RU2331586C2 - Plant for purifying underground and sewage water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: plant consists of working valves 1 - 8, 11,12, valve-sample collection tap 9, pressure filter 15 with a heavy load, filtering load 22, holding tank 16, pressure holding pump 17, pressure valve for releasing air 13, and a supply pipe 25, which is an ascending arm at the same time, providing for an air gap in the holding tank 16. Injector 24 with a calibrated opening for water aeration and reverse valve 18 for air intake, are fitted on filter 15, between the upper and lower flanges of which are fitted with piezometer 14 for controlling complete filling of the filter with initial water. Electromagnetic valve 19 is inserted into the plat in the working network, for regulating operation for which automated control system 10 is connected to the electrodes of capacitor 16. Pressure regulator 20 for maintaining constant rate of filtration is fitted in front of electromagnetic valve 19.

EFFECT: provision for uninterrupted purification of water with high rate of filtration without use of chemical ingredients; elimination of the possibility of mixing purified water with initial water and simplification of the construction.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to water purification devices using pressure filters with solid loading with a jet break and can be used in water supply systems of industrial, agricultural enterprises and in public utilities.

The invention relates to the field of fully automated cleaning processes. The groundwater and wastewater treatment plant (hereinafter - the station) allows you to remove fine particles, suspensions, iron, hydrogen sulfide, manganese from the water.

Known devices by A.C. SU 438430 A, patents RU No. 2151626 C, 2192913 C1, US patent No. 3709362 A, patent DE 1411736 A2, patent GB 990807.

The closest known device is an automatic siphon filtering device for deferrization and clarification of natural and waste water according to the patent of Russian Federation No. 2192913, containing a pressure filter with a heavy filter load, a receiving water tank, a wash water tank, a siphon, the descending and ascending branches of which are the supply pipeline source water into the filter, a descending branch having a gap enclosed in an airtight chamber, the chamber is connected to a control receiving tank through a hydraulic shutter with a float stop th valve. The disadvantages of this known device are:

- the presence of a receiving water tank, a washing water tank, a storage tank for the washing process, a filtration rate of not more than 25 m / h;

- the design height of the device is not less than 6, 8 m to create the necessary filtering effect and washing process when using siphons;

- high metal construction;

- the height of the building to accommodate the device is not less than 7 m;

- the presence of an overflow pipeline and the ability to mix purified and source water.

The objective of the invention is to remedy these shortcomings, namely: ensuring uninterrupted water purification with an increased filtration rate (up to 40 m / h) without the use of chemical ingredients, continuous improved quality of purified water, full use when flushing the original water entering the station, eliminating the possibility mixing purified and source water, simplifying the design: reducing metal consumption by 3 times, eliminating the overflow pipe, reducing the size of the building to accommodate Tanzania in height up to 2.5 m from the zero mark.

The problem is solved in that the source ("raw") water before entering the filter charge 22 (see drawing) is pre-aerated using an ejector 24. As a result, the iron dissolved in water passes from the divalent to the trivalent state. Iron hydroxide is formed on the filter charge 22 (filter charging process), which later, reacting with ferric iron (which is dissolved after ejection), is absorbed on the filter charge 22 and is delayed. Source water is filtered at a constant speed, regulated by a pressure regulator, so the quality of the treated water does not change. The quality of treated water depends on the chemical composition of the source water and the filtration rate (which, depending on the quality of the source water, is taken from 25 to 40 m / h).

The invention consists in the following.

The drawing shows the technological diagram of the station, which consists of a pressure filter with a heavy load 15, a filter load 22, a false bottom 23, a storage tank (clean water tank) 16, a boost pump 17, a pressure regulator 20, a check valve 18, an ejector 24, a shutoff valve for the release of air ("air vent") 13, the piezometer 14, the electromagnetic valve (EMC) 19 of the automatic control system (ACS) 10, the valve - sampling valve 9, operating valves (valves) 1-8, 11, 12 and the supply pipe 25 Last connected with a pipeline at the entrance to the building in front of the existing shutoff valves (not shown) that performs the function of a bypass during the operation of the station, as a result of which the supply pipe is simultaneously an ascending branch and ensures a rupture of the jet in the storage tank 16.

The station operates as follows. Filling and washing the filter is carried out with a reverse flow of water. To do this, in manual mode, close valves No. 1, 2, 8 and open valves No. 3, 4 (see drawing). Thoroughly rinse the load. After washing, close valves No. 3, 4 and open valves No. 1, 2, 8. When automatic filter washing equipment is installed according to the specified algorithm in automatic mode, the station switches to stand-alone mode with automatic fittings (bypass).

