CN102029999A - Hovercraft - Google Patents
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- CN102029999A CN102029999A CN2009101793334A CN200910179333A CN102029999A CN 102029999 A CN102029999 A CN 102029999A CN 2009101793334 A CN2009101793334 A CN 2009101793334A CN 200910179333 A CN200910179333 A CN 200910179333A CN 102029999 A CN102029999 A CN 102029999A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hovercraft which comprises a cockpit, a hull, a buoyancy tank, side walls, aprons, a gas booster, propulsion equipment, fuel equipment and electrical control equipment, wherein the left side and the right side of the hull are respectively provided with a side wall, and the front side and the back side of the hull are respectively provided with an apron; the gas booster comprises a gas boosting cylinder and a gas boosting pipe; a gas inlet is arranged at one end of the gas boosting cylinder, and a gas inlet valve is arranged in the gas inlet; an exhaust outlet is arranged at the other end of the gas boosting cylinder, and an exhaust valve is arranged in the exhaust outlet; an acetylene gas inlet pipe and an igniter are arranged on the outer surface of the gas boosting cylinder; the detonation combustion of the acetylene in the gas boosting cylinder generates high-pressure gas which is conveyed into a gas cushion chamber through the gas boosting pipe; the propulsion equipment comprises a combustion chamber and a water sprayer; the combustion chamber is a cylinder body which is arranged horizontally; a gas inlet is arranged at one end of the combustion chamber, and a gas inlet valve is arranged in the gas inlet; an exhaust outlet is arranged at the other end of the combustion chamber, and an exhaust valve is arranged in the exhaust outlet; an acetylene gas inlet pipe, an igniter and a fuel gas pipe are arranged on the outer surface of the cylinder body; and the detonation combustion of the acetylene in the combustion chamber generates high-pressure fuel gas which is conveyed into the water sprayer through the fuel gas pipe, thereby driving the water in the water sprayer to flow to be spouted at a high speed from a water spout.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to marine technology, refer more particularly to a kind of air cushion vehicle.
Background technology
Air cushion vehicle is to utilize high pressure air, alow and between the water surface or ground, forms air cushion, makes all or part of the hovering of hull and realizes the ship of navigation at a high speed.Air cushion is with high-power air compressor air to be pressed under the hull bottom, limits its effusion by air seal sets such as flexible skirt around the hull bottom or rigid sidewalls and forms.Be provided with annular nozzle around the hull bottom of air cushion vehicle, air-flow is from the tiltedly ejection at a high speed of spout lean-out and since the water surface stop that air-flow gathers the formation air cushion alow, and produce one very strong very big lift, dried up of ship holder.Because object is more much smaller with the friction of water than object with the friction of air, air cushion vehicle utilizes the promotion of main engine driven air screw or underwater propeller, when travelling forward, only is subjected to air resistance, so it can slide at a high speed on the water surface.Its speed is than high several times of common ship, and the Large Surface Effect Ship carrying can reach thousands of people in the world at present, speed per hour reach 300 kms/time.
From above-mentioned description to air cushion vehicle, the keystone configuration of air cushion vehicle is as can be seen: hull, apron, gas booster, propulsion equipment.In general, gas booster is exactly that air compressor is exactly air screw or water screw propeller and propelling main frame with the main frame of calming the anger, propulsion equipment, the main frame of calming the anger is selected aero-engine, high speed diesel engine or automotive gas turbine for use with the propelling main frame.
Air cushion vehicle design on the books is the earliest proposed in 1716 by Sweden philosopher Si Weidengbao.His design is by manpower air to be blown into air cushion.Material object not being produced at that time, may be that manpower can not produce enough buoyancy as you know.1870, Britain engineer John Isaac Thornycraft jazz once made several near the air-sprung model with the principle that imitate on ground, and had registered patent, but did not have actual application.Finland engineer DI Toivo J.Kaario was chief inspector in aeroengine workshop, and he began to design the air cushion ship in 1931.He has built and has tested the surperficial aerodone of his name, and obtains the patent No. 18630 and No. 26122 of Finland.Though Kaario is considered to design and has made first air cushion vehicle, his invention does not obtain sufficient capital so that further development.
Modern air cushion vehicle was invented by British Christopher Cockerell in nineteen fifty-two.He has produced the model of air cushion vehicle with the motor of vacuum cleaner, tests.Nineteen fifty-nine, Britain made the manned air cushion vehicle SR-N1 of stem, and successfully crossed the straits, Great Britain.In generation nineteen sixty, the man manufacturer of the number of Britain has produced several commercial air cushion vehicles, is used to provide the ferry boat service of crossing the straits, Great Britain.After 1964, the air cushion vehicle type increases, and uses increasingly extensive.Many at present as high speed short distance passenger boat, accommodation ship, ferryboat etc., 60～80 nautical miles/hour of boat scooters.
Air cushion vehicle has two classes: surface effect vehicle and sidewall hovercraft.
Surface effect vehicle: claim the full-floating air cushion vehicle again, around the hull bottom flexible skirt is housed, pressurized air forms air cushion in apron.Hull all hovers and has amphibious property and rapidity, can travel at the water surface, smooth ground and swampy terrain, and the ability of certain clear an obstacle is arranged.This air cushion vehicle advances with air screw, by manipulations such as air rudders.Surround a soft apron with materials such as nylon around the surface effect vehicle, utilize blower fan that air is charged into the bottom and form air cushion, advance then most use air screw or jet modes.Scooter 70 joints during full cushion air cushion vehicle; Possess amphibious ability, can walk by land.This air cushion vehicle is militarily most suitable as amphibious landing, and it can land at the seashore that a lot of general drainage type landing barges can't travel.Landform such as full cushion air cushion vehicle can be at the sandy beach, marsh, riverbank, soft sand, snowfield are landed, and can cross some obstacle or water, land mine.The air cushion vehicle landing barge can land the coastline in the whole world 70% to 80%; And use the draining landing barge to have only about 15% seashore to land.Rise in the 1980's, United States Navy has built that (Landing Vehicle Air-cushioned), uses for marine corps and special force near 80 LCAC LCACs.60 tons of LCAC load-carryings can deliver 180 fully armed soldiers or 12 HMMWV vehicles or a M1 tank.At full load speed still surpasses 40 joints, and cruising radius can reach 300 miles, can cross the following obstacle of four Foot; But consumption of fuel is but quite surprising, reaches per hour 1,000 gallon.
Sidewall hovercraft: hull two sides of a ship have rigid sidewalls to stretch in the water, only flexible air seal set are arranged to keep air cushion at initial and tail sections.Because of there being rigid sidewalls to stretch in the water, hull partly hovers, and does not have amphibious property, can only be along surface navigation, and the speed of a ship or plane is higher than conventional boats and ships.This air cushion vehicle is with screw propeller or water injecting system advance under water.Compare with surface effect vehicle, the holder power of sidewall hovercraft is bigger, and it is also less to run off, and is fit to do large-scale naval vessels.The hull bottom both sides of this air cushion vehicle have rigid sidewalls to insert in the water, and the air seal set that head and the tail have flexible skirt to form can reduce air and escape.During navigation, utilize special hover fan to form air cavity, make hull waft row in the water surface to the hull bottom inflation.It often selects for use LD-diesel or automotive gas turbine as main power plant, water screw propeller or waterjet propulsion, boat scooter 20～90 joints; Road-holding property and course stability are preferably arranged, but do not possess amphibious property.Because the air in this air cushion vehicle air cavity is difficult for running off, the holder force rate formula that hovers entirely is big, and consumption of power is little, be fit to build large vessel, thereby its military value is paid attention to by various countries naval quite, think that it is more rising than the formula air cushion vehicle that hovers entirely, United States Navy even claim that this is " the once great revolution on the surface craft development official ".Particularly in recent years, along with the apron life-span improve, cost descends and change the apron Progress in technique under water, and lift system adopts sail control device, its performance of waving in wave is greatly improved again.The rigid sidewalls of modern captured air bubble machine has developed into two elongated hulls, has the advantage of high-speed catamaran concurrently, claims surface effect catamaran or surface effect ship (SES) again, is a kind of very fast ship type that develops.1985, Soviet Union naval built in the world first as missile destroyer captured air bubble machine " sea lion " number, weighs 800 tons, the speed of a ship or plane 50 joints.At present, except that Russia, Norway, Spain have developed the surface effect ship as submarine mine antagonism ship and antisubmarine corvette of displacement 370 tons respectively.Relatively large captured air bubble machine is being set about developing by United States Navy on the basis of a series of Success in Experiment, as guided missile armed destroyer of 3000 tonnes etc.
