RU2336427C1 - Ice rotor engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ICE rotor engines. Rotor engine has housing with cylindrical chamber end face covers and cylindrical rotor. Housing is furnished with intake and exhaust holes. Rotor is rigidly fixed with shaft. It is furnished with two grooves arranged opposite to each other to house moon-like swinging piston with larger diameter plate in gear mesh with housing inner surface accommodating two separation ledges to form tight suck-in and running chambers together with housing, swinging pistons and housing inner surface. One of separation ledges is furnished with hole housing con-rod for it to radially translate to change compression chamber volume. Intake and exhaust holes are arranged opposite con-rod on both sides of separation ledge. Inner surface of each end face cover has bypass lengthwise channel. Sealing plates are arranged between the end face covers and the rotor, moon-like swinging pistons are furnished with sealing half-rings.

EFFECT: simpler design, smaller sizes, higher engine efficiency.

2 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to rotary internal combustion engines (ICE) and can be used on vehicles, propeller aircraft, helicopters.

Known rotary internal combustion engine (US, No. 544245, class F02B 53/00, publ. 1970), comprising a housing with a cylindrical cavity in which a rotor is located, having dividing plates, by which due to the displacement of the axis of rotation of the rotor relative to the geometric center of the cylindrical cavity the body when the rotor rotates, the working volumes necessary for the formation and flow of thermodynamic cycles of the rotary ICE are formed. When the rotor rotates due to the movement of the separation plates along the radius of the rotor at variable distances from the center of the rotor, the center of mass of rotation of the rotor with the separation plates shifts, which leads to increased loads on the rotor rotation bearing units, which, in turn, limits revolutions and, as a result, specific power of ICE.

The well-known Belashov universal engine (RU, No. 2126093, IPC F02В 69/02, publ. 1997.10.06) containing a crank mechanism, a power system, an ignition system, a mixture formation system and a piston with a combustion chamber, a piston head and a system located in the cylinder regulation of the volume and compression of the air and gaseous mixture. The piston head is made in the form of a cylinder with a cover. Inside the piston head there is a candle, a nozzle, a bypass switching device, an intake and exhaust valve, which interacts with the inner surface of the piston combustion chamber, made in the form of a glass. Between the cylinder of the block and the piston head there is an additional chamber, a system for regulating the volume and compression of the working mixture, which is connected with the additional chamber. The presence of a large number of parts complicates the design of this engine.

Known ICE (RU No. 2269661, F02D 53/02 IPC, publ. 2006.02.10), which contains an elliptical combustion chamber with parallel end walls and a piston triangular rotor. The presence of a forced injection of a combustible mixture requires additional devices, complicates the design. When the triangular rotor rotates, the center of mass is displaced, which leads to unbalancing of the engine and limiting its speed.

The closest technical solution for the constructive implementation and the achieved result is to balance the nodes, increase the engine speed and, as a result, increase the efficiency, is the internal combustion engine AMSuvorova, improved by eliminating the displacement of the center of mass of rotation of the rotor (RU, No. 2084659, IPC F02B 53/00, publ. 1997.07.02), comprising a body with a cylindrical cavity, a cylindrical rotor having flat platforms located on the surface of the rotor parallel to the axis of rotation, pairwise symmetrical to each other, and also times elitelnye plates forming the volume of working and compression ring with a comma bypass ports. When the rotor rotates between the housing, the rotor, the separation plates and the separation rings, two variable compression volumes and working volumes are formed. The presence of separate volumes of working and compression leads to an increase in the size of the engine, and the rotor design allows compressing the fuel mixture by no more than 12 times, which requires the use of low-octane fuels. The presence of dividing plates having an external drive from the camshaft complicates the design.

The objective of the invention is to simplify the design, reduce the size and weight of the engine by eliminating the external kinematic connection, expand the applicable brands of fuel, due to the possibility of changing the degree of compression of the fuel mixture in the working volume, increasing efficiency, achieved by the balance of the moving engine elements.

