RU2334783C1 - Method of turf-based gas fuel production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to turf-processing industry and can be used for distributed power generation and housing and communal services. Invention is intended for reduction in value and intensification of turf thermal processing that is reached by that in method of gas fuel production by turf processing using pyrolysis, catalyst is silica-alumina materials in amount 2%-30% (mass), while mixed turf and catalyst are granulated. Thus silica-alumina materials are clay marl, kaolin, cambrian and bentonitic clay, zeolites H-Beta-25 and H-MORD. It is recommended to produce granule size within 5 to 30 mm using pelleting rolling of various types.

EFFECT: reduction in value and intensification of turf thermal processing.

8 cl, 2 dwg, 9 ex, 10 tbl

Description

The invention relates to a peat processing industry and can be used in small energy and housing and communal services.

A known method of processing peat, in which a gaseous component is obtained. The method is carried out by two-stage heating of peat. At the first stage, peat is dried to a moisture content of not more than 15% by feeding it portionwise at 350-1050 g / s and heating to a temperature of 120 ± 5 ° C. The resulting steam and flue gases are cleaned and discharged. In the second stage, the solid residue is heated to a temperature of 520-530 ° C without oxygen for 1-6 seconds (RU No. 2259385, class C10F 7/00, C05F 11/02, 08.27.2005).

The disadvantages of this method are the significant energy costs for drying and thermal processing of peat (heating to 1050 ° C).

The prototype of the invention is a method of producing combustible gas from peat, comprising heating peat and then supplying it to the heating zone of steam-air blast upon reaching a temperature of 180-220 ° C, and the heating is carried out in the presence of a palladium catalyst on a solid carrier in the form of granules with a size of 3-4 mm (RU No. 2185418, class C10J 3/00, 07.20.2002).

The disadvantages of the prototype are the use of expensive palladium catalyst, significant costs associated with the operation of the catalytic system, as well as energy costs for the supply of steam air blast.

Pyrolysis is a promising low-temperature (up to 700 ° С) method of processing organogenic fuel (peat) to produce combustible gas, which can be used in small-scale energy and housing and communal services. At the same time, the design of heat generators and boilers is greatly simplified without reducing the efficiency of plants, and the environmental situation in the surrounding areas is improving due to a significant reduction in emissions of combustion products.

The problem to be solved when creating the invention is to reduce the energy intensity of the process of obtaining combustible gas and the exclusion from the process of an expensive palladium catalyst.

The technical result of the invention is the intensification and simplification of the process of obtaining combustible gas from peat.

The task and the specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of producing combustible gas from peat by processing it by catalytic pyrolysis at a temperature of 400-500 ° C in the presence of a catalyst, which is mixed with peat before heating and granulated, according to the invention, aluminosilicate is used as a catalyst materials in an amount of 2-30% (wt.). In this case, either bentonite clay, or clay marl, or Cambrian clay, or kaolin clay, or synthetic zeolite H-Beta-25, or synthetic zeolite H-Mord are used as aluminosilicate material. Granules of peat with aluminosilicate material receive a size of 5 to 30 mm by the method of pelletizing.

The use of aluminosilicate materials as a catalyst facilitates the granulation process, acting as an additional binder, which reduces the amount of moisture required at the granulation stage, and thereby reduce energy consumption and time for drying peat. Aluminosilicate materials also play the role of catalytic systems in heating processes, which makes it possible to lower the temperature of these processes and intensify them. At the same time, the introduction of aluminosilicate minerals of less than 2% is not effective, and when the introduction of aluminosilicate minerals of more than 30%, the yield of combustible gas decreases. Granules of size less than 5 mm and more than 30 mm are impractical to produce due to the difficulty of their use and the deterioration of their physical and mechanical characteristics.

The invention is illustrated by the following diagrams, in which Fig. 1 shows the dependence of the calorific value of pyrolysis gases on the type of catalyst during the catalytic pyrolysis process (the concentration of the catalyst was 30% (wt.); Fig. 2 shows the dependence of the calorific value of pyrolysis gases on the process temperature catalytic pyrolysis in the presence of bentonite clay at a concentration of 30%.

A method of producing peat gas is as follows.

Peat is preliminarily mixed with aluminosilicate material, the concentration of which is 2-30% (wt.), After which the mixture is granulated to obtain granules with a size of 5 to 30 mm. The granules were subjected to pyrolysis at a temperature of 460 ° C in a laboratory reactor to obtain combustible gas.

