CN109900177B - Air gun device for underwater high-pressure gas ice breaking experiment - Google Patents
Air gun device for underwater high-pressure gas ice breaking experiment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of ship and ocean engineering experiments, is mainly applied to fluid-solid coupling experimental research of high-pressure gas load ice breaking, and particularly relates to an air gun device for an underwater high-pressure gas ice breaking experiment. The invention realizes the quick release of the underwater high-pressure air source under the condition of adjustable pressure and air quantity, and can generate underwater high-pressure bubbles with preset shapes. The pressure of the generated high-pressure bubbles is adjustable, and the volume of the generated high-pressure bubbles can be controlled by controlling the size of the air cylinder of the air gun device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ship and ocean engineering experiments, is mainly applied to fluid-solid coupling experimental research of high-pressure gas load ice breaking, and particularly relates to an air gun device for an underwater high-pressure gas ice breaking experiment.
Background
With the increasing temperature of arctic channels and polar resource development, the demand for new ice breaking technology is increasing. The traditional ice breaking mode does not depend on a firm hull structure and strong propelling capacity, takes a flushing system and a rapid side-tipping system as assistance, and crushes ice blocks violently by power and dead weight through direct contact with an ice layer. The high-pressure air is compressed as much as possible during working, then the high-pressure air is emitted to the ice, and the high-pressure air expands rapidly under the water and releases energy to cause explosion to generate shock waves and cavitation jet flow, so that the ice structure is continuously damaged. The high-pressure gas ice breaking technology is an efficient and superior ice breaking mode, can improve the economy of shipping, and also has non-trivial effects on energy conservation, emission reduction and greenhouse effect inhibition.
The mechanism of action of the high pressure bubble is as follows: the high pressure bubbles begin to expand rapidly in the water under the push of the internal high pressure gas. As the gas within the bubble gradually expands, the pressure and temperature inside the bubble begin to gradually decrease. And the bubble can be excessively expanded under the action of water inertia, so that the internal pressure of the bubble is lower than the surrounding reference pressure, the expansion of the bubble is stopped by the negative pressure difference on the surface of the bubble, and then the radius of the bubble reaches the maximum value. Subsequently, the bubble begins to shrink and collapse. The entire process of collapse is due to the internal pressure of the bubble being lower than the hydrostatic pressure surrounding the bubble. This process continues until the internal pressure of the bubble increases to a point where it stops above the hydrostatic pressure of the surrounding atmosphere (inertial effect). When the bubble collapses to the minimum radius, pressure waves are generated due to the fact that the internal pressure of the bubble is far greater than the pressure of the surrounding aqueous medium, or pressure pulses are generated, and serious damage to the ice surface is caused
The fluid-solid coupling problem in the process is researched through a high-pressure gas ice breaking mechanism experiment, a reasonable pressure load and ice layer damage mode is obtained, and the method has important engineering application significance and scientific theoretical value for improving the structural design level and the navigation safety of the icebreaking ship type.