Air cushion vehicle is different from traditional naval vessels, surround the periphery of hull with rubber apron, with high pressure air hull bottom is lifted away from the water surface, basically there is not to soak into the part in water, greatly reduced the resistance that rides the sea, and strengthened the ability that in billow, keeps the high speed navigation, and in fact be equivalent to pasting the utmost point low altitude aircraft of water surface flying, just produce lift with air cushion rather than wing.The speed of a ship or plane of air cushion vehicle is very high, the emergency speed of wild ox level surpass 110 kms/hour, endurance speed also nearly 100 kms/hour, more fast again at least than high-revolving guided missile ship, all more more than than the fast twice of low-tach traditional landing ship, greatly shortened the shipping time that is exposed under the anti-landing firepower of enemy.Air cushion vehicle is all insensitive to the hydrology, meteorology even submarine mine, underwater obstruction, has greatly increased the alerting ability of amphibious warfare, becomes the sharp weapon of modern amphibious warfare.United States Corps directly has been main landing operations mode towards the beach with traditional landing ship no longer, but helicopter, amphibious assault vehicle and air cushion vehicle three combinations, wherein air cushion vehicle is the main force as delivery weight equipment and large quantities of soldiers.Air cushion vehicle is the sharp weapon of amphibious warfare only not, can also be used for the clearance operation.Because the hull of air cushion vehicle does not contact seawater substantially, be difficult for relatively igniting submarine mine, even ignited also be difficult for relatively impaired.Air cushion vehicle can also cause the fluctuation of subglacial water body with the pressure wave that air cushion produces, and with the concussion realization trash ice of hydraulic pressure, the navigation channel is opened up in ice-bound sea area in the north.Certainly, air cushion vehicle in the water tourism in perhaps super shallow water territory, also has the leeway of displaying one's abilities in rescue and relief work greatly.
The shortcoming of air cushion vehicle is that rough water quality is relatively poor, and navigation stall is bigger in stormy waves.The air cushion vehicle hull is generally used aluminum alloy, high strength steel or glass-felt plastic manufacturing; Engine installation aero-engine, high speed diesel engine or automotive gas turbine; The hull bottom apron is made with the high-strength nylon rubber fabric, can change after the wearing and tearing.
According to Britain medium Earthtimes recently, Chinese Navy will furnish funds for 3.15 hundred million dollars to purchase the military air cushion vehicle of 4 Ukraine ZUBR wild ox levels.Be positioned at the Mo Ruiye shipbuilding yard at the port, expense many West Asias difficult to understand of Ukraine Black Sea, will be responsible for building preceding two wild ox level air cushion vehicles, then two air cushion vehicles are then being built within Chinese territory, and manufacture process is by Ukraine's technical personnel supervision.The adding of wild ox level will greatly strengthen the fight capability over strait of China, and the wild ox level is maximum in the world air cushion vehicle, can deliver goods and materials, the vehicle of 150 tons of weights, comprise 2-3 modern main battle tank, perhaps 500 soldiers.The voyage of wild ox level 480 kms is enough crossed over the Taiwan Straits, at narrower the North, even enough runs one and half back and forth.Compare the better operation under abominable marine environment of this air cushion vehicle with more small-sized air cushion vehicle.Since 1988, have ten this grade air cushion vehicles and dispatch from the factory, Russia, Ukraine and Hellenic Navy all are equipped with this air cushion vehicle.Wild ox level air cushion vehicle then can transport a large amount of combat troops with conventional landing boat two-fold speed.So,, certainly will greatly improve the fight capability of China naval in case this air cushion vehicle is equipped by China.
China begins not lately to the research of air cushion vehicle, but does not surpass the level of middle-size and small-size air cushion vehicle so far, and its load-carrying ability and voyage can not satisfy the needs of extensive operation over strait.China does not have the high freight volume air cushion vehicle of similar wild ox level at present, and the go-go air cushion vehicle of naval equipment is a Jingsah II type air cushion vehicle, and this air cushion vehicle only can carry 70 soldiers.
China slowly fails to succeed in developing Large Surface Effect Ship, mainly is because comprise that many technical barriers of engine installation also do not capture.The engine installation of air cushion vehicle comprises main frame, air compressor, air screw or underwater propeller.The engine installation power of Large Surface Effect Ship is big, rotating speed is high, volume is big, material capability requires high.The main frame of Large Surface Effect Ship, normally aero-engine, high speed diesel engine or automotive gas turbine, because its performance is had high requirement, up to the present, China also fails to reach this level.
There is wide coastline in China, surrounding countries with China territorial waters joins at extent of territorial waters, marine fishery and aspects such as mining industry resource, island ownership, have incomplete same opinion with us, when negotiation is invalid, may have to deal with problems with strength.For this reason, must build a powerful naval, press for Large Surface Effect Ship, China oneself can't resolve the problem of engine installation, forcedly removes to buy Large Surface Effect Ship to abroad.Have the country of Large Surface Effect Ship to know our situation certainly, they consider for the national strategic interests of oneself, may not sell us, also may attach all exacting terms, or high price are blocked us.Before more than ten years, China just buys wild ox level air cushion vehicle and repeatedly negotiates to Russia, ends without result, and just this problem has been described.
The background technology of above-mentioned relevant air cushion vehicle has a detailed description in following monograph:
1, Zhao Lianen thanks to Yonghe County, high-performance ship principle and design, Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2009.
2, Shao Kaiwen, Ma Yunyi, marine technology and Summary for Design, Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2005.
3, Tang Zhi pulls out, seagoing vessel development historical narrative, Harbin: press of Harbin Engineering University, 2008.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of air cushion vehicle, can make the sidewall hovercraft of large-scale heavy duty.
For achieving the above object, a kind of air cushion vehicle of the present invention, it mainly comprises: driving compartment, hull, buoyancy tank, sidewall, apron, gas booster, propulsion equipment, fuel apparatus, control panel.
The total arrangement of a kind of air cushion vehicle of the present invention is: driving compartment is midway location above hull, and the buoyancy tank of flattened rectangular is horizontally set on the hull below; A sidewall is respectively arranged about hull; An apron is respectively arranged before and after the hull, fixing on hull and buoyancy tank respectively; Gas booster and part propulsion equipment are arranged on the hull, and another part propulsion equipment is arranged under water; Fuel apparatus is in the driving compartment left and right sides; Control panel is in driving compartment inside, and it comprises power supply and control circuit.
About gas booster comprises two, profile is long tubular, the vertical equity setting.
About propulsion equipment comprises two combustion chambers and about two sprinklers, profile is long tubular, the vertical equity setting.
Two acetylene gas generators and calcium carbide barrel about fuel apparatus comprises.
Hull comprises deck and dividing plate: the deck is that structure is used and the loading flat board, horizontal positioned, and portraitlandscape connects entirely, and driving compartment, fuel apparatus and cargo hold are set on the deck, and buoyancy tank, gas booster and propulsion equipment are set under the deck; Dividing plate comprises a plurality of risers, is positioned at up and down space, many places, deck, is divided into fore and aft diaphragm and lateral partitions, be used on the ship cabin and cut apart, and also be positioning parts such as gas booster, propulsion equipment, fuel apparatus, buoyancy tank, apron and sidewall and fixing usefulness.
