RU2527808C2 - Rotary internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to propulsion engineering. Proposed engine comprises cylindrical housing confined by side covers at its ends. Hollow rotor is arranged inside said housing equipped with radial vane and circular flanges. Said vane is oriented in rotor rotational axis aligned with the housing lengthwise axis. Circular flanges divide the housing inner space into combustible mix chamber and working chamber. Combustible mix chamber is divided by the rotor radial vane and separation plate into suction and compression chambers. Working chamber is divided by radial vane and separation plate into expansion and exhaust chambers. Engine comprises compressed combustible mix chamber, combustion chamber, intake and discharge channels. Compressed combustible mix chamber and combustion chamber are arranged outside the housing and communicated via bypass device. The latter is controlled so that it opens when radial vane does not extend beyond the outlet channel mouth to allow purging the combustion chamber by combustion mix. Bypass device is shutoff when radial van extends beyond the outlet channel mouth.

EFFECT: simplified design, decreased specific fuel consumption.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of engine building and may find application in the transport and other industries.

Known rotary internal combustion engine (RF patent No. 2416031, IPC F02B 53/08, published on 04/10/2011), adopted as the closest analogue, comprising a housing, side covers, a hollow rotor with a radial blade, a combustion chamber, a prepress chamber, dividing plates and inlet and outlet openings.

The combustion chamber and the prepress chamber are located outside the body cavity. The prepress chamber is connected to the combustion chamber through a bypass valve. The rotor is made with annular flanges dividing the inner cylindrical cavity of the housing into a fuel mixture section and a working section. The fuel mixture section is divided by the radial rotor blade into suction and compression volumes. The working section is divided by a radial blade into the expansion volume and the output volume. One separation plate is installed in the combustion chamber, and the second in the prepress chamber.

Dividing plates are made in the form of pistons. The surface of each dividing plate-piston, which is in constant contact with the rotor under the action of excessive pressure in the chambers, is profiled to ensure the raising and lowering of the plate-piston during the passage of the radial blade without losing contact with its surface. The inlet is made in the piston plate made in the prepress chamber, and the outlet is made in the piston plate located in the combustion chamber. An additional channel is made in the body of each piston plate through which the combustion chamber communicates with the expansion volume and the compression cavity with the prepress volume, and the last channel is equipped with a check valve.

The disadvantages of a rotary engine include:

- low compression pressure of the combustible mixture at the time of its ignition and a small degree of expansion of the combustion products, which reduce the useful work of the engine, thermal efficiency of heat conversion into mechanical work and increase specific fuel consumption;

- the presence of inlet and outlet channels in the moving separation plates, requiring the presence of seals for them, which complicates the design of a rotary internal combustion engine.

The invention solves the problem of reducing specific fuel consumption by providing the possibility of preliminary increase in compression of the combustible mixture and regulating its supply to the combustion chamber, as well as simplifying the design of the engine by changing the location of the inlet and outlet channels.

To obtain the required technical result in a rotary internal combustion engine containing a body with a cylindrical shape limited to the ends by the side covers, a hollow rotor installed in the body volume, made with a radial blade oriented along its axis of rotation, coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the body, and ring flanges that divide the internal volume of the housing into a section of the combustible mixture, divided by the radial rotor blade and the separation plate into the suction and compression volume, and working with a section separated by a radial blade and a separation plate into the expansion volume and the exhaust volume, the compressed combustible mixture chamber and the combustion chamber located outside the body volume and communicating by the bypass device, the inlet and outlet channels, it is proposed to make the bypass device controlled so that the bypass device opens, when the radial blade has not yet gone beyond the mouth of the outlet channel, which provides purging with a combustible mixture of the combustion chamber, and closing the bypass device It came when the radial blade extends beyond the mouth of the outlet channel.

The graphic materials attached to the description show:

figure 1 - sectional rotary internal combustion engine;

figure 2 - seals of a sectional rotary internal combustion engine;

figure 3 is a graph of the relative pressure of the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber Pcm / [Pcm] on the relative volume Vcm / Vks;

figure 4 - the main processes of the working cycle of the proposed sectional rotary internal combustion engine.

In figure 1 and figure 2 the following notation:

1 - rotor;

2 - case;

3 - cover;

4 - chamber of a compressed combustible mixture;

5 - controlled bypass device;

6 - combustion chamber;

7 - a piston ring;

8 - volume of expansion of the working section;

9 - channel for the intake of a combustible mixture;

10 - exhaust gas channel;

11 - dividing plate section of the combustible mixture;

12 - dividing plate of the working section;

13 - section of the combustible mixture;

14 - radial blade on the rotor of the section of the combustible mixture;

15 - working section;

16 - radial blade on the rotor of the working section;

17 - the suction volume of the section of the combustible mixture;

18 is the compression volume of the combustible mixture section;

19 - dowel sealing;

20 - exhaust gas volume of the working section;

21 - check valve;

22 - channel bypass;

23 - ignition device;

24 - mouth channel output;

25 - drive controlled bypass device, such as a cam or other control means.

In figure 3, the following notation:

Pcm is the residual pressure in the chamber 4 of the compressed combustible mixture.

