RU2330876C1 - Granulated fuel for pyrolysis - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to compositions for producing a granulated fuel for pyrolysis on the base of peat with modified additives and can be used in minor energetics and housing and communal services. The invention facilitates efficiency of the granulated fuel for pyrolysis. The assigned task and the said technical result are achieved by means of the fuel containing peat as an organic filling material and aluminium silicate material as a modifying additive at a following composition of elements, mas.%: aluminium silicate material 2-30% and peat 70-98. Granules can be made from 5 to 30 mm size by the method of balling on various types of granulators. A betonite clay, clay marl, Cambrian clay, kaolin clay, synthetic zeolite H-Beta-25 or synthetic zeolite H-MORD can be used as an aluminium silicate material.

EFFECT: increased combustion value of the fuel facilitating its efficient implementation at low temperature pyrolisis.

9 cl, 9 ex, 2 dwg, 10 tbl

Description

The invention relates to compositions for producing granulated fuel based on peat with modifying additives and can be used in small energy, housing and communal services.

A fuel is known in the form of a briquette or pellets containing 47.5-52.5% of a pulp, 28.5-31.5% of screenings of coal and 19-21% of sawdust (RU No. 2268914, IPC С10L 5/12, 2006).

The disadvantage of this fuel is the restriction in use, because it can be used only for furnace units based on the method of flame combustion, as well as a limited raw material base - coal mining waste and wood processing waste.

A known composition for fuels based on an organic filler containing peat and wood waste, modifying additives, including hydrocarbon sludge, as well as waste leather production in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Waste leather production 20-25, hydrocarbon sludge 10-30, wood waste 0-20, peat - the rest (RU No. 2280678, class C10L 5/44, 01/27/2006).

A disadvantage of the known composition for fuel is also a limitation in use - use in plants based on the method of flame combustion, and the limited raw material base is waste from leather production, as well as toxic gaseous substances generated during the burning of leather production waste.

Known granular fuel from plant waste (mainly food), compressed into lumps and granules of 1-50 mm in size, used for pyrolysis to obtain combustible gases (SU 1556543, class C10B 53/00, C10F 11/04, 1988)

A disadvantage of the known fuel is its low calorific value.

The basis of the present invention is the task of obtaining a fuel having high efficiency.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the heat of combustion of the fuel, allowing it to be effectively used in low-temperature pyrolysis.

The task and the technical result are achieved in that the granular fuel for pyrolysis includes peat as an organic filler and aluminosilicate material as a modifying additive in the following ratio of components in wt.%: Aluminosilicate material 2-30 and peat 70-98.

In this case, the granular fuel is made in the form of granules from 5 to 30 mm in size, which are obtained by the pelletizing method. And as aluminosilicate material use bentonite clay, or clay marl, or Cambrian clay, or kaolin clay, or synthetic zeolite H-Beta-25, or synthetic zeolite H-MORD.

The use of aluminosilicate materials as a modifying additive, including bentonite clay, clay marl, Cambrian clay, kaolin clay, synthetic zeolite H-Beta-25 or synthetic zeolite H-MORD, can reduce the temperature of the pyrolysis process and intensify it, since these additives also act and as a catalyst due to the presence of Bransted and Lewis acid centers in their structure, as well as a transition metal - Fe, which can be a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst, and alkaline earth solid - Na and K, due to which the interlayer space of the mineral increases. At the same time, the introduction of aluminosilicate minerals of less than 2% is not effective, and with the addition of aluminosilicates more than 30%, a decrease in the yield of combustible gas occurs. Granules of size less than 5 mm and more than 30 mm are impractical to produce due to the difficulty of their use and the deterioration of their physical and mechanical characteristics.

The invention is illustrated by the following diagrams, in which Fig. 1 shows the dependence of the calorific value of pyrolysis gases on the type of catalyst during the catalytic pyrolysis process (the concentration of the catalyst was 30% (wt.); Fig. 2 shows the dependence of the calorific value of pyrolysis gases on the process temperature catalytic pyrolysis in the presence of bentonite clay at a concentration of 30%.

Granular fuel for pyrolysis is prepared as follows.

Peat is initially crushed on a crusher, after which it is mixed with a modifying additive, which are aluminosilicate materials (clays, zeolites, marl), in an amount of 2 to 30% of the total mass of peat. After mixing, the resulting mass is granulated on granulators of various types to obtain granules from 5 to 30 mm, which are then dried.