By the position, back, its outside face was made of top board, four sides side plate and Si Mian lookout window in the middle of driving compartment was positioned on the deck, and wherein, the front of driving compartment is a stream line pattern bevelled Qian lookout window; The chaufeur actuation means is arranged in the driving compartment, comprise a gauge panel, several operating handle and control panel.
Buoyancy tank is the flat rectangular box of leak free, boxboard is a sheet metal, be provided with the next door that vertical and horizontal stand up in the casing, some sealed chambers will be told in the casing, at light materials such as indoor filled polystyrene of box sealing or polyurethane, the boxboard of buoyancy tank and the material in next door are selected the resistant to corrosion corrosion-resistant steel for use.
Sidewall comprises hull left and right sides sidewall, and two sidewall symmetries are identical, are rectangular plate shape, stand up, and are parallel with the hull line of centers; The inboard at sidewall middle part fixes with hull; The inboard of sidewall front and rear part, the end with stem apron and afterbody apron fixes respectively, bearing's sealing, air tight, water-tight; Sidewall length approximates ship length; The upper limb of sidewall, the upper limb of a little higher than stem apron and afterbody apron; The lower edge of sidewall is fixed on the upper surface of sprinkler; Sidewall is a metal sheet, and its material is selected the resistant to corrosion corrosion-resistant steel for use.
Apron comprises stem apron and afterbody apron, and two skirt structure are identical, strip, the cross section is an arc, be horizontally disposed with, it have up and down two limits and about two ends; The last side post of apron has some screw holes, it with hull between utilize screw to be connected; The following side post of apron has some screw holes, between it and the buoyancy tank, utilizes screw to connect; The end junction of two ends about apron is metal splints, and a side of metal splint is gripped the apron end clips, between opposite side and the sidewall, utilizes screw to connect; Along the apron total length,, the metallized air nozzle of a row is set near the bottom; Hovercraft skirt material is the textiles that is formed by syntheticfibress such as terylene or nylon braidings, and its tow sides are all coated poly-chloroprene rubber, wear-resisting and high resilience.
Gas booster comprises pneumatic tube and air pipe; One end nozzle of pneumatic tube is the admission port that opens wide, and a supply fan is arranged in the import; Inside again, an inlet valve is arranged, it is an electric butterfly valve; On the pneumatic tube outside face, acetylene air inlet pipe and firing unit are arranged; The terminal nozzle of pneumatic tube is an exhaust outlet, is used to discharge combustion gas waste gas, and a waste gate is arranged in the exhaust outlet, and it is an electric butterfly valve; Pneumatic tube is exported pressure gas by air pipe, and in air pipe, by a Non-return air valve, it guarantees gas in the air pipe, and to pumping chamber's nonreturn flow, it is a clamping plate type non-return valve by gas booster; Each parts of gas booster all require high temperature high voltage resistant, with the processing and manufacturing of high duty alloy steel.
Propulsion equipment is made up of combustion chamber and sprinkler.
Chamber configuration is the cylindrical shell of horizontal positioned, and the left end nozzle is an admission port, and a supply fan is arranged in the admission port; Inside again, an inlet valve is arranged, it is an electric butterfly valve; On the barrel outer surface, acetylene air inlet pipe, firing unit, Gas Pipe are arranged, Gas Pipe is exported high-pressure gas to sprinkler; Combustion chamber cylindrical shell right side nozzle is an exhaust outlet, is used to discharge combustion gas waste gas, and a waste gate is arranged in the exhaust outlet, and it is an electric butterfly valve.
The sprinkler profile is the cylindrical shell of horizontal positioned, and the left end nozzle is a water inlet, and an intake gate is arranged on the water inlet, and it is the clamping plate type check valve, and hydrostatic or counterflow hydrodynamic(al) are pressed, and its clamping plate level is closed up; Above the close water inlet of sprinkler cylindrical shell, be connected with Gas Pipe towards combustion chamber; The other end nozzle of sprinkler cylindrical shell is a water injector, outwards sprays water at a high speed, promotes boats and ships and advances.
Acetylene gas generator is made up of the calcium carbide jar and barrel two parts of getting angry; The calcium carbide jar is seated in barrel top of getting angry, the calcium carbide jar is the cylinder of placing vertically, the upper end of cylinder is charge door and charge door gland, the lower end of cylinder is a bevelled funnel, bell mouth is a discharging opening, discharging opening is by a valve partial occlusion, and valve can oscilaltion, and it is subjected to the control of pole, fulcrum and transportable weight; Get angry the bucket diameter more many greatly than the diameter of calcium carbide jar, getting angry in the bucket is the chamber of getting angry, the indoor bottom of getting angry is a water, and water accounts for the indoor space over half of getting angry, and on the staving of the bucket of getting angry coolant inlet pipe, drain pipe, safety valve, explosion door is arranged and has the freeing pipe of back fire suppressor; Get angry in barrel interior water,, a horizontally disposed material containing net is arranged near the bottom; Get angry on barrel outer wall, be provided with radiated rib, temperature sensor, level sensor, pressure sensor.
The structure of control circuit is: three grades of sequential timers, drive three magnetic force electric switches in order, inlet valve, waste gate, acetylene air inlet pipe and the firing unit of control control gas booster and propulsion equipment, adopt three 555 integrated circuit, produce three sequential pulses, the mouth of the 3rd 555 integrated circuit is received the trigger end of first 555 integrated circuit, realizes unstable state work.
Gas booster of the present invention integrates air compressor and calms the anger the function of main frame, and from the appearance, it has no similarity with the traditional air compressor and the main frame of calming the anger.Propulsion equipment of the present invention, integrate screw propeller and the function that advances main frame, from the appearance, it and traditional screw propeller have no similarity with advancing main frame, propulsion equipment is made up of combustion chamber and sprinkler, is the combustion gas hydraulic efficiency jet propulsion system, and the acetylene combustion blast produces high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas, promote water body and in the cylindrical shell of sprinkler level, quicken, and go out the interruption-forming high-speed water jets at sprinkler.
The main body of gas booster and propulsion equipment all is the pipe of equal length almost, along the hull direction, and the on even keel setting.The admission port of gas booster and propulsion equipment all is located at fore.
Apron of the present invention is stem apron and afterbody apron.The structure of stem apron and afterbody apron is the same with material, just is used in different position, front and back.Apron is the arc-shaped curved surface offset plate of strip, or is referred to as capsule, and four limits of apron all connect usefulness, is called side post, following side post and left and right end junction respectively.High pressure air in the pumping chamber, enter apron after, by apron air nozzle ejection, enter air chamber, or outwards overflow by the bottom of apron.Two ports about apron by the sealing of left and right sides sidewall, can not leak gas respectively.The apron air nozzle is a metallization air extractor duct, and it guarantees the periphery of air nozzle, can not tear owing to air pressure inside and extraneous scratching effect.
Fuel apparatus of the present invention comprises calcium carbide barrel and acetylene gas generator.
Calcium carbide barrel is the reducing valve calcium carbide barrel, and arc sealed between the ladle body and the bucket end, the bucket top in bung central authorities, has an one way pressure-reducing valve.When calcium carbide weathering in bucket, pressure height were set up numerical value to certain, gas was made progress packing ring jack-up by the reducing valve induction opening in the bucket, and one way pressure-reducing valve is opened, and unnecessary gas is drained by the reducing valve air gate.
Acetylene gas generator is made up of the calcium carbide jar and the bucket of getting angry, and the calcium carbide jar is seated in barrel top of getting angry.
The controlled discharging opening from the bottom of calcium carbide in the acetylene gas generator of a kind of air cushion vehicle of the present invention, calcium carbide jar tumbles downwards, falls into the water of the bucket of getting angry.In the bucket of getting angry, calcium carbide and water generation chemical reaction produce acetylene gas, from the freeing pipe output of the bucket of getting angry.This carbide to water generator, calcium carbide and water effect are more complete, calcium carbide effective rate of utilization height, the production efficiency height, gas forming amount is big.Calcium carbide in the calcium carbide jar is a granule spheroidal calcium carbide.
Control panel comprises control circuit and power supply, and control circuit is responsible for controlling the switching of each MOD, acetylene air inlet pipe and firing unit.Power supply is generator set and battery pack.
