RU2285636C2 - Gas and water ramjet propeller - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding; manufacture of propellers for small-displacement ships.

SUBSTANCE: proposed gas and water ramjet propeller has profiled water inlet duct with inlet and outlet diffuser holes, gas supply passage, cylindrical insert in passage located behind inlet diffuser and device for supply of air and for increase of its velocity mounted in body of gas supply passage; it includes at least two convergent nozzles which are hermetically interconnected. Each nozzle is coaxially inserted into other nozzle forming cavity (or cavities) in between them. One cavity is provided with air ionization units for ionization of air and for motion of air in accelerator at ejection of air from external medium through inlet hole. Inlet valves mounted on wall of said cavity are used for delivery of air to cavity. At least one cavity is communicated with air supply and suction units for control of propeller power. At least one cavity is provided with pressure sensors. Inlet and exit nozzles are provided with flow rate sensors feeding information to propeller control unit.

EFFECT: reduced consumption of fuel; increased ship's speed; enhanced efficiency of propeller.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to shipbuilding, and in particular to movers of ships and other boats of relatively small displacement.

Known direct-flow gas-jet propulsion device containing a profiled water intake channel with an inlet diffuser hole, a cylindrical insert in the channel, an outlet diffuser hole, a gas supply path and a device for supplying and increasing air velocity in the propulsion device [1]. Adopted as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype are low efficiency, the inability to reduce consumption and the necessary supply of transportable fuel, a relatively small propulsion efficiency.

Known hydroreactive pulsating propulsion of the vessel, which consists of a water flow channel with an inlet pipe, outlet nozzle, gas generators placed inside the channel in several rows along its entire length, while the moving parts of the generators are kinematically connected to the control mechanisms of the propulsion [2].

The disadvantages of the analogue are the complexity and lack of reliability of the design, high fuel consumption, low efficiency.

The technical result of the invention is improving the efficiency of the propulsion device, namely, reducing the consumption and necessary fuel reserves, increasing the speed and efficiency of the propulsion device, reducing the cost of operation.

The technical result is achieved by using a device consisting of a profiled water intake channel with an inlet and outlet diffuser, a gas supply path, a cylindrical insert in the channel, which is located behind the inlet diffuser, as well as a device for supplying and increasing the air velocity (accelerator) located in the housing gas supply path, which includes at least two tapering nozzles, hermetically connected to each other, with each nozzle coaxially inserted into the next path air movement has a nozzle with the formation of cavities or cavities between the nozzles. Additionally, the device, at least one cavity is equipped with means of ionization of the air, providing ionization of the air in the cavity and its movement in the accelerator with ejection of air from the external environment through the inlet. At the same time, inlet valves are also placed on its wall for supplying air into the cavity. In addition, at least one cavity is in communication with air supply and suction devices inside these cavities to adjust the power of the propulsion device. In addition, pressure sensors are located in the cavity or in the cavities, and air flow rate sensors are located on the inlet and outlet nozzles with the output of information to the propulsion unit control unit.

The scheme of the invention is shown in figure 1, figure 2 - accelerator air flow.

The ramjet engine (Fig. 1) includes: 1 - a profiled water intake channel, 2 - an inlet diffuser hole, 3 - an outlet diffuser hole, 4 - a cylindrical insert, 5 - a gas supply path, 6 - an air flow accelerator.

The device for supplying and increasing the air velocity (FIG. 2) comprises a coaxially tapering nozzle 7 with an inlet section 8 and a critical section 9, a tapering nozzle 10 with a critical section 11 and a cavity 12 between these nozzles. In the cavity 12 placed means of ionization of air 13, the inlet valves 15 on the wall 14 of the cavity. Next, in the direction of air movement, there is a tapering nozzle 16 with a critical section 17 and a tapering nozzle 18 with a critical section 19 and an outlet tapering nozzle 20. There is a cavity 12 between the nozzles 7 and 10, a cavity 21 between the nozzles 10 and 16. The nozzles 7 and 10, as well as 10 and 16, 16 and 18 are interconnected hermetically. To the cavities 12, 21 and 22 are connected the device 23 of the suction and air supply inside these cavities. Pressure sensors in the cavities and speed sensors in the inlet and outlet, as well as the control unit for the operation of the mover in the figures are not shown.

The device operates as follows. Turns on the water supply to the intake channel through the hole 2. In the area of the cylindrical insert 4, which follows the inlet diffuser, air flows from the accelerator 5 through the gas supply path. When mixed with water, the air expands and accelerates the resulting mixture, which is pushed through the outlet 3, creating traction force of the vessel.