[Pcm] - the maximum allowable pressure of a compressed combustible mixture;

Vcm is the volume of the chamber of the compressed combustible mixture;

Vx is the volume of the combustion chamber.

In figure 4, the following notation.

Combustible mixture section:

a-k - compression of the combustible mixture in a volume of 18 compression section of the combustible mixture;

k-s - compressing the combustible mixture in a total volume V _Σ, an equal volume of the compression section 18 of the combustible mixture and the chambers 4 of the compressed combustible mixture;

cd — isobaric process in volume V _∑ until the opening of the controlled bypass device 5;

d-e is the process of expiration of the combustible mixture from the chamber 4 of the compressed combustible mixture into the combustion chamber 6;

e-k - isobaric process in the volume of 18 compression sections of the combustible mixture;

R _D is the pressure at which detonation occurs in the chamber 4 of the combustible mixture;

[Pcm] - the maximum allowable pressure of a compressed combustible mixture;

Pcm is the residual pressure in the chamber 4 of the compressed combustible mixture.

Work Section:

f-g - filling the combustion chamber 6 with a combustible mixture;

g-h - expansion of the combustible mixture after closing the controlled bypass device 5;

h-z is the process of combustion of a combustible mixture;

z-b is the process of expansion of the combustion products in the working section 15;

V ₂ / V ₁ - the degree of expansion of the combustion products in the working section 15.

(V ₁ is the total volume of the combustion chamber 6 Vx and volume 8 of the expansion of the working section at the time of ignition of the combustible mixture; V _{2 is} the same at the end of the expansion of the combustion products).

The proposed sectional rotary internal combustion engine comprises a housing 2 with a cylindrical volume. In the volume of the housing 2, rotor 1 is mounted on two angular contact bearings. The annular flanges divide the rotor surface in length into two sections and create two sections in the internal cylindrical volume of the housing: a section of a combustible mixture 13 (gasoline-air or combustible gas and air) and a working section 15. The rotor is common for 2 sections, made hollow and with radial blades 14, 16 on the outer surface, located respectively in each section, oriented along the axis of rotation of the rotor. The axis of rotation of the rotor 1 is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the housing 2. The radial blade 14 divides the section of the combustible mixture 13 into the suction volume 17 and the compression volume 18. The working section 15 is divided by a radial blade 16 into an expansion volume 8 and an exhaust volume 20. To ensure the tightness of the sections and engine volumes, flanges are made with grooves in which piston rings are installed 7. On the upper cylindrical surface of the radial blades 14, 16 grooves are made in which sealing keys 19 are installed.

The chamber of the compressed combustible mixture 4 and the combustion chamber 6 are located outside the housing. To ensure the manufacturability of the design and simplify the assembly of the engine, the cameras are formed from two parts. The lower part of the chambers is formed by the housing 2, and the upper part of the chambers by a cover 3. In the lid 3 there is a chamber of a compressed combustible mixture 4 and a combustion chamber 6. They communicate through a channel 22 and a controlled bypass device 5, which, for example, can be used, similar in function to the controlled inlet timing valve of the diesel engine. The controlled bypass device 5 opens when the radial blade 16 has not yet gone beyond the mouth of the channel 24, which provides purging with the combustible mixture of the combustion chamber 6 and increasing the mass of the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber 6.

Closing the controlled bypass device 5 occurs when the radial blade 16 at the angle of rotation of the rotor extends beyond the mouth of the channel 24 by 5-40 °. The ignition of the combustible mixture is carried out by known devices and occurs after sealing the expansion volume of the working section 8 and closing the controlled bypass device 5. This ensures the maximum degree of expansion (V ₂ / V ₁ ) of the combustion products in the entire expansion volume 8, the maximum thermal efficiency of the sectional rotary engine (see Fig. 4).

The separation plates 11, 12 perform sealing functions. Their working surfaces are in constant contact with the rotor 1. The upper parts of the separation plates 11 and 12 are made with grooves in which cylindrical sealing rings are installed, and their side parts are equipped with flat sealing dowels.

The section of the combustible mixture 13 is divided by a separation plate 11 and a radial blade 14 on the rotor 1 into two variable volumes: the suction volume 17 and the compression volume 18.

The working section 15 is divided by the plate 12 and the radial blade of the rotor 16 into the expansion volume of the working section 8 and the output volume of the working section 20.

When the rotor 1 is rotated clockwise, a vacuum is created in the section of the combustible mixture 13 between the radial blade 14 of the rotor 1 and the separation plate 11, which sucks the combustible mixture from the mixture formation device (not shown). After the radial blade 14 of the rotor 1 passes through the separation plate 11 of the combustible mixture section 13 smoothly raised by it, in the compression volume of the 18 section of the combustible mixture 13 the mixture is compressed to the maximum values [Rcm], but excluding self-ignition and detonation, and in the suction volume of the 17 section combustible mixture 13, the mixture is simultaneously sucked for the next cycle.

Compressed fuel mixture in the compression volume 18, through the check valve 21 enters the chamber of the compressed combustible mixture 4. Through the channel 22, the combustible mixture is supplied to a controlled bypass device 5.

