RU2343180C2 - Method and device for heating of oil products - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes; metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: liquid fuel and water are supplied in reservoir 8. Pump 18 and disperser 14 are switched on, valves 15 are opened, which connect reservoir 8 with circular manifold 12. Water-fuel emulsion (WFE) is prepared in reservoir 8. Then WFE is supplied to burner equipped with hydromechanical nozzles, tube furnace. After reservoir 8 is emptied, appropriate valves 16 are switched on, and supply of WFE is switched to reservoir 9.

EFFECT: reduction of maximum temperature in burning torch and provision of possibility to use non-heatproof steels for furnace design elements.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the oil, oil refining, chemical industry and can be used for heating crude oil or petroleum products with a view to their subsequent processing.

A known method of heating petroleum products, implemented by means of a tube furnace, a description of which is given in the Catalog CINTI-chemical oil, Moscow, 1990, p.23. The heated oil product is passed through the pipes of the radiant and convective coils located in the lined housing, and heating is carried out by long-torch burners.

The specified technical solution as the closest analogue can be taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the high temperature generated in burning torches when burning fuel in burners, which requires the use of heat-resistant materials for the structural elements of the furnace.

The problem to which the present invention is directed, is to reduce the maximum temperature in the flame.

According to the technical solution proposed in the framework of this application for the invention, the task is solved by a new sequence and a new mode of operations for heating oil products.

The proposed method is carried out using an apparatus for heating petroleum products, which together with the specified method constitutes a group of inventions that implement a single inventive concept. The heating apparatus comprises a furnace with a torch burner and coils through which oil is pumped. The temperature of the oil at the outlet of the furnace is regulated by a change in the performance of the torch burner. During the operation of the furnace, its structural elements are heated. It is characteristic of flare burners that the distribution of temperature across the flare is not uniform - a local maximum of temperature takes place in the zone of the maximum diameter of the flare of the burner. The presence of high temperature determines the use of expensive high alloy steels for structural elements of the furnace. In order to reduce the maximum temperature of the torch burner, finely dispersed water-fuel emulsion (VTE) is used as the burned liquid fuel, which without reducing the heating efficiency of the oil product allows to reduce the maximum temperature of the torch of the burner by about 200 ° C. And this, in turn, allows the use of cheaper steel grades. In order to maintain the desired combustion temperature of VTE, it is necessary to strictly maintain the water content in VTE, for example, 20%. To do this, in the proposed invention, finely dispersed VTE is prepared in two tanks by pouring measured quantities of liquid fuel and water in a strict ratio and mixing them using a dispersant, then they are fed alternately from two tanks to a torch burner. After emptying one tank, they switch to another tank, and a new volume of VTE is prepared in an empty tank.

Based on the standard consumption of VTE for burner operation, the tanks should have a volume sufficient for the continuous operation of the apparatus for heating oil products for, for example, 3 days. Since VTE after cooking can be stored without delamination for a long time (months), a 3-day tank switching mode is quite acceptable.

Thus, the method of heating oil products according to the invention provides for the supply of oil to the coils of the heating apparatus, the supply of liquid fuel to the torch burner and the use of finely dispersed water-fuel emulsion as fuel, VTE to the burners is supplied alternately from two tanks, the preparation of finely dispersed VTE in the tanks is also carried out alternately after emptying by pouring measured quantities of liquid fuel and water and mixing them with a dispersant, then carry out it x T ruble until the reservoir with a pump supplying the compound to VTE flare burner.

The apparatus for heating oil products contains a furnace with a torch burner and coils and a VTE preparation unit.

The prototype can be a tube furnace for fire heating of petroleum products according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2140434 with a priority of April 6, 1998.

The specified furnace is equipped with a radiant and convective coils, an air heater and a part of twins made of elliptical pipes with the location of the small axes of the sections of the radiant pipes normal to the lining, large axes of the sections of the convective pipes and the heater along the flue gas stream, between the lower twins of the radiant coil and the radiant bottom the chamber has a false bottom with a series of holes in the place where it adjoins the lining and above the burners, and the inner layer is made of highly heat-conducting material.

The disadvantage of this invention is the high maximum temperature of the torch of the burner, which leads to the use of high-alloy expensive steels for structural elements of the furnace, and also leads to increased coke formation on the inner surface of the coils in the zone of maximum temperature.

The problem to which the present invention is directed is to reduce the temperature loads on the structural elements of the furnace by reducing the maximum temperature of the torch of the burner, which will allow the use of cheaper steel grades.

The problem is solved by introducing new elements into the composition of the apparatus for heating oil products, their special implementation and location.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 shows a General view of the apparatus for heating oil products, Fig.2 is a sectional view of the furnace, Fig.3 is a fragment of a furnace with a torch burner, Fig.4 is a diagram of a VTE preparation unit.