The accelerator essentially increases the energy of air taken from the environment, which is subsequently transferred to the working fluid (air-water mixture). In the idle state, the accelerator is filled with air. To start the accelerator, air is ionized in the cavity 12 using one or more ionization means 13 located in the cavity. In this case, the intake valves 15 are closed. The means of ionization can be electrodes deposited on the inner surface of the wall of the cavity, connected to the poles of an electric current voltage source, or magnetic strips. The ionization means can also be a source of an artificial stream of elementary particles with energies in the range from 10 eV to 1.2 * 10 ⁴⁵ eV or deposited on the walls of the cavity of the coating containing radioactive elements. Ionization is carried out, for example, by excitation in air in the cavity of an electric discharge by an alternating electric and / or magnetic field or by introducing into the catalyst cavity an ionization process (inert gas (e.g. argon), elements of the fourth group of the periodic table of chemical elements (e.g. carbon)) and etc. As a result of ionization, air molecules (nitrogen and oxygen) are partially destroyed with the release of a large amount of heat and kinetic energy [3]. The flow of gas expanded in the cavity 12 flies out to the central axis of the device, entraining (ejecting) air from the external medium through the inlet 8. After that, the valves 15 open and air 12 is supplied or injected from the external medium or from a source of compressed air. After that, the valves close. The frequency of such operations (pulsations) is regulated and can be high enough to provide a quasi-continuous nature of the work. When the velocity of the gas flow coming from the cavity 12, taking into account the air ejected from the external environment (through the nozzle 7) between sections 11 and 17, is sufficient to eject the air from the cavity 21, some rarefaction will occur in the latter. It will increase the pressure drop between sections 8 and 17 and thereby increase the flow rate and air flow through the inlet 8. This in turn will increase the vacuum of the cavity 21. Such processes will continue until the vacuum in the cavity ceases to increase. . Two outcomes are possible here. First, when the magnitude of the vacuum in the cavity 21 is not controlled, the flow rate will be greatest at the technically possible degree of vacuum (due to self-vacuum [4]). The second outcome, when, on the contrary, the vacuum is assigned and maintained artificially in the cavity 21, the flow rate will be controllable. After establishing a constant air flow rate at the accelerator outlet, the ripple frequency is gradually reduced until it is completely turned off. The accelerator begins to work only due to the suction of air from the external medium into the nozzle 21 by the vacuum of this cavity. After the pulsation ceases, a vacuum also appears in the cavity 12. With further self-evacuation of the cavities 12, 21, and 22, a stable supersonic air flow arises in the output nozzle 20.

The speed (power) of the flow at the exit of the mover at a constant speed of water supply in real time is controlled by controlling the vacuum in the cavities 12, 21 and 22. For this, devices 23 are provided for suctioning air from the cavities, if necessary, increasing the speed and air supply in the cavities to reduce the flow rate. Adjusting the power of the flow at the output of the mover can be carried out by changing the frequency of the pulsations of the processes in the cavity 12. To control the operation of the installation, the readings of pressure sensors located in the cavities, sensors of the flow velocity at the inlet and outlet of the installation, as well as the readings of the devices 23 supplied to the control unit his work.

The considered mode of operation of the amplifier is not the only one. A variant of the work is possible in which the injection and ionization of air in the cavity 12 are performed continuously. In this case, the energy released during the decomposition of air atoms in the cavity will complement, enhance the energy effect of air movement in the accelerator obtained from the evacuation of cavities 21 and 23.

The energy costs for the propulsion are relatively small. It is spent on accelerating the air inside the accelerator to a predetermined speed, on ionizing the air in the cavity 12. In addition, energy is spent on the operation of the opening and closing mechanisms of the valves 15. Maintaining the set speed of the jet at the engine outlet is carried out mainly due to the vacuum in the accelerator cavities . Suction or air supply into evacuated cavities having small volumes, the supply of measuring equipment and the engine operation control unit will require relatively small energy costs.

Thus, the use of the invention will significantly increase the efficiency of gas-water engines, including for high-speed vessels, in the first place, to reduce the specific weight and size characteristics of the power plant, consumption and necessary fuel reserves, reduce the cost of operation, and carry more payload.

Information sources

1. M.A. Mavlyudov, A.A. Rusetskiy, Yu.M. Sadovnikov, E.A. Fisher. Movers of high-speed vessels. - L .: Shipbuilding, 1982. - 280 p.

2. RF patent No. 2025572, cl. 7 F 02 K 11/00, 60 V 1/14, publ. 12/23/1991.

3. E.I. Andreev, O.A. Klyucharev, A.P. Smirnov, R.A. Davydenko. Natural energy. - St. Petersburg: Nestor, 2000 .-- 122 s.

4. Patent WO 03/025379, cl. 7 F 02 K 7/00, publ. 03/27/2003.

Claims (2)

1. In-line gas-jet propulsion device containing a profiled water intake channel with an inlet and outlet diffuser, a gas supply path, a cylindrical insert in the channel located behind the inlet diffuser, into which air is supplied through the gas supply path, and a device for supplying and increasing the air velocity located in the housing gas supply path and comprising at least two tapering nozzles hermetically connected to each other, with each nozzle coaxially inserted into the next downstream air nozzle with the formation between the nozzles of the cavity or cavities, characterized in that at least one cavity is equipped with means of ionization of air, providing ionization of air in the cavity and its movement in the accelerator with ejection of air from the external environment through the inlet, while in the said cavity inlet valves are placed on its wall for supplying air into the cavity, and at least one cavity is in communication with air supply and suction devices for adjusting the power of the propulsion device. 2. The direct-flow gas-jet propulsion device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one cavity contains pressure sensors, and on the inlet and outlet nozzles there are flow rate sensors with the output of information to the propulsion unit control unit.

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