Propulsion equipment of the present invention combines marine main engine and propelling unit together, and it has the marine main engine function, but its inside is without any the mechanical part of motion; It has the effect of waterjet propulsor, but its inside does not have water jet pump.That the propulsion equipment that utilizes combustion gas water spray of the present invention has is light, high-power, the characteristics of high efficiency, high-speed, high reliability; Propulsion equipment of the present invention is simple in structure, the life-span is long, cost is low, noise is little.
Propulsion equipment of the present invention, basic process is:
The acetylene gas that acetylene gas generator is produced by back fire suppressor, through the acetylene valve, enters the propulsion equipment combustion chamber; In combustion chamber, acetylene becomes fire gases with air-blending, and is lighted by firing unit, and moment forms high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas; High-temperature high-pressure fuel gas enters water jet standpipe, the water body in the powerful extruding water jet standpipe, and the water body in the water jet standpipe constantly quickens, and is last, and formation high-speed jet water from water jet standpipe outlet ejection, utilizes the antagonistic force promotion air cushion vehicle of water spray to advance.Here will point out: the combustion gas of high pressure rapid expanding when the promotion water body flows in the pipeline of level, can not produce the phenomenon of lower leaf on the air water owing to difference of specific gravity.Experimental results show that: the combustion gas of expanding at a high speed, when the promotion water body flowed in the pipeline of level, combustion gas was vertical with sense of motion with the water contact interface.
Propulsion equipment of the present invention, concrete steps are:
1, in the calcium carbide jar of acetylene gas generator, the coccoid calcium carbide of can;
2, open the shutter and the exhaust door of propulsion equipment combustion chamber, shutter and exhaust door are closed in air intake fan blowing ventilation then;
3, the coccoid calcium carbide in the calcium carbide jar, from calcium carbide jar discharging opening, controlled downward landing, put into acetylene gas generator get angry the bucket water in;
4, the acetylene gas of acetylene gas generator production by back fire suppressor, through the acetylene valve, enters the combustion chamber of propulsion equipment;
5, in combustion chamber, acetylene becomes fire gases with air-blending, and is lighted by firing unit, and moment forms high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas, and enters water jet standpipe from combustion chamber.
6, propulsion equipment is gone up water immediately, the water spray pipeline section fills with water of propulsion equipment.
7, the water body that high-pressure gas promotes in the water jet standpipe constantly quickens, and finally forms high-velocity flow, from water jet standpipe outlet ejection.
Gas booster of the present invention combines the air compressor and the main frame of calming the anger together, its host function of calming the anger, but its inside is without any the mechanical part of motion; It has the effect of air compressor, but its inside does not have piston or impeller.That gas booster of the present invention has is light, high-power, the characteristics of high efficiency, high-speed, high reliability; Gas booster of the present invention is simple in structure, the life-span is long, cost is low, noise is little.
Gas booster of the present invention, basic process is:
The acetylene gas that acetylene gas generator is produced by back fire suppressor, through the acetylene valve, enters the gas booster combustion chamber; In combustion chamber, acetylene becomes fire gases with air-blending, and is lighted by firing unit, and moment forms high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas; High-temperature high-pressure fuel gas enters air pipe, the air in the powerful extruding air pipe, and the air in the air pipe is pressurized, at last, form high pressure gas, flow out from the air pipe outlet, enter into the space that forms by the deck of boat and apron, form air cushion, air cushion vehicle is lifted from the water surface.
Gas booster of the present invention, concrete steps are:
1, in the calcium carbide jar of acetylene gas generator, the coccoid calcium carbide of can;
2, open the shutter and the exhaust door of gas booster, shutter and exhaust door are closed in air intake fan blowing ventilation then;
3, the coccoid calcium carbide in the calcium carbide jar, from calcium carbide jar discharging opening, controlled downward landing, put into acetylene gas generator get angry the bucket water in;
4, the acetylene gas of acetylene gas generator production by back fire suppressor, through the acetylene valve, enters the combustion chamber of gas booster;
5, in combustion chamber, acetylene becomes fire gases with air-blending, and is lighted by firing unit, and moment forms high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas, and enters air pipe from combustion chamber.
6, the air that high-pressure gas promotes in the air pipe constantly pressurizes, and finally forms high pressure air, from air pipe outlet ejection, enters into the air cushion space.
Made of stones the getting of acetylene fuel electricity consumption aboard ship that propulsion equipment of the present invention and gas booster are used.
The high-quality calcium carbide of 1kg approximately can be produced the acetylene gas of 0.4kg.Under the normal pressure, in the time of 20 ℃, the density of acetylene gas is 1.17kg/m
3, the acetylene volume of 0.4kg is 0.342m
3The density of calcium carbide is 2220kg/m
3, 1kg calcium carbide volume is 0.00045m
3, the volume of the acetylene gas that the high-quality calcium carbide of 1kg is produced is 760 times of the own volume of 1kg calcium carbide.
1m
3The quality of high-quality calcium carbide is 2220kg, approximately can produce the acetylene gas of 888kg, and amounting to into volume is 759m
3The lower heat value of acetylene is 52700kJ/m
3, the lower heat value of fuel oil is 42000kJ/kg, i.e. 1m
3Acetylene gas is equivalent to the 1.25kg fuel oil.759m
3Acetylene gas be equivalent to the 949kg fuel oil.
The density of fuel oil is 800kg/m
3, the volume of 949kg fuel oil is 1.19m
3Be 1m
3The calorific value of high-quality calcium carbide is equivalent to 1.19m
3The calorific value of fuel oil.
The explant price of high-quality calcium carbide is about 3000 yuan per ton, amounts to every m
3Calcium carbide is 6660 yuan, 1.19m
3The petrol service station price of fuel oil is 7140 yuan.1.19m
3The quality of fuel oil is 952kg, 1m
3The quality of high-quality calcium carbide is 2220kg.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, air cushion vehicle of the present invention does not use petroleum fuel and biological fuel;
2, the acetylene fuel of air cushion vehicle of the present invention is produced by calcium carbide, and calcium carbide is to be raw material with lime and coke, produces through electro heat.So the production technology of the fuel of air cushion vehicle of the present invention is simple, raw material sources are extensive, low production cost.Acetylene fuel can extensively replace oil as marine fuel, helps ensureing national energy security;
3, air cushion vehicle overall structure of the present invention is simple, and fault rate is low, does not have heavy parts, and processing and manufacturing is easy, and cost is low, and operations and maintenance is convenient;
4, air cushion vehicle of the present invention does not have reciprocating member, and mechanical wear is little, vibrates for a short time, and the life-span is long, and is little to the noise pollution of environment.
5, the toxicity of acetylene gas is slight, and thorough, oxygen sulfur compound and particulate pollutant in the residues of combustion are few, help the protection of air environment rapidly for the aerial burning of acetylene.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall pattern of a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that the parts of a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention are provided with figure;
Fig. 3 is apron and the sidewall erection plan of a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the skirt structure figure of a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the gas booster constructional drawing of a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the gas booster fundamental diagram of a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the propulsion equipment constructional drawing of a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the propulsion equipment fundamental diagram of a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the control panel control circuit figure of a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the acetylene gas generator constructional drawing of a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 has provided the overall pattern of a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention.
The overall pattern of a kind of air cushion vehicle of the present invention, this is a lateral plan, it has represented driving compartment 5, acetylene gas generator 50, combustion chamber 30, pumping chamber 90, buoyancy tank 110, stem apron 70, afterbody apron 200 and sprinkler 180.
Acetylene by acetylene gas generator 50 produces as the fuel of a kind of air cushion vehicle of the present invention, is used to supply with the combustion chamber 30 of propulsion equipment and the pneumatic tube of gas booster.In the combustion chamber 30, the high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas that acetylene and air burning produce, high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas imports sprinkler 180, promote current flow at high speed in the sprinkler 180, and, utilize the water spray antagonistic force from sprinkler 180 outlets ejection backward at a high speed, promote air cushion vehicle and advance.