In the high-pressure gas ice breaking experiment, the quick release and the shape control of a high-pressure gas source are two major keys. In the existing underwater high-pressure gas experiment technology, patent application No. 201811168678.5, namely 'a pneumatic type underwater high-pressure bubble source', three electromagnetic valves are adopted to release high-pressure gas in a linkage control mode to serve as a gas source, the structure of the gas gun is complex, the influence of the appearance of the gas gun on the shape of bubbles formed by the high-pressure gas is not considered, and meanwhile, the head of the gas gun is not processed, so that the shape of the bubbles required by the experiment is difficult to generate. The existing gas ice breaking experimental device has many defects:
(1) the explosive is used as a gas source, and high-pressure gas is released by underwater ignition, so that the explosive has certain danger, is high in experiment cost and operation difficulty, and is not beneficial to developing repeated experiments;
(2) electric sparks are used as an air source to generate underwater high-pressure bubbles, bubbles with larger sizes are difficult to generate due to voltage limitation, and potential safety hazards can also exist due to overhigh experimental voltage;
(3) a high-pressure air gun is used as an air source, the appearance and the gun head of the air gun are less considered, an ideal underwater bubble shape is difficult to generate, and adverse effects are generated on the measurement and utilization of an experimental result.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an air gun device for an underwater high-pressure gas ice breaking experiment, which can adjust the pressure and the air quantity of an underwater high-pressure gas source and generate underwater high-pressure bubbles with preset shapes.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an air gun device for an underwater high-pressure air ice breaking experiment comprises a compression cylinder, an electromagnetic valve and a gun head, wherein a shell of the compression cylinder is connected with a shell of the electromagnetic valve; the electromagnetic valve shell is provided with a cable interface, and a partition plate is arranged inside the electromagnetic valve; the space at one side of the partition board is connected with the compression cylinder, an air outlet communicated with the compression cylinder is formed at the connecting position, an electromagnetic coil is arranged on the inner wall of the electromagnetic valve in the space at the other side of the partition board, and an electromagnetic piston is arranged between the electromagnetic coils; the compression cylinder is provided with a high-pressure gas interface, and a sealing piston is arranged at a gas outlet for communicating the compression cylinder with the electromagnetic valve; the electromagnetic piston is connected with a sealing piston in the compression cylinder through a transmission connecting rod, and the transmission connecting rod penetrates through a partition plate in the electromagnetic valve; the electromagnetic piston is connected with a partition plate inside the electromagnetic valve through a return spring; the gun head is arranged on the electromagnetic valve and is positioned between the partition plate and the compression cylinder.
The present invention may further comprise:
the compression cylinder inside be equipped with cylinder governing valve and cylinder regulation pole, and cylinder governing valve links to each other with the cylinder regulation pole.
The gun head comprises a gun barrel, a flying disc and a positioning rod; the flying disc is arranged at the air outlet port of the gun barrel, the bottom of the flying disc is a spherical surface, and a pipe orifice at the air outlet end of the gun barrel is matched with the bottom of the flying disc; the positioning rod penetrates through the flying disc, one end of the positioning rod is provided with a positioner, and the other end of the positioning rod is provided with a height limiter; the cross section of the locator is circular and provided with a hole, and the locator is fixed on the inner wall of the gun barrel; the height limiter is connected with the flying disc through a return spring.
The locator is opened three fan-shaped holes with equal area around the centre of a circle of its cross section.
The flying disc is made of high polymer materials, and the limit compression distance of a return spring between the flying disc and the height limiter is 3/4 of the distance between the initial flying disc and the height limiter.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the air gun device for the underwater high-pressure gas ice breaking experiment provided by the invention overcomes the defects of the conventional underwater high-pressure gas source experiment, and has the beneficial effects that:
the pressure of the high-pressure bubbles generated by the invention is adjustable, and the volume of the generated high-pressure bubbles can be controlled by controlling the size of the air cylinder of the air gun device. The invention realizes the quick release of the underwater high-pressure air source under the condition of adjustable pressure and air quantity, and can generate underwater high-pressure bubbles with preset shapes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the lance tip of the present invention in a closed state.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the lance tip of the present invention in a released state.
Fig. 3(a) is a schematic view of high-pressure bubbles under water generated by a conventional lance tip.
Fig. 3(b) is a schematic view of the submerged high-pressure bubbles produced by the lance tip of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a diagram of the high pressure bubbles under water produced by the gun head of the present invention recorded by a high speed camera.
Fig. 5 is a front view of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a side view of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an underwater high-pressure gas ice breaking experimental device adopting the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the gun head part of the present invention includes a gun head housing 15, a triangular positioning device 16, a positioning rod 17, a high polymer material flying disc 18, a return spring 19, and a height limiter 20; the lower portion of the gun head shell 15 is provided with threads and used for being connected with a main body of an air gun device, an inner concave platform is arranged on the inner side of the lower end of the gun head shell 15 and used for mounting a triangular positioner 16, a positioning rod 17 is welded in the center of the triangular positioner 16, a height limiter 20 is mounted at the other end of the positioning rod 17, a high polymer material flying disc 18 penetrates through the positioning rod 17 and is connected with the height limiter 20 through a reset spring 19 of initial compression, and the lower end of the high polymer material flying disc 18 and the upper end of the gun head shell 15 are sealed under the extrusion of the reset spring 19.