The problem is solved in that the rotary internal combustion engine comprising a housing with a cylindrical cavity with inlet and outlet openings, end caps, a cylindrical rotor rigidly connected to the shaft, according to the invention, has a rotor with two grooves made one against the other on the external surfaces with the possibility of placing a month-shaped rolling piston in each of them with a larger diameter disk mounted on it, having gear coupling with the inner surface of the housing, on the inside On the upper surface of which two separation protrusions are diametrically arranged to form sealed suction and working volumes together with the rotor, rolling pistons and the inner surface of the housing, an opening is made in one of the separation protrusions, in which the rod is placed with the possibility of radial movement to change the compression volume, in an inlet and an outlet are made on the opposite side of the rod on both sides of the separation protrusion; on the inner surface of each end cover, longitudinal longitudinal channel; sealing plates are placed between the end caps and the rotor.

When rolling along the internal cavity of the housing, the pistons, bending around the separating protrusions, due to their monthly shape, form a small volume of the combustion chamber, which leads to an increase in the compression ratio of the combustible mixture. The implementation of the kinematic (gear) connection of the pistons with the inner surface of the housing eliminates the complex system of external kinematic communication inherent in the prototype.

The invention is illustrated by schematic drawings, where

figure 1 presents a cross section of a rotary engine.

Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section of a rotary engine.

Figure 3 shows a drawing of an engine without end caps and sealing plates.

Figure 4 presents a drawing of the end caps of the engine.

Figure 5 shows a drawing of the sealing plates: A is a front view, B is a side view.

Figure 6 presents the O-ring of the month-shaped piston, a perspective view.

Figure 7 shows a diagram of the position of the pistons at the time of formation of the compression and ignition volume (marked with an asterisk) of the combustible mixture.

On Fig presents a diagram of the position of the pistons at the time of the maximum degree of compression and ignition (marked with an asterisk) of the combustible mixture.

Figure 9 shows a diagram of the position of the pistons during the expansion of the combustible mixture after ignition.

Figure 10 presents a diagram of the position of the pistons in the process of the engine performing work with the simultaneous emission of exhaust gases.

The engine comprises a housing 1 (FIGS. 1, 2, 3), in which a cylindrical cavity with dividing protrusions 2, 3, inlet and outlet channels 4, 5 for injecting a combustible mixture and exhaust gas are made. The cylindrical housing 1 has end caps 6 and 7 (Fig. 4) with selected bypass channels 8 that allow more complete use of fuel energy through which the shaft of the engine 9 passes, mounted in bearings 10, 11. The rotor 12 with the rotor 12 is fixed on the shaft ( at least one) two or more curved cavities in which (at least one) month-shaped rolling pistons 13 and 14 are located, which are balanced relative to the centers of rotation. On the opposite sides of the pistons 13, 14, disks 15 and 16 are fixed with a diameter larger than the diameter of the pistons 13, 14, which have gear clutch 17 with the inner surface of the housing 1 (Fig. 3). The disks 15, 16 are placed in the grooves of the sealing plates 18, 19 (Fig. 4) and are rigidly fixed to the opposite ends of the rotor 12. Through holes 20, 21 are made in the sealing plates 18, 19.

To seal the working volumes of the internal combustion engine used sealing half rings 22, placed in the grooves 23 (figure 2), made in the pistons 13, 14 and respectively spring-loaded (not shown in the drawing).

ICE rotor 12, sealing plates 18, 19 and shaft 9 by means of fasteners form a rigid structure.

In the separating protrusion 3, a groove 24 is made, in which a movable rod 25 is placed with the possibility of changing its extension height to control the compression ratio of the combustible mixture depending on the fuel used (gas, gasoline with different octane numbers, diesel fuel).

In the wall of the housing 1 of the engine, in the expansion zone of the combustible mixture, a channel 26 is made for pumping coolant.

When the rotor 12 rotates inside the housing 1, thermodynamic processes occur, shown in Fig.7-10.