Example 1

As a filler, we used horse-squash sphagnum peat with a degree of decomposition of 30% as the most common in the Tver region. The specified peat was mixed with bentonite clay so that the concentration of the modifying additive was 2% (wt.) By weight of the peat sample. The resulting mass was granulated. A sample of granular fuel weighing about 2 g was pyrolyzed in a laboratory setup at a temperature of 460 ° C and atmospheric pressure. The resulting gas mixture had the characteristics shown in table 1.

Example 2

The experiment in example 2 was carried out similarly to the experiment in example 1, however, as a modifying additive used bentonite clay at a concentration of 10% (wt.). The resulting gas mixture had the characteristics shown in table.2.

Example 3

The experiment in example 3 was carried out similarly to the experiment in example 1, however, kaolin clay at a concentration of 30% (wt.) Was used as a modifying additive. The resulting gas mixture had the characteristics shown in table.3.

Example 4

The experiment in example 4 was carried out similarly to the experiment in example 1, however, clay marl at a concentration of 30% (wt.) Was used as a modifying additive. The resulting gas mixture had the characteristics shown in table 4.

Example 5

The experiment in example 5 was carried out similarly to the experiment in example 1, however, as a modifying additive used bentonite clay at a concentration of 30% (wt.). The resulting gas mixture had the characteristics shown in table.5.

Example 6

The experiment in example 6 was carried out similarly to the experiment in example 1, however, Cambrian clay at a concentration of 30% (wt.) Was used as a modifying additive. The resulting gas mixture had the characteristics shown in table.6.

Example 7

The experiment in example 7 was carried out similarly to the experiment in example 1, however, as a modifying additive used synthetic zeolite H-Beta-25 at a concentration of 30% (wt.). The resulting gas mixture had the characteristics shown in table.7.

Example 8

The experiment in example 8 was carried out similarly to the experiment in example 1, however, as a modifying additive used synthetic zeolite H-MORD in a concentration of 2% (wt.). The resulting gas mixture had the characteristics shown in table.8.

Example 9

The experiment in example 9 was carried out similarly to the experiment in example 1, however, a modifying additive was not used. The mass of granular fuel (peat) was 2 g. The resulting gas mixture had the characteristics shown in table.9.

When studying the influence of temperature on the process of catalytic pyrolysis of peat, experimental data were obtained, based on which it can be concluded that the optimum temperature is 460 ° C. It was at this temperature that the maximum value of the calorific value of pyrolysis gases was observed (Fig. 1).

Of the above examples, the greatest value of the calorific value of the pyrolysis gas mixture was observed using bentonite clay (figure 2).

The main physical and mechanical characteristics of peat-based organomineral fuel granules are presented in Table 10.

This invention is currently at the stage of experimental laboratory tests.

Table 1 Time, sec The volume of the resulting gas mixture, ml The amount of hydrocarbons in the gas mixture, ml The heat of combustion of the gas mixture, MJ / m ³ Methane Ethane Ethylene Propane 720 216 9.89 1,67 1.35 1.89 11.39 1320 245 13.71 2,53 1.81 2,53 18.49 1920 263 16.89 3.33 2.11 3.00 19.53 2880 275 19.33 3.89 2.26 3.30 20.12 4080 281.5 20.86 4.19 2,32 3.45 19.82

table 2 Time, sec The volume of the resulting gas mixture, ml The amount of hydrocarbons in the gas mixture, ml The heat of combustion of the gas mixture, MJ / m ³ Methane Ethane Ethylene Propane 720 188 11.22 6.74 1.28 2,56 14.92 1320 228 17.94 8.65 1.80 3.08 18.36 1920 243 21.85 9.35 1.96 3.25 18.43 2880 252 24.63 9.72 2.03 3.34 18.36 4080 258 26.57 9.93 2.06 3.39 18.06

Table 3 Time, sec The volume of the resulting gas mixture, ml The amount of hydrocarbons in the gas mixture, ml The heat of combustion of the gas mixture, MJ / m ³ Methane Ethane Ethylene Propane 720 219 6.15 6.43 0.72 2.69 10.05 1320 268 11.55 9.18 1.41 3.72 16.32 1920 286 14,99 10.26 1.77 4.12 18.73 2880 300 18.13 11.15 2.00 4.42 19.93 4080 308 20.21 11.70 2.10 4.60 19.59

