RU2340781C2 - Ice combustion control system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: ice combustion control system incorporates at least one cylinder with a piston, a fuel-air mix feed system and that intensifying combustion in the cylinder combustion chamber. Note here that every cylinder is furnished with a magnetic field source arranged at its top part to swirl the combustion products in the cylinder. Note that the aforesaid magnetic field source can represent a circular magnet fitted in the cylinder wall, or a toroidal electromagnet arranged aligned with the cylinder, or several electromagnets arranged radially to the cylinder and connected to electric power source via a control circuit to switch on the said magnets in turn. The fuel-air mix system can be furnished with at least one circular magnet arranged in the plate perpendicular to that of the circular magnet fitted in the cylinders.

EFFECT: reduced exhaust gas toxicity, increased completeness of combustion with no extra costs.

5 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, and more particularly to internal combustion engines, to methods and devices for intensifying fuel combustion in internal combustion engines (ICE). The problem of reducing exhaust toxicity is directly related to the efficiency of combustion of the air-fuel mixture (FA) in the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine. Improving the degree of combustion of fuel assemblies by intensifying engine operation will reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases and improve the purity of atmospheric air.

There are various ways of intensifying the operation of the internal combustion engine, the essence of which is reduced to adjusting the working process: mixture composition, ignition timing, compression ratio, valve shutoff, number of candles, etc. The problem is that when designing a modern internal combustion engine, all these methods are taken into account at the same time, and thus further improvement of the internal combustion engine to increase the completeness of combustion and reduce the emission of toxic substances is practically exhausted (book by V. A. Zvonov, Toxicity of an internal combustion engine ”, M., Engineering , 1981, p. 80 ... 91). The use of catalysts in the exhaust system can significantly reduce the emission of toxic substances, but leads to a decrease in its economy. Almost all methods for intensifying the mixing of the air-fuel mixture at the same time worsen the economic performance of ICE.

The most common methods and devices for improving the preparation of fuel assemblies by injecting fuel through a nozzle with an electromagnetic valve into the air stream and mixing certain proportions of fuel and air in a prechamber in front of the engine intake valve followed by fuel assembly injection through the intake valve into the engine chambers (book by A.R. Spinova " Injection systems for gasoline engines ", M., 1994). Due to the presence of an on-board computer, toxicity sensors, fuel and air consumption, temperature, the method allows to intensify the operation of the internal combustion engine and reduce fuel consumption and exhaust gas toxicity of the internal combustion engine. The disadvantage of the analogue is the imperfection of the technology for mixing fuel assemblies and its ignition by the existing electric spark method in the combustion chambers of the engine.

Known methods and devices for intensifying the operation of internal combustion engines by modernizing methods and devices for electric spark ignition of fuel assemblies in chambers (article "A flame will ignite from a spark", authors - Yu. Soloviev, L. Golovanov, "Autoreview". 1996, No. 17). The essence of the proposals boils down to the modernization of electric spark plugs by changing their designs, the technology of spraying wear-resistant coatings on them. The advantages of the new electric candle with one central electrode, proposed by the Swedish company SAAB, are to increase the service life of such electric candles, improve the ignition process of fuel assemblies in the combustion chambers of the engine. Their disadvantages are the insufficient intensification of the process of ignition and combustion of fuel assemblies in the chambers when implementing known methods of electric spark ignition of a mixture from existing electric ignition systems, based on the receipt of high-voltage voltage pulses of short duration using the self-induction effect when switching current in an induction ignition coil, due to the short lifetime of the spark limited by the electromagnetic time constant of the existing inductive ignition coil and due to the lack of tviya operations preformed FA to the best combustion chambers of the engine (no operation air ozonation, electrostatic spraying fuel into the combustion chamber, electric-afterburning of unburned fuel assembly component in the exhaust stroke).