The cross section of the triangular positioner 16 is circular, and three fan-shaped holes with equal areas are formed around the center of the circular circle. The limit compression distance of the return spring 19 between the high polymer material flying disc 18 and the height limiter 20 is 3/4 of the distance between the initial flying disc and the height limiter.
When the experiment is started, high-pressure gas enters from the lower end of the gun head shell 15 and then passes through an opening in the middle of the triangular positioner 16, the high-polymer material flying disc 18 is jacked upwards due to the fact that the pressure is far higher than the spring force of the return spring 19, the high-pressure gas is released into water, and spheroidal bubbles are generated, as shown in fig. 4. When the high-pressure gas is released, the polymer material flying disc 18 moves downwards rapidly under the compression force of the return spring 19, and is sealed with the gun head shell 15 to prevent water from flowing backwards into the gun head.
As shown in fig. 3(a) and 3(b), unlike the columnar jet flow generated by the conventional gun head, the bubble generated by the gun head of the present invention is a spherical bubble, and the generated bubble can be made to be more spherical by adjusting the angle of the polymer flying disc. As shown in fig. 3(b), the bubble ejected from the tip expands from a ring shape into a spherical shape.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, which are a front view and a side view, the air gun mainly comprises a compression cylinder 1, an electromagnetic valve 2 and a gun head 3, wherein the compression cylinder 1 and the electromagnetic valve 2 are connected and fastened by threads, and the air gun head 3 is arranged between the compression cylinder 1 and the electromagnetic valve 2; the compression cylinder 1 is composed of a pressure-resistant shell 4, a cylinder adjusting rod 5, a cylinder adjusting valve 6 and a high-pressure gas interface 7, and the electromagnetic valve 2 is composed of a steel shell 8, a sealing piston 9, a transmission connecting rod 10, a piston return spring 11, an electromagnetic coil 12, an electromagnetic piston 13 and a cable interface 14.
The shell 4 of the compression cylinder 1 is made of pressure-resistant materials, a high-pressure gas interface 7 is installed on the side edge of the shell and used for conveying high-pressure gas, the inner wall of the shell of the compression cylinder is in threaded connection with the cylinder regulating valve 6, a plurality of gears are arranged on the inner wall of the compression cylinder, and the volume of the compression cylinder 1 can be adjusted from the cylinder regulating valve 6 to different gears through the cylinder regulating rod 5; the bottom of the electromagnetic valve 2 is provided with a cable interface 14 for power supply and control of the electromagnetic valve, the electromagnetic coil 12 and the electromagnetic piston 13 form an active moving part, the sealing piston 9 is driven to move up and down through the transmission connecting rod 10, high-pressure gas is quickly released, and the piston return spring 11 is used for returning and sealing the sealing piston after each experiment.