Example 1

In experiments, we used horse-squash-sphagnum peat, as the most common in the Tver region. The specified peat was mixed with bentonite clay so that the concentration of this catalyst was 2% (wt.) By weight of a sample of peat. The resulting mass was granulated. A portion of granular fuel weighing about 2 g was pyrolyzed in a batch reactor at a temperature of 460 ° C and atmospheric pressure. The resulting gas mixture had the characteristics shown in table 1.

Example 2

The experiment in example 2 was carried out similarly to the experiment in example 1, however, as a modifying additive used bentonite clay at a concentration of 10% (wt.). The resulting gas mixture had the characteristics shown in table.2.

Example 3

The experiment in example 3 was carried out similarly to the experiment in example 1, however, kaolin clay at a concentration of 30% (wt.) Was used as a modifying additive. The resulting gas mixture had the characteristics shown in table.3.

Example 4

The experiment in example 4 was carried out similarly to the experiment in example 1, however, clay marl at a concentration of 30% (wt.) Was used as a modifying additive. The resulting gas mixture had the characteristics shown in table 4.

Example 5

The experiment in example 5 was carried out similarly to the experiment in example 1, however, as a modifying additive used bentonite clay at a concentration of 30% (wt.). The resulting gas mixture had the characteristics shown in table.5.

Example 6

The experiment in example 6 was carried out similarly to the experiment in example 1, however, Cambrian clay at a concentration of 30% (wt.) Was used as a modifying additive. The resulting gas mixture had the characteristics shown in table.6.

Example 7

The experiment in example 7 was carried out similarly to the experiment in example 1, however, as a modifying additive used synthetic zeolite H-Beta-25 at a concentration of 30% (wt.). The resulting gas mixture had the characteristics shown in table.7.

Example 8

The experiment in example 8 was carried out similarly to the experiment in example 1, however, as a modifying additive used synthetic zeolite H-MORD in a concentration of 2% (wt.). The resulting gas mixture had the characteristics shown in table.8.

Example 9

The experiment in example 9 was carried out similarly to the experiment in example 1, however, a modifying additive was not used. The mass of granular fuel (peat) was 2 g. The resulting gas mixture had the characteristics shown in table.9.

Of the above examples, the greatest value of the calorific value of the pyrolysis gas mixture was observed using bentonite clay (figure 1).

When studying the influence of temperature on the process of catalytic pyrolysis of peat, experimental data were obtained, based on which it can be concluded that the optimum temperature is 460 ° C. It was at this temperature that the maximum value of the calorific value of pyrolysis gases was observed (Fig. 2).

The main physical and mechanical characteristics of peat-based organomineral fuel granules are presented in Table 10.

This invention is currently at the stage of experimental laboratory tests.

Table 1 A method of producing combustible gas from peat Time, sec The volume of the resulting gas mixture, ml The amount of hydrocarbons in the gas mixture, ml The heat of combustion of the gas mixture, MJ / m ³ Methane Ethane Ethylene Propane 720 216 9.89 1,67 1.35 1.89 11.39 1320 245 13.71 2,53 1.81 2,53 18.49 1920 263 16.89 3.33 2.11 3.00 19.53 2880 275 19.33 3.89 2.26 3.30 20.12 4080 281.5 20.86 4.19 2,32 3.45 19.82

Table 2 Time, sec The volume of the resulting gas mixture, ml The amount of hydrocarbons in the gas mixture, ml The heat of combustion of the gas mixture, MJ / m ³ Methane Ethane Ethylene Propane 720 188 11.22 6.74 1.28 2,56 14.92 1320 228 17.94 8.65 1.80 3.08 18.36 1920 243 21.85 9.35 1.96 3.25 18.43 2880 252 24.63 9.72 2.03 3.34 18.36 4080 258 26.57 9.93 2.06 3.39 18.06

Table 3 Time, sec The volume of the resulting gas mixture, ml The amount of hydrocarbons in the gas mixture, ml The heat of combustion of the gas mixture, MJ / m ³ Methane Ethane Ethylene Propane 720 219 6.15 6.43 0.72 2.69 10.05 1320 268 11.55 9.18 1.41 3.72 16.32 1920 286 14,99 10.26 1.77 4.12 18.73 2880 300 18.13 11.15 2.00 4.42 19.93 4080 308 20.21 11.70 2.10 4.60 19.59