There is a method and device for intensifying the operation of a gasoline internal combustion engine by injecting fuel through special nozzles directly into the combustion engines of the internal combustion engine at the moment of the highest air compression in the corresponding combustion chamber, followed by electric spark ignition of the fuel assemblies from conventional electric spark plugs (M. Kadakov’s article “New Mitsubishi engine in” Autoreview ". 1996, No. 2). Intensification of the internal combustion engine is achieved by improving the atomization and mixing of fuel with air, increasing the compression ratio of the mixture to 12: 1, due to the cooling of ear when injecting fuel, eliminating the effect of detonation. In fact, a gasoline quasidiesel has been developed and tested. Experiments have confirmed an increase in the power of such an engine by 10%, a reduction in toxicity of exhaust gases by 30-90% for individual components, the ability to work on lean fuel assemblies, which will further improve the ecology engine when driving in the city.

The disadvantages of the proposed method and device are the complexity of the design of the internal combustion engine (difficulties constructive placement of high-pressure nozzles in the internal combustion engine chambers, which requires a change in the design of the engine) and the imperfection of the method of ignition of the fuel assembly by the conventional electric spark method, which does not ensure complete combustion of the mixture in the cameras, especially at high speeds engine.

A known fuel supply system with an electronic control device for internal combustion engines, comprising an internal combustion engine with combustion chambers, pistons, intake and exhaust valves, including a fuel-air mixture preparation system and fuel injection into the combustion chambers with fuel and oxidizer feed regulators, an electrospark ignition system for a fuel-air mixture, consisting of a high voltage voltage converter, a distributor of high voltage pulses with the corresponding regulator ignition and electric candles according to the number of combustion chambers, sensors of fuel and oxidizer consumption, their temperature, engine speed, exhaust gas toxicity, as well as a logically functional mode optimizer connected to the output regulators of fuel and oxidizer supply, their temperature, engine speed, exhaust gas toxicity , as well as a logically functional mode optimizer, connected at the output to the fuel and oxidizer feed regulators, to the ignition timing controller, and at the input to the outputs of the specified US Pat. No. 4,596,220, F02D 43/00, 1986. From this source of information, there is also known a method for intensifying the operation of ICEs by preparing an air-fuel mixture, injecting fuel, igniting and burning.

A known method and device for intensification and control of the combustion process in the internal combustion engine according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2153814, a prototype, by exposure to a strong electric field on the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine cylinders.

The disadvantage of this device and method is the lack of effectiveness of the electric field on combustion, the completeness of combustion and the emission of toxic substances in the products of combustion. In addition, the creation of powerful fields will require powerful energy sources with a capacity of more than 5 kW and is unsafe to operate.

The aim of the invention is the intensification of the combustion process, increasing the completeness of combustion, reducing the emission of toxic substances without energy or at low cost.

The solution to this problem was achieved in a method for controlling combustion of an internal combustion engine by intensifying the mixing of combustion products in a combustion chamber in that the mixing of combustion products is intensified by the action of a magnetic field on the combustion products inside the combustion chamber. The impact is carried out by a rotating magnetic field. Before exposure to a magnetic field, a magnetic field is applied to the air-fuel mixture. Before exposure to the combustion products of a magnetic field, the magnetic field is applied to the air-fuel mixture in a plane perpendicular to the plane of impact on the combustion products.

The solution to this problem was achieved in the combustion engine control system, comprising at least one cylinder with a piston, a fuel-air mixture supply system and a fuel-air mixture combustion intensification system in a cylinder combustion chamber, characterized in that each cylinder is equipped with a magnetic field source installed in its top part. The magnetic field source is made in the form of an annular, permanent magnet. The magnetic field source is made in the form of an electromagnet of a torroidal shape mounted coaxially to the cylinder. The magnetic field source is made in the form of several electromagnets arranged radially with respect to the cylinder and connected to the electric power source through a switchgear configured to turn them on alternately. At least one annular permanent magnet in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the annular magnet installed in the cylinders can be installed in the air-fuel mixture supply system.

The proposed technical solution has novelty, inventive step and industrial applicability. The novelty is confirmed by patent research, the inventive step of obtaining a significant reduction in the toxicity of combustion products without additional energy costs or with low energy costs.

The invention is illustrated in figure 1 ... 6, where

figure 1 shows the first embodiment of the device;

figure 2 and 3 shows the design of a four-cylinder internal combustion engine with ring permanent magnets;

figure 4 - design of a four-cylinder internal combustion engine with radial electromagnets;

figure 5 shows a variant of the device with ring electromagnets;

figure 6 shows a variant of the device with radial electromagnets.