The position of the valves during operation of the station is explained in the table.

Table No. p / p Mode of operation Open Closed Note one Filling 3, 4 1, 2, 8 filter 2 Installation start 1, 2, 8 3, 4 to work 3 Flushing 4, 3 1, 2, 8 filter four Start up 1, 2, 8 3, 4 Gates No. 5, 6, 7 after installation required do not touch speed !!!

The source water enters the system through a coarse filter 21, installed in front of the solenoid valve 19, an open EMC 19, a system of control valves 8, 6 into the ejector 24, in which, due to the high flow rate of the source water, rarefaction of air is created. Therefore, through the valve 18, atmospheric air is sucked into the ejector chamber. Thus, aeration of the source water occurs in the head of the filter with the transition of the dissolved ferrous iron to the trivalent state, which is delayed by the filter charge 22. Purified water, freed from iron and other suspended particles through a false bottom 23 through a water conduit through valves 7, 2 with a jet break enters the storage tank 16. The excess air entering the filter unit 15 is discharged into the atmosphere through air vents 13 together with hydrogen sulfide and other dissolved gases. Due to the fact that the system has a jet break, when clean water enters the storage tank, there is an additional removal of dissolved gases from the tank into the atmosphere. As the filter load becomes clogged, a sign of clogging is the characteristic intermittent operation of the ejector, so it is necessary to flush the filter load. This is done as follows.

1. Shut off valve 8 (to prevent the flushing water from entering the clean water tank 16). 2. Open the valves 3 and 4, the source water enters the lower part of the installation and through the false bottom 23 upwards passes through the load 22, then through the valve 4 is discharged into the sewer. After the washing process is completed, valves 3, 4 are closed and 8, 9 are opened. The remainder of the source water, together with the remaining iron hydroxide, is preliminarily discharged into the sewer through valve 9 after 40-50 seconds. After this time, pure water flows through valve 9, having characteristic mirror color. Only after that valve 2 opens and valve 9 closes. Fresh water is being replenished in tank 16. The flushing process lasts 4-5 minutes.

ACS works as follows. The filtration rate of the filter unit is adjusted slightly more than the minimum capacity of the booster pump 17. In this regard, the level of clean water in the storage tank 16 rises slowly and when it reaches the level UR-1, the self-propelled guns sends an EMK 19 pulse to the source water. With the consumption of pure water by the consumer, the water level in the storage tank drops and when it reaches the level of UR-2 self-propelled guns, it sends an EMK 19 impulse to open. In this case, the filtration system begins to accumulate pure water in the tank. The electrode marked UR-3 is the “mass” for the automation system and when the water level drops below the UR-3 mark, the self-propelled gun gives an impulse to stop the booster pump 17 to avoid breakage. This option is possible when the supply of source water to the system is interrupted due to possible repair work on the external supply pipelines or other technical reasons.

The possibility of practical implementation of the invention is confirmed by example.

Example. Initial data: the minimum water pressure to the filter is not less than 1.8 kg / cm ² . The voltage of the electric network is 220 V, the frequency is 50 Hz, the current strength is 6 A. The air temperature in the room is + (7-35) ° С. Air intake for the operation of the ejector in a damp, unventilated room is not allowed. Air intake occurs through an additional pipe 26 (see drawing) with a diameter of 20-25 mm directly from the street. Basic requirements for the quality of the source water: total iron - up to 12 mg / l, including divalent - at least 70%; hydrogen indicator - not less than 6.1.

The source water, passing through a calibrated hole of the ejector, "accelerating", passes through the barrel, having the shape of a cone with an angle of 15-20 degrees. Under increased pressure, water enters the top of the filter, forming foam in the form of bubbles. In the ejector, a vacuum of air pressure is created. A fitting with a non-return valve 18 for air intake is embedded in the lateral part of the ejector (see the drawing), through which air enters the ejector and then to the upper part of the filter, which, being mixed with water foam, is aerated and promotes the conversion of divalent iron dissolved in water to trivalent . Aerated water passing through the filter charge is freed from ferric iron, turbidity, hydrogen sulfide and enters the storage tank, from which the booster pump station 17 delivers purified water to the consumer. In the absence of a check valve in the pump design of the booster station, an additional check valve 18.1 is installed to prevent clean water from the consumer from getting back into the storage tank. The station operates at a water pressure in the source network of 1.8 to 4 atm (limited by a pressure regulator), while the purified water flows to the consumer with a pressure determined by the operating mode of the booster pump station. Having achieved the maximum filtration rate, the operating modes of the water treatment plant are calculated for a productivity of 300 l / h to 60 m ³ / h or more (on the instructions of the customer). Since the technology of the station can be modular, i.e. at the same time, one or more filters can work independently, purifying and supplying water to the storage tank. The obtained purified water meets the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.559-96 and can provide both a stand-alone cottage and an apartment building, a group of houses, an enterprise, a village.