The effect of pumping chamber 90 is high pressure airs that gas booster is produced, import stem apron 70 and afterbody apron 200, after the air nozzle ejection of stem apron 70 and afterbody apron 200 bottoms, a part is to buoyancy tank 110 current downflow respectively for high pressure air, form air cushion, hold up air cushion vehicle; Another part outwards flows out from stem apron 70 and afterbody apron 200 bottoms respectively, makes between stem apron 70 and afterbody apron 200 bottoms and the water surface and forms air gap, to reduce friction.
The parts that Fig. 2 has provided a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention are provided with figure.
A kind of air cushion vehicle of the present invention, this figure are the front views of air cushion vehicle, and the parts setting that it provides comprises: driving compartment, pumping chamber 90, buoyancy tank 110, afterbody apron 200, acetylene gas generator 50, pneumatic tube 10, combustion chamber 30, sprinkler 180.
Acetylene gas generator, pneumatic tube, combustion chamber, sprinkler are symmetrical set, and are provided with the acetylene gas generator same with the right side, pneumatic tube, combustion chamber and sprinkler in the left side.Driving compartment is on hull top, and is placed in the middle; Acetylene gas generator is positioned at about driving compartment; Two pneumatic tubes and two combustion chambers are at grade, and are parallel with the hull direction, and two pneumatic tubes are in the centre, and two combustion chambers are in the outside; Two high pressure airs that pneumatic tube produces enter pumping chamber 90 by air pipe, enter afterbody apron 200 and stem apron at last; Two high-pressure gas that combustion chamber produces are supplied with left and right sides sprinkler respectively, are used to push away the water acting; The bottom surface of buoyancy tank 110 is than the bottom height of afterbody apron 200, and is jet downwards when afterbody apron 200 and stem apron, forms air cushion 110 times at buoyancy tank, and buoyancy tank 110 disengages with water.Left and right sides sprinkler is parallel with hull, is horizontally disposed with.The vertex of the outline line of left and right sides sprinkler, fair with the bottom of afterbody apron 200 and stem apron, to guarantee in the complete immersion water of left and right sides sprinkler energy.
Fig. 3 has provided apron and the sidewall erection plan of a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention.
This figure represents a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention, and its apron and sidewall are installed the details situation.The last side post 202 of afterbody apron 200 utilizes screw to be connected with 95 of hulls.Hull 95 comprises a deck and numerous dividing plate, and it connects all devices on the ships such as apron, acetylene gas generator, pneumatic tube, combustion chamber, sprinkler and sidewall.Between the following side post 204 and buoyancy tank 110 of afterbody apron 200, utilize screw to connect.The end junction 203 of afterbody apron 200 is metal splints, and afterbody apron 200 capsules are clamped on its one side, between another side and the sidewall 210, utilizes screw to connect.Sidewall 210 is oblong metal sheets that stand up, and it fixes with hull 95 and afterbody apron 200 respectively, and, seal between the two, air tight, do not intake.The length of sidewall 210 approximates ship length, highly a little higher than afterbody apron 200.The lower edge of sidewall 210 is the top of sprinkler 180 fixedly.The effect of sidewall 210: the one, prevent under the ship gas leakage of air-sprung side, the 2nd, block the end of afterbody apron 200, the 3rd, the fixing relative position of sprinkler 180 and hull 95.High pressure air in the pumping chamber 90, enter afterbody apron 200 after, by 205 ejections of apron air nozzle, enter air chamber, or outwards overflow by the bottom of apron.There are sidewall 210 sealings the end of afterbody apron 200, can not leak gas.
Above-mentioned is the sidewall of a side of air cushion vehicle, with afterbody apron 200, sprinkler 180 and hull 95 install and fix details mutually.Two identical sidewalls about air cushion vehicle has, respectively with hull 95, afterbody apron 200 and stem apron, and about two sprinklers install mutually and fix, detail is identical.
Fig. 4 has provided the skirt structure figure of a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention.
This picture be afterbody apron 200.On the last side post 202 of afterbody apron 200 some screw holes are arranged, it with hull between utilize screw to be connected; On the following side post 204 of afterbody apron 200 some screw holes are arranged, between it and the buoyancy tank, utilize screw to connect; The end junction 203 of afterbody apron 200 is metal splints, and afterbody apron 200 capsules are clamped on its one side, between another side and the sidewall, utilizes screw to connect.High pressure air in the pumping chamber, enter afterbody apron 200 after, air nozzle 205 ejections of the deflection hull inboard by being positioned at apron bottom enter air chamber, or outwards overflow by the bottom of apron.Two end constructions are identical about afterbody apron 200, and left and right sides sidewall sealing is arranged respectively, can not leak gas.The structure of stem apron and method of attachment are identical with afterbody apron 200.Hovercraft skirt material is the textiles that is formed by syntheticfibress such as terylene or nylon braidings, and its tow sides are all coated poly-chloroprene rubber, wear-resisting and high resilience.Apron air nozzle 205 is metallization air extractor ducts, guarantees the periphery of air nozzle, can be by air pressure inside and extraneous scratching effect and tear.
Fig. 5 has provided the gas booster constructional drawing of a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention.
Gas booster of the present invention comprises pneumatic tube 10 and air pipe 13, and an end nozzle of pneumatic tube 10 is the admission ports that open wide, and a supply fan 11 is arranged in the import; Inside again, an inlet valve 12 is arranged, it is an electric butterfly valve.On pneumatic tube 10 outside faces, acetylene air inlet pipe 18 and firing unit 19 are arranged.Pneumatic tube 10 connects air pipe 13, and air pipe 13 is to pumping chamber's 90 output pressure gass; Pumping chamber 90 bottoms are buoyancy tanks 110.Pneumatic tube 10 terminal nozzles are exhaust outlets, are used to discharge combustion gas waste gas, and a waste gate 16 is arranged in the exhaust outlet, and it is an electric butterfly valve.In air pipe 13, by a Non-return air valve 17, its guarantees gases in air pipe 13, by gas booster 10 to the pumping chamber 90 nonreturn floies, it is a clamping plate type non-return valve.Gas booster of the present invention is incorporate gas pressure device of air, utilizes the acetylene combustion blast to produce high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas, promotes air and pushes in the gas booster cylindrical shell, and export high pressure gas in the outlet of calming the anger of cylindrical shell.
Gas booster of the present invention also is a combustion chamber in essence.So, comprise each parts of gas booster cylindrical shell, intake and exhaust valve all requiring high temperature high voltage resistant, need with the processing and manufacturing of high duty alloy steel.
Fig. 6 has provided the gas booster fundamental diagram of a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention.
What 6-1 figure represented is that gas booster advances new gas waste discharge gas process.The left end nozzle of pneumatic tube 10 is admission ports, a supply fan 11 is arranged in running in the import, in the cylindrical shell of pneumatic tube 10, blows into fresh air; Inside again, an inlet valve 12 is arranged, it is an electric butterfly valve, it is in full-gear.On pneumatic tube 10 outside faces, acetylene air inlet pipe 18 is closed, firing unit 19 cuts out, air pipe 13 is closed, and air pipe 13 is outwards output not; The terminal exhaust outlet on pneumatic tube 10 right sides has a waste gate 16 in the exhaust outlet, it is an electric butterfly valve, is in full-gear.
What 6-2 figure represented is the acetylene process of injecting in gas booster.Inlet valve 12 in the pneumatic tube left end admission port, admission port, it is an electric butterfly valve, is in full-shut position.On the pneumatic tube outside face, firing unit cuts out, air pipe is closed, and air pipe is outwards output not; Waste gate 16 in the pneumatic tube end, exhaust outlet, it is an electric butterfly valve, is in full-shut position.Fuel gas acetylene is injected in 18 conductings of acetylene air inlet pipe in the pneumatic tube of gas booster, after acetylene reaches specified amount in entering cylindrical shell, stop acetylene and inject, and closes acetylene air inlet pipe 18.Said acetylene specified amount is to determine by following consideration: enter acetylene in the pneumatic tube, can make near near the acetylene air inlet pipe 18, promptly near near the waste gate 16, account for the gas in interior 1/4 space of cylindrical shell of pneumatic tube, the content of acetylene has reached the least concentration of combustion explosion.