The working engineering of the invention is as follows: high-pressure gas with preset pressure is conveyed into a compression cylinder 1 with a set volume through a high-pressure gas interface 7, then an electromagnetic valve 2 is started, an electromagnetic piston 13 moves upwards under the action of an electromagnetic coil 12 and drives a sealing piston 9 to move upwards through a transmission connecting rod 10, the high-pressure gas is released from the compression cylinder 1 instantly and enters from the lower end of a gun head shell 15, then passes through an opening in the middle of a triangular positioner 16, a high-polymer material flying disc 18 is jacked upwards due to the fact that the pressure is far higher than the spring force of a return spring 19, the high-pressure gas is quickly released into water, and bubbles with preset shapes are generated; when the electromagnetic valve 2 is electrified, the electromagnetic coil 12 is deactivated, the electromagnetic piston 13 moves downwards under the action of the piston return spring 11, and the sealing piston 9 is driven to move downwards through the transmission connecting rod 10, so that the compression cylinder 1 is sealed again. After the high-pressure gas is released, the high-molecular material flying disc 18 rapidly moves downwards under the compression force of the return spring 19, and is sealed with the gun head shell 15 to prevent water from flowing backwards into the gun head
Example 1:
FIG. 7 shows an experimental apparatus for breaking ice by underwater high-pressure gas, which comprises an air compressor 34, a high-pressure air tank 32, an air gun device 27, a data acquisition system 31, a water tank side illumination device 23, a water tank bottom illumination device 28, a transparent water tank 22 and corresponding devices, wherein the air compressor 34, the high-pressure air tank 32 and the air gun device 27 are connected by high-pressure gas transmission pipelines 33 to ensure the safe transmission of the high-pressure gas, then the air gun device 27 ejects the high-pressure gas in an air gun cylinder from an air gun head 3 under the control of an electromagnetic valve, because the special structure of the head forms annular ejection, spherical high-pressure bubbles are finally formed, in the experimental process, 2 light sources are selected to polish the high-pressure bubbles 25 and the ice surface 24 at the side and the bottom of the transparent water tank 22 respectively, and the thickness of the ice surface in the experimental process is 0-100mm, the light source passes through the shot object and then is reflected to the lens of the high-speed camera 30 by the mirror surface through the control of the angle of the mirror surface 21 and the angle control range of 0-90 degrees in the horizontal direction, and in order to ensure the definition of the shot object, two pieces of ground glass are adopted to disperse the light source between the light source and the shot object in the experimental process, so that the emitted light source is uniform.
The experimental process comprises the following steps:
1. in the experiment process, firstly, the air compressor 34 is adopted to compress air, then the high-pressure air is stored in the high-pressure air storage tank 32 through the high-pressure air transmission pipeline 33, the high-pressure air storage tank 32 can control the output air pressure, the control can be adjusted between 1 atmosphere and 50 atmosphere, and then the high-pressure air transmission pipeline 33 can transmit the high-pressure air to the air gun device.
2. Turning on the lighting device, polishing the high-pressure bubbles 25 and the ice surface 24 on the side and the bottom of the transparent water tank 22, putting the ice surface 24 into water, adjusting the position and the placing angle of the mirror surface 21 and the control range of the horizontal direction angle to be 0-90 degrees, and reflecting the light source to the lens of the high-speed camera 30 through the mirror surface after passing through the shot object.
3. The height of the ice surface 24 is adjusted, the adjusting range is the height of the transparent water tank 22, the lens is adjusted to enable observation to be clear, in order to guarantee the definition of a shot object, two pieces of ground glass are adopted to disperse a light source between the light source and the shot object in the experimental process, and the light source emitted by the light source is enabled to be uniform.
4. Then high-pressure gas with preset pressure is conveyed into a compression cylinder 1 with a set volume through a high-pressure gas interface 7, then an electromagnetic valve 2 is started, an electromagnetic piston 13 moves upwards under the action of an electromagnetic coil 12 and drives a sealing piston 9 to move upwards through a transmission connecting rod 10, the high-pressure gas is released from the compression cylinder 1 instantly and enters from the lower end of a gun head shell 15, then passes through an opening in the middle of a triangular positioner 16, a high-polymer material flying disc 18 is jacked upwards due to the fact that the pressure is far higher than the spring force of a return spring 19, and the high-pressure gas is quickly released into water.
5. Due to the special structure of the gun head 3, annular jet is formed, and finally spherical high-pressure bubbles are formed, and the bubbles begin to rapidly expand in water under the push of internal high-pressure gas. As the gas within the bubble gradually expands, the pressure and temperature inside the bubble begin to gradually decrease. And the bubble can be excessively expanded under the action of water inertia, so that the internal pressure of the bubble is lower than the surrounding reference pressure, the expansion of the bubble is stopped by the negative pressure difference on the surface of the bubble, and then the radius of the bubble reaches the maximum value. Subsequently, the bubble begins to shrink and collapse. The entire process of collapse is due to the internal pressure of the bubble being lower than the hydrostatic pressure surrounding the bubble. This process continues until the internal pressure of the bubble increases to a point where it stops above the hydrostatic pressure of the surrounding atmosphere (inertial effect). When the bubble collapses to a minimum radius, a pressure wave, otherwise known as a pressure pulse, is typically generated due to the internal pressure of the bubble being much greater than the pressure of the surrounding aqueous medium, causing severe damage to the ice surface.