The filter is flushed with a reverse water flow without additional pipelines and pumps, using the pressure in the source pipe for 2 to 4 minutes with the discharge of flushing water into the sewer. At the same time, the consumer does not feel an interruption in water supply, since there is an accumulative capacity. As the storage tank is filled to a certain upper elevation with water, the automatic control system (ACS) is activated and the electromagnetic valve EMC shuts off the water supply to the filter. But as the booster pump station continues to operate, the water level in the storage tank drops and reaches a predetermined lower level (1 / 3-1 / 4 of the tank height). Next, the ACS through the electromagnetic valve opens the supply of source water to the filter and the storage tank begins to replenish. Thus, the use of the claimed invention allows automatically uninterruptedly aerating the source water and without adding chemical agents to activate the filter load, while removing excess iron hydroxide during the washing process. Since the inventive station can be performed as modular, this provides a water treatment capacity of 300 l / h to 60 m ³ / h.

In connection with the use of “jet break”, the filtration rate is constant and does not depend on the number of consumers connected to the station, which ensures a constant quality of treated water. The small dimensions of the station allow it to be mounted in small rooms and determine the reduced cost of the system.

If you need to increase productivity, only additional calculations are required.

The proposed station allows you to provide a groundwater treatment process with a single filter capacity of up to 45 m ³ / h (since the source water passes through a calibrated ejector hole) and can be used in cottages and detached houses.

To increase the filter performance, it is used with a diameter of up to 2000 mm, the main feed water is supplied through a separate pipe to the top of the filter on the side, aerated water is fed vertically through the ejector to the top of the filter. Thus, they achieve intensive aeration of the entire source water and increase the productivity of one filter up to 50 m ³ / hour (1200 m ³ / day) at a filtration rate of 35 m / hour.

Using a constant filtration rate limited by a pressure regulator at the inlet, the treatment station can be used in two versions of water treatment:

1. Water purification from a city network without a water tower in detached houses (a group of houses). At the same time, the performance of the filter (filter group) should be greater than the performance of booster pumps, taking into account the peak analysis of water by consumers during the day. The automatic control system (ACS) does not allow overflow of purified water through the storage tank, turning off the supply of source water.

2. Water purification in the presence of a water tower. The filter performance is calculated less than the performance of booster pumps, since the water tower performs smoothing of the pressure in the network and the creation of the necessary water supply during peak hours and during fire fighting events. The self-propelled gun interrupts the filter when it reaches the upper level of the water tower.

Upon reaching the second level in two versions, the self-propelled gun "gives the command" to open the supply pipeline and the process of replenishing the tanks continues. Given the above water treatment options and a modular design, the station allows for the purification of groundwater in a volume of from 0.6 to 100 m ³ / h.

When designing a station for water purification of 500 m ³ / day or more, it is necessary to have a 30% supply of water in the storage tank.

If there is a second lift station and a clean water tank in the existing (existing) water supply system of the existing facility, when designing a groundwater and wastewater treatment plant, the purified drinking water after the filters goes directly to the collection water pipe and is "self-drained" into the clean water tank (without using any or booster pumps), which provides a significant reduction in total energy consumption.

When carrying out repair work in the supply network and increased sand content in artesian wells, it is necessary to install a coarse filter (mesh) at the station inlet, which is installed in front of the EMC solenoid valve to prevent the valve solenoid from sticking and to prevent water overflow from the storage tank.

As a double control, a backup overflow is provided in the storage tank.

Claims (3)

1. A groundwater and wastewater treatment plant, comprising a heavy-load pressure filter, a storage tank and a supply pipe, characterized in that the supply pipe is at the same time an ascending branch providing a rupture of the stream in the storage tank, an ejector with a calibrated water aeration hole and a check valve for air intake, mounted on a filter, between the upper and lower flanges of which a piezometer is installed to control the complete filling of the filter with source water, an electromagnetic valve is installed ene inset stations in the existing network, to control the operation of which the automatic control system is connected to the electrodes of the storage capacitance, pressure regulator to provide a constant fluid velocity is set to a solenoid valve. 2. The groundwater and wastewater treatment station according to claim 1, characterized in that the coarse strainer is installed in front of the electromagnetic valve. 3. The groundwater and wastewater treatment plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at the same time one or more filters operate, purifying and supplying water to the storage tank.