RU2343086C1 - Fluid flow accelerator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: fluid flow accelerator contains at least in-line two nozzles with at least one of them coaxially inserted into the nozzle in the same direction as fluid motion for cavitation between the nozzles. And at least one cavity is connected with fluid feeder and suction. At least one cavity contains fluid ioniser cavity with fluid feeder and suction includes fluid hydraulic impact electrodes connected to outputs of fluid hydraulic impact forming unit.

EFFECT: lower energy consumption for vessel running, higher cruising speed and range, lower fuel margin, higher efficiency of jet driver.

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Description

The invention relates to the hydrodynamics of water vehicles, and in particular to the construction of liquid propulsion propulsion systems, including water jet propulsion for ships, underwater vehicles and other floating vehicles. It can be used on other modes of transport, in pipeline transport, as well as for energy production. It is aimed primarily at reducing energy consumption for the movement of vehicles.

Known water-jet and direct-flow gas-jet ship propulsion [1]. Acceleration of water in a water conduit or flow part of these propulsors is provided by means of a working body - an axial pump (or propeller) or a centrifugal pump, as well as by using the energy of compressed air.

The main disadvantage of such a working body is the need to expend a large amount of energy for its operation. In addition, in many water jets, the engine shaft passes through the hull of the vessel and / or the conduit. In this case, the hydraulic resistance to the movement of water in the conduit of the mover increases, its efficiency decreases.

Known methods and devices for reducing fuel consumption by creating additional (body) traction force of water-jet propulsors. To do this, hydrodynamic bodies are installed in the propulsion conduit, during which a hull thrust force flows around the water flow. The same result can be achieved by setting the corresponding hydrodynamic shape of the inner surface of the casing of the mover conduit [2-4, etc.].

The disadvantage of these devices is a relatively small decrease in energy at a constant speed of the vessel, a slight increase in its efficiency, and generally a large energy consumption for the movement of the vessel.

A known fluid accelerator containing at least two nozzles on one axis, while at least one nozzle is rigidly or axially axially displaceable, is inserted coaxially into the next nozzle with the formation of a cavity between the nozzles, and not less than one cavity is in communication with fluid supply and suction devices, at least one cavity contains fluid ionization means, pressure sensors are installed in all cavities, and velocity sensors are installed in the inlet and outlet reactive nozzles [5]. The device is taken as a prototype.

Disadvantages of a fluid accelerator - basically it can only be used to accelerate gas (air) at any position of the device in space. At the same time, to accelerate the movement of a liquid (water, a mixture of water with gases, oil products, etc.), the design of a gas (air) accelerator can be used only with its vertical arrangement, and the design of the accelerator is symmetrical about the vertical axis. In this case, in each transverse plane of the accelerator, the process of influencing the liquid, in particular, the process of ejecting liquid from the cavities, will be uniform. When the central axis of the accelerator is inclined to a vertical or horizontal arrangement, the liquid tends to fill all the volumes below, the symmetry of the processes affecting the liquid is broken. Creating vacuum cavities in the upper part of the device is much easier than in the bottom. The design of gas acceleration to accelerate the liquid is irrational.

The technical result of the invention is a significant reduction in energy costs for the movement of the vessel (not less than 70-80%), therefore, the ability to increase speed and / or range, reduce fuel reserves, increase the efficiency of a jet propulsion engine.

The technical result is achieved in that the fluid flow accelerator includes at least two nozzles sealed to each other on the same axis, while at least one nozzle is rigidly or axially movable coaxially inserted into the next fluid a nozzle with the formation of a cavity between the nozzles, and at least one cavity is in communication with the fluid supply and suction devices for adjusting the speed (power) at the output of the accelerator, ionization means are placed in at least one cavity ekuchey medium, providing its ionisation in the cavity and with a movement in the accelerator ejection of fluid through the inlet section, in all cavities mounted pressure sensors, and the inlet and outlet nozzle - speed sensors.

According to the invention, a fluid is used as a fluid (liquid with gases, air). In the cavity in which the suction and supply of the fluid is provided, electrodes are additionally placed for performing electro-hydraulic shock in the fluid. In this case, the accelerator is equipped with an electrohydraulic shock forming unit, the outputs of which are connected to the electrodes.

The accelerator can be placed horizontally, and from the known symmetrical design of the gas (air) flow accelerator, only the upper part is used, cut off by a horizontal plane parallel to the plane passing through the central axis of the device.

The design of the accelerator is calculated on the set maximum speed (power) of the fluid flow at its output. In this case, lower velocity values are obtained by varying the vacuum in the cavities with the help of fluid supply and suction devices, changing the amplitude and / or frequency of the processes of ionization of the fluid, as well as electro-hydraulic shock in the fluid.

The general scheme of the liquid accelerator is shown in the drawing.

The fluid flow accelerator comprises a coaxial nozzle 1 with an inlet section 2 and a critical section 3, a nozzle 4 with a critical section 5 and a cavity 6 between these nozzles, then a Laval nozzle 7 with a critical section 8 and a Laval nozzle 9 with a critical section follow 10 and the output nozzle 11. Between the nozzles 4 and 7 there is a cavity 12, between the nozzles 7 and 9 there is a cavity 13. In this case, the nozzles 1 and 4, as well as 4 and 7, 7 and 9 are tightly interconnected. To the cavities 6, 12 and 13 are connected the device 14 of the suction and supply of fluid inside these cavities. In the cavity 6, fluid ionization blocks 15 and valves 16 are placed, as well as electrodes 17 connected to the electro-hydraulic shock formation unit (not shown in the drawing). Sensors and control unit are also not shown.