The numbers in the drawings indicate:

1 - block preparation of fuel oil emulsion (VTE);

2 - tubular heating furnace;

3 - burner of a tubular heating furnace with a hydromechanical nozzle;

4 - pump supply VTE to the burner of the furnace;

5 - chimney;

8, 9 - tanks for the preparation of VTE;

10 - nozzle for loading a measured dose of liquid fuel into the VTE preparation tank;

11 - pipe loading a measured dose of water into the VTE preparation tank;

12 - annular pipeline to ensure the preparation of VTE after filling the tank (either 8 if it was empty at the time of filling, or 9) liquid fuel and water;

14 - dispersant (cavitation transducer, which provides, when pumping through it with the help of pump 18, the preparation of fine VTE in the tank 8 or 9);

15 - valves that provide connection (shutdown) of the tank 8 or 9 with the suction pipe of the pump 18, the annular line 12 and the dispersant 14 to ensure the alternate preparation of VTE in one or another tank;

16 - valves for connecting (disconnecting) the tank 8 or 9 with the suction pipe of the pump 4, which supplies the VTE to the furnace burner and the unused (not passed through the nozzle) part of the VTE returns to the tank 8 or 9;

17 - level sensors, giving a signal that the tank is empty and you need to switch to another tank;

18 - dispersant pump;

21 - power shell of the furnace;

22 - insulation shell;

23 - rack mounting coils;

24 - radiant screen;

25 - convective coil;

26 - radiant coil;

27 - thermal insulation;

28 - flue gas exhaust pipes;

29 - under the stove;

30 - the roof of the furnace;

31 - explosive valve.

The apparatus for heating oil products is as follows.

In the tank 8 serves measured doses of liquid fuel and water, ensuring, for example, a ratio of 20% of water in VTE. Next, turn on the pump 18 and dispersant 14 and open the valves 15 connecting the tank 8 with the annular line 12. Within 2, 3 hours produce VTE in the tank 8.

Then turn on the pump 4 and open the corresponding valves 16 (valves of the tank 8) and supply the VTE to the burner 3 of the tube furnace 2. Turn on the pump for supplying oil to the coils of the furnace 2 (not shown).

The burner 3 of the tube furnace 2 is turned on, and its torch is ignited. According to the technological regulations produce a rise in temperature in the furnace 2 to enter the mode. Heating of petroleum products in two interconnected coils (convective 25 and radiant 26) is carried out by hot gases - in the torch of burner 3, the gases generated during the combustion of VTE rise up to the roof 30 of furnace 2, rotate 180 degrees and through an annular gap between the insulation shell 22 the furnace 2 and the convective coil 25 go down to the chimney 28, from where they are discharged into the chimney 5. If the coils are installed in series, for example, the convective coil 25 is installed above the radiant 26, the hot gases will pass right up to the roof 30 of the furnace 2, i.e. without turning 180 degrees, and go into the chimney 5. But with this arrangement of coils, the height of furnace 2 will increase by about 2 times. Thus, at any arrangement of the coils, the hot gases sequentially heat the radiant 26 and convective 25 coils of the furnace 2 and the oil pumped through them.

After emptying the tank 8, turn on the corresponding valves 16 and switch the VTE supply from the tank 9. And in the tank 8 a new volume of VTE is prepared as described above.

The implementation of the proposed method and apparatus for heating petroleum products can reduce the maximum temperature of the combustion products formed during the operation of a liquid fuel flame burner, and thereby ensure the use of non-heat-resistant (inexpensive) steels for structural elements of the furnace.

Claims (4)

1. A method of heating oil products, including the supply of oil to the coils of the heating apparatus, the supply of liquid fuel to a torch burner, the use of finely dispersed water-fuel emulsion (VTE) as fuel, characterized in that the VTE is supplied to the burner equipped with hydromechanical nozzles in turn from two tanks moreover, the preparation of a finely dispersed emulsion in the tanks is also carried out alternately as they are emptied by pouring measured quantities of liquid fuel and water into the empty tank and mixing them with a dispersant, then store it until the tank is connected to the VTE feed pump to the burner of the heating apparatus. 2. An oil product heating apparatus comprising a heating furnace with radiant and convective heating chambers, a torch burner, a unit for preparing finely dispersed water-fuel emulsion and a pump for supplying it to the burner, characterized in that the furnace burner is equipped with hydromechanical nozzles, and the VTE preparation unit is made in the form of two tanks , each of which is equipped with nozzles for filling measured quantities of liquid fuel and water, as well as an annular pipe connecting the upper part of the tank with the lower one and having a dispersant for VTE preparation, each tank is equipped with a nozzle with a control valve connected to the VTE feed pump to the furnace burner, and a level sensor to turn off the emulsion supply from the empty tank and turn on the supply from the full tank. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the radiant and convective cameras are installed one in the other and are separated by a metal screen. 4. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the radiant and convective cameras are installed in series.

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