A device for implementing the method (Fig. 1) in the simplest embodiment, using the example of a single-cylinder internal combustion engine (Fig. 1), contains at least one cylinder 1 with a piston 2, which is mounted on the connecting rod 3 and has piston rings 4. An exhaust valve is installed in the upper part of the cylinder 5 and the spark plug 6. There is also a fuel-air mixture supply system 7. Inside the cylinder 1, in its upper part, an annular magnet 8 is coaxially mounted to it. An additional annular magnet 9 is also installed in the fuel-air mixture supply system 7 in a plane perpendicular ring magnet plane 8. Inside the cylinder 1 is formed vortex 10.

Figure 2 and 3 shows an embodiment of a device based on a four-cylinder internal combustion engine with permanent ring magnets 8 embedded in the walls of each cylinder 1 in its upper part. Figure 4 shows a similar variant with several radial electromagnets 8 located around each cylinder in its upper part.

Figure 5 shows a diagram of an internal combustion engine with a torroidal electromagnet 11 mounted coaxially with a cylinder 1 in its upper part, which is connected by wires 12 through a switch 13 and a current regulator 14 to an electric power source 15.

Figure 6 shows a diagram of an internal combustion engine with several electromagnets 16 mounted radially with respect to cylinder 1 and connected by wires 12 through a distributor 17 to an electric power source 15, such as a battery or generator.

During operation, the combustion products inside the cylinder 1, containing a certain amount of ions and electrically charged particles, are exposed to the magnetic field created by the ring magnet 8 and twists along the axis of the cylinder 1, i.e. a vortex is formed, the axis of which coincides with the axis of cylinder 1. This leads to an intensification of combustion and a decrease in the toxicity of exhaust gases. Moreover, when using a permanent magnet circuit, energy consumption is not required, and the energy consumption by electromagnets is 1% of the rated motor power, and its power increase is 10 ... 14%. If an additional ring magnet 8 is installed, then the air-fuel mixture is twisted in a plane perpendicular to the plane in which the vortex 10 is formed, as a result, the vortex 10 will be twisted simultaneously in two planes, which further intensifies combustion.

The use of a torroidal electromagnet 10 (Fig. 5) will increase the power of the magnetic field and control it, for example, by including it in the right time period, i.e. at the time of ignition of the air-fuel mixture.

The use of several electromagnets 11 (Fig.6) will create a rotating magnetic field and more effectively control the process of intensification of the combustion process. Tests conducted on fuel consumption on VAZ 2106 and VAZ 21103 cars showed fuel savings of 10 to 15%.

The application of the invention allowed:

1. To increase the completeness of fuel combustion by 10 ... 15%.

2. To reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases by 30 ... 70%.

3. Reduce fuel consumption by 10 ... 15%.

4. To reduce the detonation during fuel combustion in the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine cylinders.

5. Use low-octane fuel for internal combustion engines without additives and without changing the ignition and gas distribution system adjustments.

6. Reduce energy consumption to ensure low exhaust emissions.

7. To control combustion in the ICE cylinders by applying a rotating field, adjusting its intensity, power, rotation speed, turning on the magnetic field at the right time and turning it off, at a time when its action is not effective.

8. Extremely simplify the design of the device to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases and the intensification of the combustion process compared to the prototype and other known devices.

9. Ensure the safety of the internal combustion engine, eliminating the use of high voltage.

Claims (5)

1. The combustion control system in the internal combustion engine, comprising at least one cylinder with a piston, a fuel-air mixture supply system and a fuel-air mixture combustion intensification system in a cylinder combustion chamber, characterized in that each cylinder is equipped with a magnetic field source installed in its upper part with the possibility of twisting the combustion products in the cylinder. 2. The combustion control system in the internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic field source is made in the form of an annular magnet embedded in the cylinder wall or several radial magnets. 3. The combustion control system in the internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic field source is made in the form of a toroidal electromagnet mounted coaxially to the cylinder. 4. The combustion control system in the internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic field source is made in the form of several electromagnets arranged radially with respect to the cylinder and connected to the electric power source through a switchgear configured to turn them on alternately. 5. The combustion control system in the internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one ring magnet is installed in the fuel-air mixture supply system in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the ring magnet installed in the cylinders.

Images