Table 4 Time, sec The volume of the resulting gas mixture, ml The amount of hydrocarbons in the gas mixture, ml The heat of combustion of the gas mixture, MJ / m ³ Methane Ethane Ethylene Propane 720 220 8.73 7.57 1.12 2.98 10.8 1320 261 13.85 10.05 1.80 3.89 17.03 1920 278 17.30 11.17 2.17 4.27 18.09 2880 289 20.14 11.91 2,35 4,51 19.24 4080 295 21.92 12.32 2.42 4.64 19.94

Table 5 Peat fuel Time, sec The volume of the resulting gas mixture, ml The amount of hydrocarbons in the gas mixture, ml The heat of combustion of the gas mixture, MJ / m ³ Methane Ethane Ethylene Propane 720 207 7.63 1.15 1.09 0.63 7.12 1320 255 15.27 3.27 2.19 1.45 25.23 1920 272 20.11 4.77 2.77 1.95 29.26 2880 281.5 23.52 5.67 3.03 2.23 29.84 4080 286.5 25.54 6.13 3.12 2,37 28.58

Table 6 Time, sec The volume of the resulting gas mixture, ml The amount of hydrocarbons in the gas mixture, ml The heat of combustion of the gas mixture, MJ / m ³ Methane Ethane Ethylene Propane 720 208 6.61 5.99 0.85 2.71 10.21 1320 252 11.65 8.34 1.49 3.67 18.19 1920 268 14.70 9.35 1.82 4.04 18.43 2880 279 17.45 10.05 2.00 4.28 18.67 4080 285 19.19 10.43 2.08 4.40 19.15

Table 7 Time, sec The volume of the resulting gas mixture, ml The amount of hydrocarbons in the gas mixture, ml The heat of combustion of the gas mixture, MJ / m ³ Methane Ethane Ethylene Propane 720 720 5.78 3.52 0.74 2.48 10.11 1320 1320 11.99 6.10 1.45 3.70 15.85 1920 1920 16.34 7.53 1.92 4.22 18.04 2880 2880 21.83 8.81 2,37 4.70 18.88 4080 4080 24.42 9.33 2.49 4.88 20.74

Table 8 Time, sec The volume of the resulting gas mixture, ml The amount of hydrocarbons in the gas mixture, ml The heat of combustion of the gas mixture, MJ / m ³ Methane Ethane Ethylene Propane 720 223 12.02 8.24 2.64 7.01 13.96 1320 252 16.19 9.85 3.47 8.16 20.41 1920 265 18.83 10.59 3.86 8.65 20.76 2880 280 22.60 11.39 4.21 9.05 20.48 4080 286.5 24.47 11.71 4.33 9.19 19.69

Table 9 Peat fuel Time, sec The volume of the resulting gas mixture, ml The amount of hydrocarbons in the gas mixture, ml The heat of combustion of the gas mixture, MJ / m ³ Methane Ethane Ethylene Propane 720 161 3.83 0.45 0.27 0.19 4.87 1320 195 6.40 0.98 0.59 0.41 12.10 1920 228.5 10.38 2.09 1.13 0.86 16,42 2880 237 11.66 2.45 1.25 1.01 17.21 4080 243 12.76 2.74 1.32 1.13 18.61

Table 10 Indicators Peat + aluminosilicates The dry matter density of the granules, kg / m ³ 700-900 * Experimental values of the maximum strength of granules for uniaxial compression, kPa (equilibrium moisture content) 4300-6280 * * - the values vary in this interval depending on the type of aluminosilicate used as a modifying additive, and the diameter of the obtained granules.

Claims (8)

1. A method of producing combustible gas from peat by heating it in the presence of a catalyst, characterized in that aluminosilicate materials in a concentration of 2-30 wt.% Are used as a catalyst, which are mixed with peat and granulated before heating, and heating is carried out at a temperature of 400- 500 ° C. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that bentonite clay is used as an aluminosilicate material. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the clay marl is used as an aluminosilicate material. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Cambrian clay is used as an aluminosilicate material. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that kaolin clay is used as an aluminosilicate material. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the aluminosilicate material use synthetic zeolite H-Beta-25. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the aluminosilicate material using synthetic zeolite H-Mord. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the peat granules with aluminosilicate material receive a size of from 5 to 30 mm by rolling.

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