6-3 figure expression be the gas booster igniting process of calming the anger.Inlet valve in the pneumatic tube left end admission port, import, it is an electric butterfly valve, is in full-shut position.Waste gate in the pneumatic tube barrel tip, exhaust outlet, it is an electric butterfly valve, is in full-shut position.Acetylene air inlet pipe 18 is in closed condition.Firing unit 19 on the cylindrical shell starts, the electro spark that produces, the air that accounts for 1/4 space in the pneumatic tube and the acetylene mixed combustible gas body of right-hand member in the pneumatic tube are lighted, combustion explosion takes place, produce high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas, the interior left end of extruding pneumatic tube, account for the air of the substantially pure in 3/4 space, left side in the pneumatic tube, and pass through air pipe 13 and externally export.
Return 6-1 figure, the process of calming the anger of a beginning new round.
Fig. 7 has provided the propulsion equipment constructional drawing of a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention.
Propulsion equipment of the present invention is made up of combustion chamber 30 and sprinkler 180.Combustion chamber 30 profiles are cylindrical shells of horizontal positioned, and the admission port that the left end nozzle is has a supply fan 31 in the import; Inside again, an inlet valve 32 is arranged, it is an electric butterfly valve.On the barrel outer surface, acetylene air inlet pipe 33, firing unit 34, Gas Pipe 37 are arranged, Gas Pipe 37 is to sprinkler 180 output high-pressure gas; Combustion chamber 30 cylindrical shell right end nozzles are exhaust outlets, are used to discharge combustion gas waste gas, and a waste gate 35 is arranged in the exhaust outlet, and it is an electric butterfly valve.
Sprinkler is the cylindrical shell of horizontal positioned, and the left end nozzle of cylindrical shell is a water inlet, and a unidirectional intake gate 36 is arranged on the water inlet, it is the clamping plate type check valve, hydrostatic or counterflow hydrodynamic(al) are pressed, and its clamping plate level is closed up, and extraneous water is subjected to resistance ground to flow into sprinkler hardly.Above the close water inlet of sprinkler cylindrical shell, be connected with the Gas Pipe 37 of leading to combustion chamber 30, gas fuel burning blast in combustion chamber 30, the high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas of generation, enter sprinkler by connecing Gas Pipe 37, the clamping plate type check valve of intake gate 36 is closed at once.Water body in the high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas extruding sprinkler cylindrical shell, motion to the right, and at a high speed by the water injector of terminal nozzle, outwards spray.
Propulsion equipment of the present invention is the combustion gas hydraulic efficiency jet propulsion system.Air cushion vehicle utilizes the acetylene combustion blast to produce high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas, acts on and goes up water or water tank water immediately, promotes water body and quickens in the cylindrical shell of level, and go out the interruption-forming high-speed water jets at water jet standpipe, utilizes the antagonistic force promotion hull of water spray to advance.
Fig. 8 has provided the propulsion equipment fundamental diagram of a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention.
8-1 figure expression be that the combustion chamber of propulsion equipment advances new gas waste discharge gas process.The left end nozzle of the cylindrical shell of the combustion chamber 30 of propulsion equipment is an admission port, a supply fan 31 is arranged in running in the import, in the combustion chamber cylindrical shell, blows into fresh air; Inside again, an inlet valve 32 is arranged, it is an electric butterfly valve, it is in full-gear.On the barrel outer surface, acetylene air inlet pipe 33 is closed, firing unit 34 cuts out; The terminal exhaust outlet on combustion chamber cylindrical shell right side has a waste gate 35 in the exhaust outlet, it is an electric butterfly valve, is in full-gear.
What 8-2 figure represented is the acetylene process of injecting in the combustion chamber that advances gas booster.Inlet valve 32 in the cylindrical shell left end admission port of combustion chamber 30, import, it is an electric butterfly valve, is in full-shut position.Firing unit on the cylindrical shell cuts out.Waste gate 35 in the combustion chamber 30 cylindrical shell right end, exhaust outlet, it is an electric butterfly valve, is in full-shut position.Fuel gas acetylene is injected in 33 conductings of acetylene air inlet pipe in combustion chamber 30, after acetylene reaches specified amount in entering cylindrical shell, stop acetylene and inject, and closes acetylene air inlet pipe 33.Said acetylene specified amount is to determine by following consideration: enter the acetylene in combustion chamber 30 cylindrical shells, the volume composition that accounts in combustion chamber 30 cylindrical shells is 9%, and the aerial content of acetylene reaches the optium concentration of combustion explosion.
What 8-3 figure represented is propulsion equipment igniting water spray process.Inlet valve in the combustion chamber cylindrical shell left end admission port of propulsion equipment, admission port, it is an electric butterfly valve, is in full-shut position.Waste gate in the propulsion equipment combustion chamber barrel tip, exhaust outlet, it is an electric butterfly valve, is in full-shut position.The acetylene air inlet pipe is in closed condition.Firing unit 34 on the combustion chamber cylindrical shell starts, and the electro spark of generation is lighted air in the combustion chamber cylindrical shell of propulsion equipment and acetylene mixed combustible gas body, combustion explosion takes place, produce high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas, the combustion gas extruding advances, by Gas Pipe 37, be transported to water jet standpipe 180.The interface of Gas Pipe 37 and water jet standpipe 180 is in close water jet standpipe water inlet, therefore, enter the high-pressure gas of water jet standpipe 180, close the intake gate of water jet standpipe 180 at once, the whole water bodys that promoting simultaneously in the water jet standpipe almost move to water injector, spray from water injector at a high speed at last.
Return 8-1 figure, the progradation of a beginning new round.
Fig. 9 has provided the control panel control circuit figure of a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention.
On a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention, the parts that need control are: the inlet valve of gas booster, waste gate, acetylene air inlet pipe, firing unit, the inlet valve of propulsion equipment, waste gate, acetylene air inlet pipe, firing unit.But four of gas booster from control and propulsion equipment four can synchronous working from control.Set: the inlet valve and the waste gate of gas booster and propulsion equipment open and close simultaneously, and the acetylene air inlet pipe of gas booster and propulsion equipment opens and closes simultaneously, and the firing unit of gas booster and propulsion equipment starts simultaneously.When some parts do not need work, can use switch, separately it is extractd from the control panel control circuit.
The control panel control circuit is to utilize three grades of sequential timers, drives three magnetic force electric switches in order, the device of four parts such as control inlet valve, waste gate, acetylene air inlet pipe, firing unit.Adopt three 555 integrated circuit, produce three sequential pulses, the mouth of the 3rd 555 integrated circuit is received the trigger end of first 555 integrated circuit, realizes unstable state work.
First 555 integrated circuit 120, its reset terminal (pin 4) and power end (pin 8) all directly and the V+ power supply join.The ground terminal of integrated circuit 120 (pin one) ground connection, control end 125 (pin 5) is by a capacity earth.The energizing signal of trigger end 122 (pin two) is from the output signal of the 3rd 555 integrated circuit 140, via the trigging pulse of resistance 121 and the generation of electric capacity 124 differential circuits.When trigger end 122 (pin two) is triggered, mouth (pin 3) output high level.The inner open circuit of discharge end 127 (pin 7), power supply V+ begin by timing resistor 128 to timing capacitor 129 chargings.Be charged to 2V+/3 o'clock on the timing capacitor 129, the threshold value comparator upset of threshold value end 126 (pin 6), timing capacitor 129 discharges into earth potential rapidly, and mouth is got back to low level.