The combustible mixture received through a controlled bypass device 5 into the combustion chamber 6 and the expansion volume 8 of the working section 15 is ignited in the ignition device 23 in a known manner, for example, by a spark in the spark plug, ignites and burns. As a result of heat generation, a sharp increase in pressure occurs in the combustion chamber 6 and in part of the expansion volume 8 of the working section 15 connected with it, acting on the radial blade 16 of the rotor 1, during the rotation of which useful work is performed.

The exhaust gases in the working cycle are displaced by the back of the radial blade 16 into the atmosphere, through the channel 10 in the housing 2. The sectional rotary engine of the proposed design does not have parts that perform reciprocating movements. The exception is valves and separation plates 11 and 12.

The proposed design of a sectional rotary internal combustion engine, as shown by calculations, allows to reduce specific fuel consumption by at least 5-7% compared with the engine design described in the closest analogue, by providing a more advanced duty cycle and simplifying the design.

In the present invention, in order to reduce specific fuel consumption, the pressure of the compressed combustible mixture in the combustion chamber is provided at a level close to the maximum allowable values. The upper compression limit of a gasoline-air combustible mixture is limited by the level at which it detonates in the combustible mixture chamber Vcr, which is unacceptable. The level of pressure and compression temperatures above which detonation combustion appears is achieved, as is known, at a compression ratio of ≈15. This makes it possible, using known thermodynamic dependencies, to estimate the maximum permissible value of compression of the combustible mixture [Pcm] in the chamber of the combustible mixture, excluding detonation. To ensure the maximum allowable pressure of the compressed combustible mixture [Pcm], its volume Vc must exceed the volume of the combustion chamber Vx.

It was established by calculation that the relative pressure value of the compressed combustible mixture in the combustion chamber Pcr / [Pcm] is an unambiguous function of the relative value (Vcm / Vx):

Pcm / [Psg] = f (Vcm / Vx)

This dependence is depicted in figure 3. It allows us to estimate the pressure value of the compressed combustible mixture Rcm in the combustion chamber at the selected chamber volumes Vcm and Vx. So, at (Vcm / Vx) = 9.3, the pressure in the combustion chamber will be Pcm≈0.9 / [Pcm], which determines the optimal ratio of volumes without causing detonation and without reducing engine efficiency.

As can be seen from the dependence shown in Fig. 3, the optimal relative value (Vcm / Vx), which ensures the maximum relative pressure of the compressed combustible mixture in the combustion chamber (Psj / [Pcm]), and therefore reduce the specific fuel consumption, is in the range 9-9.5. This value should be less than 10 (to avoid fuel detonation) and not less than 9 (so as not to increase fuel consumption).

It is important to note that the pressure Pcm and the volume Vx determine the mass of the combustible mixture, and therefore the work and power of the working section of the sectional rotary engine.

The presence between the volumes Vcm and Vx of the control bypass device allows you to ensure by closing the bypass device, after filling the volume Vx with a combustible mixture, the minimum volume V1 and the maximum degree of expansion of the combustion products (V2 / V1) in the working section (see figure 4). In turn, with an increase in the degree of expansion V2 / V1, the positive work of the combustion products increases, the thermal efficiency increases, and the specific fuel consumption decreases.

After filling the combustion chamber with the combustible mixture, the controlled bypass device closes and the combustible mixture is ignited. The pressure rises sharply in the working volume, expanding combustion products create torque, doing useful work and providing the power of a sectional rotary engine.

Thus, the present invention solves the problem of reducing the specific fuel consumption of a sectional rotary engine by filling the combustion chamber with a combustible mixture with the maximum allowable pressure, introducing a control bypass device between Vcr and Vx providing the maximum degree of expansion and expansion work of the combustion products in the working section, increasing the thermal Efficiency of the working cycle. The simplification of the design of a sectional rotary engine is carried out by placing the inlet and outlet channels in the housing of the sectional rotary engine.

Compensation for unbalanced centrifugal forces arising from the presence of radial blades on the rotor is achieved by a known method of balancing them.

A sectional rotary engine can consist of several sections of a combustible mixture and working sections of the same or different diameters, which allows you to create different standard sizes of sectional rotary internal combustion engines.

Claims (1)

A rotary internal combustion engine comprising a housing with a cylindrical volume limited to the ends by end caps, a hollow rotor mounted in the housing volume, made with a radial blade oriented along its axis of rotation, coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the housing, and ring flanges that divide the internal volume the housing to a section of a combustible mixture separated by a radial rotor blade and a separation plate into the suction and compression volume, and a working section divided by a radial blade and a separation by a plate on the expansion volume and the output volume, the compressed combustible mixture chamber and the combustion chamber located outside the body volume and communicating by the bypass device, the inlet and outlet channels, characterized in that the bypass device is controlled so that the bypass device opens when the radial blade has not yet gone beyond the mouth of the outlet channel, which provides purging with a combustible mixture of the combustion chamber, and the bypass device closes when the radial blade extends beyond Dela mouth of the outlet channel.

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