6. Meanwhile, the high-speed camera 30 records the process, in order to observe the synchronous change of the high-pressure bubbles and the ice surface at the same time, the side surface light source and the bottom surface light source are simultaneously started, and the mirror surface 21 is arranged, so that the change conditions of the high-pressure bubbles and the ice surface can be simultaneously observed in the high-speed camera 30.
7. After the experiment is completed, the data acquisition unit 31 is adopted to cooperate with video analysis software to acquire the data of the shot high-speed images. The data content mainly comprises the following parts of high-pressure bubble form images and ice surface crushing condition images
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an air gun device that is used for high-pressure gas to open ice experiment under water, includes compression cylinder, solenoid valve and rifle head, its characterized in that: the shell of the compression cylinder is connected with the shell of the electromagnetic valve; the electromagnetic valve shell is provided with a cable interface, and a partition plate is arranged inside the electromagnetic valve; the space at one side of the partition board is connected with the compression cylinder, an air outlet communicated with the compression cylinder is formed at the connecting position, an electromagnetic coil is arranged on the inner wall of the electromagnetic valve in the space at the other side of the partition board, and an electromagnetic piston is arranged between the electromagnetic coils; the compression cylinder is provided with a high-pressure gas interface, and a sealing piston is arranged at a gas outlet for communicating the compression cylinder with the electromagnetic valve; the electromagnetic piston is connected with a sealing piston in the compression cylinder through a transmission connecting rod, and the transmission connecting rod penetrates through a partition plate in the electromagnetic valve; the electromagnetic piston is connected with a partition plate inside the electromagnetic valve through a return spring; the gun head is arranged on the electromagnetic valve and is positioned between the partition plate and the compression cylinder.
2. The air gun device for the underwater high-pressure gas ice breaking experiment is characterized in that: the compression cylinder inside be equipped with cylinder governing valve and cylinder regulation pole, and cylinder governing valve links to each other with the cylinder regulation pole.
3. The air gun device for the underwater high-pressure gas ice breaking experiment is characterized in that: the gun head comprises a gun barrel, a flying disc and a positioning rod; the flying disc is arranged at the air outlet port of the gun barrel, the bottom of the flying disc is a spherical surface, and a pipe orifice at the air outlet end of the gun barrel is matched with the bottom of the flying disc; the positioning rod penetrates through the flying disc, one end of the positioning rod is provided with a positioner, and the other end of the positioning rod is provided with a height limiter; the cross section of the locator is circular and provided with a hole, and the locator is fixed on the inner wall of the gun barrel; the height limiter is connected with the flying disc through a return spring.
4. The air gun device for the underwater high-pressure gas ice breaking experiment is characterized in that: the locator is opened three fan-shaped holes with equal area around the centre of a circle of its cross section.
5. The air gun device for the underwater high-pressure gas ice breaking experiment is characterized in that: the flying disc is made of high polymer materials, and the limit compression distance of a return spring between the flying disc and the height limiter is 3/4 of the initial distance between the flying disc and the height limiter.
6. The air gun device for the underwater high-pressure gas ice breaking experiment is characterized in that: the flying disc is made of high polymer materials, and the limit compression distance of a return spring between the flying disc and the height limiter is 3/4 of the initial distance between the flying disc and the height limiter.
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| CN110470528A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-19 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of experimental provision for high-speed water jet ice-breaking experiment |
| CN112173021B (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2021-04-30 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Pulsating bubble ice breaking device and method |
| CN113533099B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2022-06-21 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Ball cap type high-speed water jet gun head for water jet ice breaking experiment |
| CN115092842B (en) * | 2022-06-05 | 2024-05-17 | 成远矿业开发股份有限公司 | High-pressure gas ice breaking device for blast holes in alpine region |
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