RU2337128C1 - Fuel for sports cars - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: fuel contains, wt %: isooctane - 1-35, motor oil for two-stroke engine - 0.05-0.5, high-octane oxygenate - 10-30, aromatic hydrocarbons - 10-45, isomerizate - up to 25, alkylate - up to 10, and catalytic reforming gasoline - to 100. As aromatic hydrocarbons the fuel preferably contains C₇-C₉ aromatic hydrocarbons fraction; as high-octane oxygenate, C₅-C₆ dialkyl ether or its mix with C₁-C₅ aliphatic alcohols. The fuel also contains motor oil for two-stroke engine having maximum viscosity 11 mm²/sec at 100°C. In some cases the fuel may contain up to 1.5 wt % N-methyl aniline.

EFFECT: antiknock quality increase without applying lead and other metal-based additives; increase in combustion speed and purity; decrease in deposit formation on cylinders, pistons, and spark-plugs.

5 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to oil refining, as well as to the automotive industry, specifically to the composition of gasoline intended for use as fuel in sports cars.

The sports car’s engine operates in forced mode, therefore, the fuel used in such a car has strict requirements for knock resistance, its uniform distribution over fractions, fractional composition of the fuel and density. Wrong fuel selection can quickly disable expensive sports equipment. The fuel used, its quality and composition are a direct indicator of the level of development of the country's oil refining industry and the level of compliance with international quality standards.

To increase the detonation resistance of automotive fuel, various octane enhancing additives are introduced into its composition. For example, a fuel composition for internal combustion engines based on hydrocarbon fuels is known, containing 0-6.0 wt.% Methyl tert-butyl ether, 0-0.55 wt.% N-methylaniline and 0.001-0.018 wt.% α-hydroxypropylferrocene. (RF patent No. 2061736, C10L 1/18, 1996)

The disadvantage of this fuel composition is the relatively low antiknock resistance, the octane rating is not higher than 98.

Known unleaded aviation gasoline with an octane rating of at least 130 (grade on a rich mixture) containing 85-92 vol.% Alkylate, 4-10 vol.% Dialkyl ether C ₅ -C ₆ , 0-10 vol.% Hydrocarbon, narrowing the limits boiling gasoline, for example, toluene, and 66-158 mg / l methylcyclopentadienyltricarbonyl manganese.

(EPO Patent No. 0609089, C10L 1/06, 1996)

However, a large amount of manganese contained in this gasoline (> 66 mg / l) leads to the formation of deposits of manganese oxidation products on the spark plugs and “poisons” the catalytic converter (converter) of exhaust gases that modern cars are equipped with.

Known fuel composition with an octane number of at least 98, containing at least 30 vol.% Isooctane or triptan, 5-40 vol.% Isopentane, 0.1-3 vol.% Butane, 5-30 vol.% Toluene and 0-15 vol.% methyl tert-butyl ether.

(PCT Application No. 98/22556, C10L 1/06, 1997)

However, the components and additives included in the composition of these fuel compositions do not provide the required combination of antiknock, evaporative, and other important properties for sports car fuels.

Closest to the claimed gasoline is for racing cars, containing up to 40 wt.% Alkylate, 2-45 wt.% Isomerizate, 5-45 wt.% Aromatic hydrocarbons C ₇ -C ₉ , up to 30 wt.% Oxygenates, 0-25 wt.% N-methylaniline, 0-100 mg / kg ferrocene additives (calculated on iron) and gasoline catalytic reforming.

(RF patent No. 2259387, C10L 1/4, 2005)

The disadvantage of this gasoline is the impossibility of achieving high octane numbers (> 100 IM) without the use of metal-containing additives, the presence of which leads to the "poisoning" of the catalytic exhaust gas converters that modern sports cars are equipped with.

The present invention is the development of fuel for modern sports cars with high knock resistance without the use of metal-containing additives.

To solve this problem, fuel for sports cars is proposed, including catalytic reforming gasoline, high-octane oxygenate, aromatic hydrocarbons, which is characterized in that it additionally contains isooctane, engine oil for two-stroke engines and, if necessary, alkylate and isomerizate in the following ratio of components, wt.% :

Isooctane 1-35 Engine oil for two stroke engines 0.05-0.5 High octane oxygenate 10-30 Aromatic hydrocarbons 10-45 Isomerizate up to 25 Alkylate to 10 Catalytic Reform Gasoline up to 100

Moreover, the fuel contains C ₅ -C ₆ dialkyl ether or its mixture with C ₁ -C ₅ aliphatic alcohols as a high-octane oxygenate, and a C ₇ -C ₉ aromatic hydrocarbon fraction as aromatic hydrocarbons. The fuel also contains motor oil for two-stroke engines with a viscosity of not more than 11 mm ² / s at 100 ° C. Fuel in some cases may contain up to 1.5 wt.% N-methylaniline.