Table 4 Time, sec The volume of the resulting gas mixture, ml The amount of hydrocarbons in the gas mixture, ml The heat of combustion of the gas mixture, MJ / m ³ Methane Ethane Ethylene Propane 720 220 8.73 7.57 1.12 2.98 10.8 1320 261 13.85 10.05 1.80 3.89 17.03 1920 278 17.30 11.17 2.17 4.27 18.09 2880 289 20.14 11.91 2,35 4,51 19.24 4080 295 21.92 12.32 2.42 4.64 19.94

Table 5 Time, sec The volume of the resulting gas mixture, ml The amount of hydrocarbons in the gas mixture, ml The heat of combustion of the gas mixture, MJ / m ³ Methane Ethane Ethylene Propane 720 207 7.63 1.15 1.09 0.63 7.12 1320 255 15.27 3.27 2.19 1.45 25.23 1920 272 20.11 4.77 2.77 1.95 29.26 2880 281.5 23.52 5.67 3.03 2.23 29.84 4080 286.5 25.54 6.13 3.12 2,37 28.58

Table 6 Time, sec The volume of the resulting gas mixture, ml The amount of hydrocarbons in the gas mixture, ml The heat of combustion of the gas mixture, MJ / m ³ Methane Ethane Ethylene Propane 720 208 6.61 5.99 0.85 2.71 10.21 1320 252 11.65 8.34 1.49 3.67 18.19 1920 268 14.70 9.35 1.82 4.04 18.43 2880 279 17.45 10.05 2.00 4.28 18.67 4080 285 19.19 10.43 2.08 4.40 19.15

Table 7 Time, sec The volume of the resulting gas mixture, ml The amount of hydrocarbons in the gas mixture, ml The heat of combustion of the gas mixture, MJ / m ³ Methane Ethane Ethylene Propane 720 720 5.78 3.52 0.74 2.48 10.11 1320 1320 11.99 6.10 1.45 3.70 15.85 1920 1920 16.34 7.53 1.92 4.22 18.04 2880 2880 21.83 8.81 2,37 4.70 18.88 4080 4080 24.42 9.33 2.49 4.88 20.74

Table 8 Time, sec The volume of the resulting gas mixture, ml The amount of hydrocarbons in the gas mixture, ml The heat of combustion of the gas mixture, MJ / m ³ Methane Ethane Ethylene Propane 720 223 12.02 8.24 2.64 7.01 13.96 1320 252 16.19 9.85 3.47 8.16 20.41 1920 265 18.83 10.59 3.86 8.65 20.76 2880 280 22.60 11.39 4.21 9.05 20.48 4080 286.5 24.47 11.71 4.33 9.19 19.69

Table 9 Time, sec The volume of the resulting gas mixture, ml The amount of hydrocarbons in the gas mixture, ml The heat of combustion of the gas mixture, MJ / m ³ Methane Ethane Ethylene Propane 720 161 3.83 0.45 0.27 0.19 4.87 1320 195 6.40 0.98 0.59 0.41 12.10 1920 228.5 10.38 2.09 1.13 0.86 16,42 2880 237 11.66 2.45 1.25 1.01 17.21 4080 243 12.76 2.74 1.32 1.13 18.61

Table 10 Indicators Peat + aluminosilicates The dry matter density of the granules, kg / m ³ 700-900 * Experimental values of the maximum strength of granules for uniaxial compression, kPa (equilibrium moisture content) 4300-6280 * * - the values vary in this interval depending on the type of aluminosilicate used as a modifying additive, and the diameter of the obtained granules.

Claims (9)

1. Granular fuel for pyrolysis, including peat as an organic filler and aluminosilicate material as a modifying additive in the following ratio of components, wt.%: aluminosilicate material 2-30% peat 70-98 2. The granular fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of granules, which are obtained by rolling. 3. The granular fuel according to claim 2, characterized in that the granules are made in a size of 5 to 30 mm. 4. The granular fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that bentonite clay is used as an aluminosilicate material. 5. The granular fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that clay marl is used as an aluminosilicate material. 6. The granular fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that Cambrian clay is used as an aluminosilicate material. 7. The granular fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that kaolin clay is used as an aluminosilicate material. 8. The granular fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the synthetic aluminosilicate material is H-Beta-25. 9. The granular fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the synthetic aluminosilicate material is H-MORD.

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