Timing is about 1.1* timing resistor * timing capacitor.Timing resistor 128 is 2 megohms, and timing capacitor 129 is 0.5 Mfd Microfarads, and timing is about 1 second.The output signal of its mouth 123 is received the base stage of current amplifier tube 160 by resistance 162, in its collector loop, a magnetic force electric switch 161 is arranged, the electric actuator of the inlet valve of control gas booster and propulsion equipment and the electric actuator of waste gate, full admission door and waste gate are 1 second simultaneously, inside and outsidely promptly carried out gas exchange 1 second, promptly the in-to-in burnt gas is discharged in the atmosphere by waste gate; The extraneous ozone of relative flow head-on by inlet valve, enters into the inner space of gas booster and propulsion equipment.
Second 555 integrated circuit 130, the energizing signal of its trigger end 132 (pin two), from the output signal of first 555 integrated circuit 120, the trigging pulse that the differential circuit of forming via resistance and electric capacity produces.Timing was got 0.5 second.The mouth 133 of second 555 integrated circuit 130 is connected to an end of resistance 167, and the other end of resistance 167 is received the base stage of current amplifier tube 165, in its collector loop, a magnetic force electric switch 162 is arranged, be used to open the acetylene air inlet valve of gas booster and propulsion equipment, advanced acetylene gas 0.5 second.
The 3rd 555 integrated circuit 140, the energizing signal of its trigger end 142 (pin two), from the output signal of second 555 integrated circuit 130, the trigging pulse that the differential circuit of forming via resistance and electric capacity produces.Timing was got 1 second.The output signal of its mouth 143 is received the base stage of current amplifier tube 175 by resistance 177, in its collector loop, a magnetic force electric switch 172 controlling point firearms are arranged, light a fire by firing unit, light gas booster and propulsion equipment in-to-in acetylene fire gases, the burning of blasting property, the combustion gas of the inner moment generation of gas booster and propulsion equipment High Temperature High Pressure, the combustion gas of High Temperature High Pressure is carried out air compression and is promoted sprinkler water spray, cumulative hours 1 second.
Carry out above-mentioned three steps total and used 2.5 seconds, that is to say that cycle of operations of gas booster and propulsion equipment is 2.5 seconds.The timing resistor of above-mentioned three timer circuits and timing capacitor can change, and that is to say that the cycle of operations of gas booster and propulsion equipment can be regulated change.The control panel circuit of a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention, energising promptly starts.
Figure 10 has provided the acetylene gas generator constructional drawing of a kind of air cushion vehicle embodiment of the present invention.
The acetylene gas generator 50 of a kind of air cushion vehicle of the present invention, it is made up of the calcium carbide jar 52 and bucket 64 two parts of getting angry, and calcium carbide jar 52 is seated in bucket 64 tops of getting angry.
Bucket 64 bottoms at calcium carbide jar 52 of getting angry, bucket 64 the diameter of getting angry is more many greatly than the diameter of calcium carbide jar 52.The bucket of getting angry is the chamber of getting angry in 64, and the indoor bottom of getting angry is a water, and water accounts for the indoor space over half of getting angry.Getting angry has coolant inlet pipe 60, drain pipe 59 on bucket 64 the staving.Freeing pipe 54 is arranged at the top of staving, and back fire suppressor 53 is arranged on the freeing pipe 54.The top of staving also has a bigger explosion door 61, on the explosion door 61 rupture pressure disc is arranged, and when blast in bucket 64 inside of getting angry, blast breaks through rupture pressure disc, makes release rapidly in the bucket 64 of getting angry, and reaches the purpose of protecting the bucket 64 of getting angry.Get angry in the water of bucket in 64,, a horizontally disposed material containing net 58 is arranged near the bottom, its effect one is to hold coccoid calcium carbide, make fully contacting up and down of coccoid calcium carbide, thoroughly react generation acetylene with water, the 2nd, prevent that coccoid calcium carbide from falling to stopping up drain pipe 59.Coccoid calcium carbide accumulation on material containing net 58 is opened explosion door 61 more for a long time, manually removes.
The controlled discharging opening 62 from the bottom of calcium carbide in the calcium carbide jar 52 tumbles downwards, falls into the water of the bucket 64 of getting angry.In the bucket 64 of getting angry, calcium carbide and water generation chemical reaction produce acetylene gas, from freeing pipe 54 outputs of the bucket of getting angry.This carbide to water generator, calcium carbide and water effect are more complete, calcium carbide effective rate of utilization height, the production efficiency height, gas forming amount is big.Calcium carbide in the calcium carbide jar 52 is a granule spheroidal calcium carbide, and its diameter is 2～5mm.Calcium carbide and water reaction generate in the acetylene process release heat in water.According to relevant regulations, it is indoor to get angry, and the acetylene gas temperature must not surpass 90 ℃, and water temperature must not be above 60 ℃.So, on bucket 64 outer walls of getting angry of acetylene gas generator, be provided with the radiated rib of horizontal annular, a radiator fan, level blowing cooling.
On the acetylene gas generator outer wall, temperature sensor is set, in order to monitor the water temperature in the acetylene gas generator at any time; Level sensor is set, in order to monitor the height of the water surface in the acetylene gas generator at any time; Pressure sensor is set, in order to monitor the pressure in the acetylene gas generator at any time; Safety valve 65 is set, and its popping pressure is 150kPa, and when superpressure, safety valve is outwards exhaust step-down rapidly, and the acetylene of discharge is delivered to by pipeline in the atmosphere of outboard.
Claims (10)
1. air cushion vehicle, its structure comprises: hull, driving compartment, buoyancy tank, sidewall, apron, gas booster, propulsion equipment, fuel apparatus and control panel; Driving compartment is midway location above hull; The buoyancy tank of flattened rectangular is horizontally set on the hull below; A sidewall is respectively arranged about hull, an apron is respectively arranged before and after the hull, fixing on hull and buoyancy tank respectively; Gas booster and part propulsion equipment are arranged on the hull, and another part propulsion equipment is arranged under water; Fuel apparatus is in the driving compartment left and right sides; Control panel is in driving compartment inside, and it comprises power supply and control circuit; It is characterized in that:
(1) about described gas booster comprises two, profile is long tubular, the vertical equity setting;
(2) about described propulsion equipment comprises two combustion chambers and about two sprinklers, profile is long tubular, the vertical equity setting;
(3) two acetylene gas generators and calcium carbide barrel about described fuel apparatus comprises.
2. according to the described a kind of air cushion vehicle of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described hull comprises deck and dividing plate: the deck is that structure is used and the loading flat board, horizontal positioned, and portraitlandscape connects entirely, and driving compartment, fuel apparatus and cargo hold are set on the deck, and buoyancy tank, gas booster and propulsion equipment are set under the deck; Dividing plate comprises a plurality of risers, is positioned at up and down space, many places, deck, is divided into fore and aft diaphragm and lateral partitions, be used on the ship cabin and cut apart, and also be positioning parts such as gas booster, propulsion equipment, fuel apparatus, buoyancy tank, apron and sidewall and fixing usefulness.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described a kind of air cushion vehicles, it is characterized in that:
Described driving compartment, by the position, back, its outside face was made of top board, four sides side plate and Si Mian lookout window in the middle of it was positioned on the deck, and wherein, the front of driving compartment is a stream line pattern bevelled Qian lookout window; The chaufeur actuation means is arranged in the driving compartment, comprise a gauge panel, several operating handle and control panel.
4. according to claim 1 or 2 described a kind of air cushion vehicles, it is characterized in that:
Described buoyancy tank is the flat rectangular box of leak free, boxboard is a sheet metal, be provided with the next door that vertical and horizontal stand up in the casing, some sealed chambers will be told in the casing, at light materials such as indoor filled polystyrene of box sealing or polyurethane, the boxboard of buoyancy tank and the material in next door are selected the resistant to corrosion corrosion-resistant steel for use.