When producing fuel for sports cars with an octane rating of no higher than 100 MI, it is advisable to use alkylate and isomerizate in its composition, while reducing the content of expensive high-octane additives, for example methyl tert-butyl ether.

Table 1 shows the characteristics of the components used to prepare samples of the proposed fuel. All components are commercial products.

High-octane oxygenate is a dialkyl ether selected from methyl tert-butyl, ethyl tert-butyl, methyl tert-amyl or diisopropyl ethers, or a mixture thereof with C ₁ -C ₅ aliphatic alcohols. The use of other high-octane oxygenates in the fuel composition allows to obtain similar results.

As motor oil for two-stroke engines, Spectrol Biker type oil is used according to TU 025305206913380-2005 or another oil with a viscosity of not more than 11 mm ² / s at 100 ° C.

Alkylate is a product of catalytic and thermal cracking fractions of isobutane butane-butylene and propane-propylene fractions, containing saturated hydrocarbon isostructure, including 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, 2,2,3-trimethylpentane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane) and other isomers of heptane, octane and higher molecular weight homologs.

Isomerizate is a product of the catalytic isomerization of n-pentane and n-hexane.

The proposed fuel for sports cars is prepared by mixing the components in the above ratios at room temperature in a container with a mixing device. The composition of the prepared samples of the proposed fuel and their characteristics are shown in table 2.

The above examples confirm that the proposed fuel composition has the required combination of physicochemical and operational properties: high anti-knock resistance, the required vapor pressure and density, which allows it to be used as fuel for modern sports cars without the use of metal-containing additives.

The fuel possessing such characteristics provides a quick start of the engine and the most efficient use of the power of a sports car engine operating in forced mode.

Table 1 Characteristics of the components of the proposed fuel Sports Car Fuel Components Indicators Density at 20 ° С, kg / m ³ Boiling point temperature, ° С Research Octane Motor Octane Isooctane 692 90 one hundred one hundred Motor oil for two-stroke engines with a viscosity at 100 ° C of not more than 11 mm ² / s no higher than 900 - - - Methyl tert-butyl ether 754 54-55 114-116 101 Isopropyl alcohol 785 82 117 95 Aromatic hydrocarbon fraction C ₇ -C ₉ no higher than 880 110-180 115-120 98-103 Isomerizate not lower than 650 30-85 83-86 81-84 Alkylate not lower than 690 30-190 91-96 90-94 Catalytic Reform Gasoline no higher than 770 30-215 96-99 84-90

table 2 The composition of the samples of the proposed fuel for sports cars and their characteristics Fuel Components and Performance The composition of the samples of the proposed fuel, wt.%, And values Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 Isooctane one 8 eighteen 17 26 32,5 Motor oil 0.05 0.15 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 Methyl tert-butyl ether fifteen 19 twenty twenty twenty 29th Isopropyl alcohol 3,5 - - - - - Toluene 10 28 thirty 38 45 25 Isomerizate 22 10 8 5 2,5 - Alkylate 7 5.5 2 2 - - N-methylaniline 1,0 - - - 1,0 - Catalytic Reform Gasoline Rest Rest Rest Rest Rest Rest Density at 15 ° С, kg / m ³ 758 768 766 774 777 772 Research Octane 100.3 101.5 102 103 106 109 Motor Octane 88.7 88.9 89 89.2 94 95 Fractional composition: boiling volume,% - at 70 ° C 31 25 22 22 twenty thirty - at 100 ° C 53 40 48 46 45 60 end of boiling, ° С 211 210 210 212 212 110 Raid saturated vapor pressure, kPa 70.8 57.0 54.5 52.0 fifty fifty The concentration of actual resins, mg / cm ³ 1,2 1.4 1.3 1,6 1,0 1,0 Mass fraction of oxygen, wt.% 3,7 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 5.3

Claims (5)

1. Fuel for sports cars, including catalytic reforming gasoline, high-octane oxygenate, aromatic hydrocarbons, characterized in that it additionally contains isooctane and motor oil for two-stroke engines and, if necessary, alkylate and isomerizate in the following ratio, wt.%: isooctane 1-35 two-stroke engine oil 0.05-0.5 high octane oxygenate 10-30 aromatic hydrocarbons 10-45 isomerizate up to 25 alkylate to 10 catalytic reforming gasoline up to 100. 2. The fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that as a motor oil for two-stroke engines contains oil with a viscosity at 100 ° C of not more than 11 mm ² / s. 3. The fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that, as a high-octane oxygenate, it contains C ₅ -C ₆ dialkyl ether or a mixture thereof with C ₁ -C ₅ aliphatic alcohols. 4. The fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that as aromatic hydrocarbons contains a fraction of aromatic hydrocarbons With ₇ -C ₉ . 5. The fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains N-methylaniline up to 1.5 wt.%.