The device operates as follows.

There are two options for the accelerator: using an external device for the initial acceleration of the liquid in the accelerator and without it. In the presence of, for example, a pump, liquid is supplied to the accelerator inlet under pressure, and then it is accelerated inside the accelerator.

When the accelerator operates without an external device, the accelerator is first connected to the external medium (liquid). The cavities are filled with liquid (an air cushion may appear in the cavity). Next, ionization of the fluid in the cavity 6 is carried out using one or more ionization means 15 located in the cavity, and / or electro-hydraulic shocks of a certain amplitude and frequency between the electrodes 17 are carried out using the unit for their formation. As a result of ionization and shock, molecules and liquid atoms are partially destroyed with the release of a large amount of heat and kinetic energy [6]. With the valves 16 closed, the flow of expanded fluid (liquid and gases) in the cavity 6 flies to the central axis of the device, while ejecting fluid from the external medium through the inlet section 2. Next, the valves 16 open and the fluid 13 enters the cavity 13 from the external medium fluid source. If necessary, suction of fluid (liquid, gas) from the cavity 13. After that, the valves are closed. The frequency of such operations (pulsations) is regulated and can be high enough to ensure the quasi-continuous nature of the accelerator. When the flow rate of the fluid (liquid and gases) coming from the cavity 6, taking into account the ejected liquid (through the nozzle 1) between sections 5 and 8, is sufficient to eject the fluid from the cavity 12, some rarefaction will occur in the latter. It will help to increase the pressure drop between sections 3 and 5 and thereby increase the flow rate and flow rate of the fluid through the inlet section 2. This, in turn, will increase the vacuum of the cavity 6. Such processes will continue until the degree of increase vacuum in the cavity. Two outcomes are possible here. First, when the magnitude of the vacuum in the cavities 12 and 13 is not controlled, then the flow rate will be greatest at the technically possible degree of vacuum (due to self-vacuum [7]). The second outcome, when, on the contrary, the vacuum value is assigned and maintained artificially in cavities 12 and 13, the flow rate will be controllable. When establishing a constant flow rate at the output of the accelerator 11, the ripple frequency is gradually reduced until it is completely turned off. The accelerator begins to work only by sucking into the nozzles 12 and 13 of the liquid from the external environment by vacuum of these cavities. After the cessation of pulsations, a vacuum also appears in the cavity 6. With further evacuation of the cavities 6, 12, and 13, a steady fluid flow will occur in the outlet nozzle 11. In this case, the pump, another external device for supplying fluid to the accelerator for acceleration, if used, is turned off.

The speed (power) of the fluid flow at the outlet of the accelerator in real time is controlled by controlling the amount of vacuum in the cavities 6, 12 and 13. For this, devices 14 are provided for suctioning the fluid and supplying the fluid to the cavity. The speed (power) of the flow at the output of the accelerator can also be adjusted by changing the pulsation frequency of the processes of fluid ionization and / or electro-hydraulic shocks in the cavity 6. Finally, the distances between the nozzles can be changed. To control the operation of the accelerator, the readings of pressure sensors located in the cavities, flow rate sensors at the outlet and inlet of the accelerator, as well as the readings of devices 14 entering the control unit of its operation are used.

The considered mode of propulsion is not the only one. A variant of operation is possible in which the flow into the cavity (injection) and ionization of the fluid in the cavity 6, as well as the process of electro-hydraulic shock in the fluid in the cavity are carried out continuously. In this case, the energy released during the decomposition of atoms and molecules of the fluid in the cavity 6 will complement, enhance the energy effect of the motion of the fluid obtained from the evacuation of the cavities 12 and 13 of the accelerator.

The energy costs of the accelerator are relatively small. Energy is spent on the initial acceleration of the fluid inside the accelerator to a predetermined speed, on the ionization of the fluid in the cavity 6, the implementation of electro-hydraulic shock, compensation for friction losses, etc. Suction or supply of fluid into evacuated cavities having small volumes will require relatively small fuel consumption . In addition, energy is expended on the operation of the valve opening and closing mechanisms 16. Maintaining the set flow rate of the fluid (liquid with gases) at the outlet of the accelerator is carried out mainly due to the vacuum in the cavity of the accelerator.

Information Sources Used

1. L.S. Artyushkov, A.Sh. Achkinadze, A.A. Rusetskiy. Ship Movers: Textbook. - L .: Shipbuilding, 1988 .-- 296 p., Ill. (17 p.).

2. RF patent No. 2228879, publ. 2004 year

3. RF patent No. 2240951, publ. 2004 year

4. RF patent No. 2247058, publ. 2005 year

5. RF patent №2285636, publ. 2006 year

6. E.I. Andreev, O.A. Klyucharev, A.P. Smirnov, R.A. Davidenko. Natural energy. - St. Petersburg: Nestor, 2000 .-- 122 s.

7. Patent WO 03/25379, cl. 7 F2K 7/00, publ. 2003 year

Claims (1)

A fluid flow accelerator comprising at least two nozzles on one axis, wherein at least one nozzle is coaxially inserted into the next nozzle in the direction of the fluid with the formation of a cavity between the nozzles, at least one cavity communicating with the devices means for supplying and suctioning a fluid in at least one cavity; a means of ionizing the fluid is characterized in that electrodes for performing electrohydraulic shocks in the fluid are placed in a cavity with devices for supplying and suctioning a fluid which are connected to the outputs of the block of formation of electro-hydraulic shocks in the fluid.