5. according to claim 1 or 2 described a kind of air cushion vehicles, it is characterized in that:
Described sidewall comprises hull left and right sides sidewall, and two sidewall symmetries are identical, are rectangular plate shape, stand up, and are parallel with the hull line of centers; The inboard at sidewall middle part fixes with hull; The inboard of sidewall front and rear part, the end with stem apron and afterbody apron fixes respectively, bearing's sealing, air tight, water-tight; Sidewall length approximates ship length; The upper limb of sidewall, the upper limb of a little higher than stem apron and afterbody apron; The lower edge of sidewall is fixed on the upper surface of sprinkler; Sidewall is a metal sheet, and its material is selected the resistant to corrosion corrosion-resistant steel for use.
6. according to claim 1 or 2 described a kind of air cushion vehicles, it is characterized in that:
Described apron comprises stem apron and afterbody apron, and two skirt structure are identical, strip, the cross section is an arc, be horizontally disposed with, it have up and down two limits and about two ends; The last side post of apron has some screw holes, it with hull between utilize screw to be connected; The following side post of apron has some screw holes, between it and the buoyancy tank, utilizes screw to connect; The end junction of two ends about apron is metal splints, and a side of metal splint is gripped the apron end clips, between opposite side and the sidewall, utilizes screw to connect; Along the apron total length,, the metallized air nozzle of a row is set near the bottom; Hovercraft skirt material is the textiles that is formed by syntheticfibress such as terylene or nylon braidings, and its tow sides are all coated poly-chloroprene rubber, wear-resisting and high resilience.
7. according to claim 1 or 2 described a kind of air cushion vehicles, it is characterized in that:
Described gas booster comprises pneumatic tube and air pipe: an end nozzle of pneumatic tube is an admission port, and supply fan is arranged in the admission port; Inside again, inlet valve is arranged, it is an electric butterfly valve; On the pneumatic tube outside face, acetylene air inlet pipe and firing unit are arranged; Pneumatic tube other end nozzle is an exhaust outlet, and discharging combustion gas waste gas has waste gate in the exhaust outlet, and it is an electric butterfly valve; Pneumatic tube is exported pressure gas by air pipe, in air pipe, a Non-return air valve is arranged, and it is a clamping plate type non-return valve; Each parts of gas booster all require high temperature high voltage resistant, with the processing and manufacturing of high duty alloy steel.
8. according to claim 1 or 2 described a kind of air cushion vehicles, it is characterized in that:
Described propulsion equipment is made up of combustion chamber and sprinkler:
Chamber configuration is the cylindrical shell of horizontal positioned, and its an end nozzle is an admission port, and supply fan is arranged in the admission port; Inside again, inlet valve is arranged, it is an electric butterfly valve; On the barrel outer surface, acetylene air inlet pipe, firing unit, Gas Pipe are arranged, Gas Pipe output high-pressure gas is to sprinkler; Combustion chamber cylindrical shell other end nozzle is an exhaust outlet, and discharging combustion gas waste gas has waste gate in the exhaust outlet, and it is an electric butterfly valve;
The sprinkler profile is the cylindrical shell of horizontal positioned, and its an end nozzle is a water inlet, and intake gate is arranged on the water inlet, and it is the clamping plate type check valve, and hydrostatic or counterflow hydrodynamic(al) are pressed, and its clamping plate level is closed up; Above the close water inlet of sprinkler cylindrical shell, be connected with Gas Pipe towards combustion chamber; The other end nozzle of sprinkler cylindrical shell is a water injector, outwards sprays water at a high speed, promotes boats and ships and advances.
9. according to the described a kind of air cushion vehicle of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described acetylene gas generator is made up of the calcium carbide jar and barrel two parts of getting angry:
The calcium carbide jar is seated in barrel top of getting angry, the calcium carbide jar is the cylinder of placing vertically, the upper end of cylinder is charge door and charge door gland, the lower end of cylinder is a bevelled funnel, bell mouth is a discharging opening, discharging opening is by a valve partial occlusion, and valve can oscilaltion, and it is subjected to the control of pole, fulcrum and transportable weight;
Get angry the bucket diameter more many greatly than the diameter of calcium carbide jar, getting angry in the bucket is the chamber of getting angry, and the indoor bottom of getting angry is a water, and water accounts for the indoor space over half of getting angry, get angry the bucket staving on coolant inlet pipe, drain pipe, safety valve, explosion door, freeing pipe are arranged, back fire suppressor is arranged on the freeing pipe; Get angry in barrel interior water,, a horizontally disposed material containing net is arranged near the bottom; Get angry on barrel outer wall, be provided with radiated rib, temperature sensor, level sensor, pressure sensor.
10. according to the described a kind of air cushion vehicle of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described control circuit, its structure is: three grades of sequential timers, drive three magnetic force electric switches in order, inlet valve, waste gate, acetylene air inlet pipe and the firing unit of control gas booster and propulsion equipment, adopt three 555 integrated circuit, produce three sequential pulses, the mouth of the 3rd 555 integrated circuit is received the trigger end of first 555 integrated circuit, realizes unstable state work;
First 555 integrated circuit, its reset terminal and power end all directly and the V+ power supply join, ground terminal ground connection, control end passes through capacity earth, the energizing signal of trigger end, output signal from the 3rd 555 integrated circuit, trigging pulse via the differential circuit generation, timing is about 1.1* timing resistor * timing capacitor, timing resistor is 2 megohms, and timing capacitor is 0.5 Mfd Microfarads, and timing is about 1 second, the output signal of mouth is received the base stage of current amplifier tube by resistance, in its collector loop, the magnetic force electric switch is arranged, the electric actuator of the inlet valve of control gas booster and propulsion equipment and the electric actuator of waste gate, full admission door and waste gate are 1 second simultaneously, the in-to-in burnt gas is discharged in the atmosphere by waste gate, extraneous ozone, by inlet valve, enter into the inner space of gas booster and propulsion equipment;
Second 555 integrated circuit, the energizing signal of its trigger end, from the output signal of first 555 integrated circuit, through the trigging pulse that differential circuit produces, timing was got 0.5 second, the mouth of second 555 integrated circuit, receive the base stage of current amplifier tube by resistance, in its collector loop, the magnetic force electric switch is arranged, be used to open the acetylene air inlet valve of gas booster and propulsion equipment, advanced acetylene gas 0.5 second;
The 3rd 555 integrated circuit, the energizing signal of its trigger end, output signal from second 555 integrated circuit, trigging pulse via the differential circuit generation, timing was got 1 second, the output signal of its mouth is received the base stage of current amplifier tube by resistance, in its collector loop, the magnetic force electric switch is arranged, the firing unit of control gas booster and propulsion equipment, light a fire by firing unit, light gas booster and propulsion equipment in-to-in acetylene fire gases, the burning of blasting property, the combustion gas of the inner moment generation of gas booster and propulsion equipment High Temperature High Pressure, the combustion gas of High Temperature High Pressure is carried out air compression and is promoted sprinkler water spray, cumulative hours 1 second.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101793334A CN102029999A (en) | 2009-09-27 | 2009-09-27 | Hovercraft |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101793334A CN102029999A (en) | 2009-09-27 | 2009-09-27 | Hovercraft |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102029999A true CN102029999A (en) | 2011-04-27 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101793334A Pending CN102029999A (en) | 2009-09-27 | 2009-09-27 | Hovercraft |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN102029999A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106114800A (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2016-11-16 | 大连海事大学 | A kind of three-body type green yacht of pneumatic water filling jet propulsion |
| CN108891570A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-27 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of ship's propeller using calcium carbide |
| CN110437768A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-11-12 | 天津市橡胶工业研究所有限公司 | A kind of skirt of hovercraft adhesive plaster adhesive and preparation method thereof |
-
2009
- 2009-09-27 CN CN2009101793334A patent/CN102029999A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106114800A (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2016-11-16 | 大连海事大学 | A kind of three-body type green yacht of pneumatic water filling jet propulsion |
| CN106114800B (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2018-02-23 | 江苏海事职业技术学院 | A kind of three-body type green yacht of pneumatic water filling jet propulsion |
| CN108891570A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-27 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of ship's propeller using calcium carbide |
| CN110437768A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-11-12 | 天津市橡胶工业研究所有限公司 | A kind of skirt of hovercraft adhesive plaster adhesive and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20110427 |