The housing 1, the rotor 12 and the separation protrusions 2, 3 together with the month-shaped pistons 13, 14 form the volumes of absorption and compression of the working mixture.

When the starter (not shown) rotates the rotor 12, due to the gear engagement 17 of the disks 15, 16 with the inner surface of the housing 1, the monthly-shaped pistons 13, 14 are rotated around their axis and move around the circumference in the cylindrical cavity of the housing 1, while creating rarefaction occurs the absorption of the combustible mixture through the inlet channel 4 and at the same time the compression of the combustible mixture (Fig.7).

The coupling of the inner surfaces of the rolling pistons 13, 14 with the surfaces of the separation protrusions 2, 3 is ensured by the ratio of the radius R of the inner cylindrical cavity of the housing 1 and the radius r of the disks 15, 16 (Fig. 3).

In this case, the trajectory of the points of a circle of radius r, rolling without sliding inside another with a radius R, is described by the system of equations:

where angle a is the angle of rotation of the generating circle (see, for example, M.Ya. Vygodsky, “Handbook of Higher Mathematics”, Publishing House “Science”, Moscow, 1973, p. 811). When the radius ratio is 2: 1, the points of the circle rolling without sliding inside the other circle move along the trajectory corresponding to the diameter of the larger circle, therefore, when the rotor 12 is rotated 360 degrees, the rolling pistons 13, 14 rotate twice around their axis and roll onto the separation protrusions 2, 3 with their concave parts.

Pistons 13, 14, rolling on the separation protrusion 3, compress the fuel mixture as much as possible. At this moment, or ahead of it, the mixture ignites (marked with an asterisk) from the spark plug in a gasoline engine or due to an increase in temperature in the working volume in a diesel engine (Fig. 8). When thermodynamic expansion of the working fluid in the chamber formed by the pistons 13, 14 and the separation protrusion 3, the formation of torque (Fig.9). As the rotor 12 rotates, volumes of an expanding working fluid are formed between the separation protrusion 3 and the pistons 13, 14, as well as between the cavity of the pistons 13, 14 and the rotor 12 (Fig. 10), which communicate with each other through the bypass channels 8 of the end caps 6, 7 creating pressure on the rolling pistons 13, 14. Simultaneously with the working stroke of the pistons 13, 14, exhaust gases are exhausted through the exhaust channel 5. Since the volume formed in the chamber formed by the rolling pistons 13, 14 when rolling them onto the separation protrusion 3, more than 20 times the volume expansion, a high compression ratio of the combustible mixture is achieved.

By moving the rod 25 in the groove 24 of the separating protrusion 3, the compression of the working mixture is regulated and thereby the possibility of using fuel of various grades, which is not typical for known analogues. Since the reciprocating movements of the individual engine elements inherent in the prototype are replaced by rotational movements of the rolling pistons 13, 14, balancing of all moving elements is ensured and, therefore, the restriction on the rotor speed is eliminated, which allows to increase the efficiency of the rotary engine.

Claims (2)

1. A rotary internal combustion engine comprising a housing with a cylindrical cavity in which the inlet and outlet openings, end caps, a cylindrical rotor rigidly connected to the shaft, characterized in that the rotor has two grooves made one against the other on the outer surface , with the possibility of placing a month-shaped rolling piston in each of them with a larger diameter disc mounted on it, having gear engagement with the inner surface of the housing, on the inner surface of which two separating protrusions are arranged diametrically for forming sealed suction and working volumes together with the rotor, rolling pistons and the inner surface of the housing, an opening is made in one of the separating protrusions, in which the rod is placed with the possibility of radial movement to change the compression volume, the inlet and outlet openings made opposite the rod on both sides of the dividing protrusion, on the inner surface of each end cap is made a bypass longitudinal channel between the end face Sealing plates are placed on the cover and rotor. 2. The rotary engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the monthly-shaped rolling pistons are equipped with sealing half rings.

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