RU2730462C1 - Method of producing mineral wool - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacturing technology.

SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to a method of producing mineral wool. Proposed method comprises the steps of: loading cupola with solid fuel and initial mineral raw material; melting of mineral material; production of mineral wool. Solid fuel contains fuel briquette made from annealed carbon-containing material. Carbon-containing material includes a carbonized biomass of vegetable origin and binder. Binder includes water-containing fraction of pyrolysis liquid and resinous fraction of pyrolysis liquid. Said fractions are obtained by separation of pyrolysis liquid with settling, wherein pyrolysis liquid is formed during pyrolysis of vegetal biomass. Amount of water-containing fraction with respect to amount of resinous fraction ranges from 4:1 to 7:1 by weight. Invention also relates to use of fuel briquette in fuel furnaces for production of mineral wool.

EFFECT: technical result of present invention lies in ecological and cost-effective method of producing mineral wool by replacing coke with fuel briquettes obtained from plant biomass.

47 cl, 3 dwg, 5 tbl, 8 ex

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the production of insulating materials by melting in fuel melting furnaces, and in particular to the production of mineral wool used for heat and sound insulation in construction and other industries.

LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGY

Currently, there is an increasing demand for an insulating material made from mineral wool. To create the fiber from which mineral wool is made, mineral melts are used, which are produced in special furnaces using coke as fuel.

Mineral wool is a fibrous material obtained from silicate rock melts, metallurgical slags and their mixtures.

The production of mineral wool involves obtaining a melt of rocks and turning it into fibers, from which a sheet of mineral wool (mineral wool) is then formed.

The melt is obtained by smelting raw materials in fuel smelting furnaces. Typically, cupola furnaces are used for these purposes, which are shaft furnaces with an inner diameter of 1-1.25 m, in which coke is used as fuel.

In the traditional use of cupolas for the production of melts from rocks in order to obtain stone wool, which is a type of mineral wool, basalt or similar substances are used as a raw material. To be able to transfer the basalt to a molten state, coke is used.

The melt obtained in the shaft furnace is fed to a spinning unit, which converts the melt into fibers. In this case, a binder is added during the spinning process which bonds the fibers together during heat treatment to create a dimensionally stable product.

It is known that due to the coke that is mixed into the raw mineral material, the melt that leaves the furnace at a temperature of about 1450 ° C is in a reducing atmosphere. The effluent flue gases typically contain carbon monoxide (CO) and small amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S) as well as sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ). This necessitates the organization of gas purification, which is a disadvantage of the process along with iron, which is a by-product of mineral wool production, which results from the reduction in a reducing atmosphere of iron oxide in the raw material and must be removed.

It is known that the content of sulfur and iron in coal coke is determined by their content in coal. Coals of different coal basins are very different in sulfur content. For example, in the coke obtained from the coals of Kuzbass, Pechora, Poland, Kazakhstan, sulfur contains 0.4-0.6%; in coke obtained from Donetsk coals, the content reaches 1.6%. In the coke obtained from the Kizelovsky basin, the sulfur content is already higher and amounts to 5-6%, and in the coke obtained from coal mined in the northern Urals, the sulfur content reaches 6-8%. In particular, the sulfur content of coal coke can be 0.5-1.8%.

The iron content in the coke can be as high as 1.8%, which can increase the amount of pig iron formed as a by-product of mineral wool production.

Therefore, in the method of producing mineral wool, not any coke is suitable as a fuel, but only of proper quality, and therefore only a limited amount of coke can be used for the specified purposes. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the cost of coke and, as a result, an increase in the cost of the final product in the form of mineral wool, and in the case of using basalt as a raw material, stone wool. Also, due to the fact that the coke used in the mineral wool production process is obtained from non-renewable sources of raw materials, the waste gases from the process are undesirable from an environmental point of view, since they additionally contribute to the accumulation of greenhouse gases from anthropogenic sources in the atmosphere.

There is a known method of manufacturing fuel briquettes from biomass (patent RU 2484125 C1, 06/10/2013), in which biomass is used as a raw material in the form of peat, sawdust, which is subjected to heat treatment without air access at a temperature of 200-500 ° C, obtaining carbonaceous residue and pyrolysis condensate, in which dextrin is dissolved, thus obtaining a binder, which is mixed with a carbon residue to form a fuel briquette from the resulting mixture and dried at room temperature for 2-5 days.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of a chemical reagent in the form of dextrin to form a binder, which leads to an increase in the cost of the fuel product and the complexity of the process as a whole, as well as a low heat of combustion of the briquette, which lies in the range of 7300 - 20,000 kJ / kg.

There is a known method for the manufacture of briquette fuel (patent RU 2375414 C1, 10.12.2009), which discloses the use of low-temperature semi-coking resin obtained at temperatures up to 650 ⁰ С during pyrolysis of coal, to obtain heat-resistant briquettes in an oxidizing environment at temperatures of 150-300 ^° С from mixed with a binder carbonaceous raw material in the form of coke breeze, and / or pitch coke breeze, and / or petroleum coke breeze, and / or anthracite fines, and / or coal breeze.

The disadvantage of this method is a narrow raw material base for the manufacture of briquettes, which does not solve the problem of utilization of substandard waste of lignocellulosic material, formed both as a result of agricultural activities and in the forest industry.

Thus, in the prior art, in the method of producing mineral wool, there is a problem of replacing expensive coke with an analogue with comparable characteristics, the use of which would lead to a more environmentally sound and economically viable production process due to less negative impact on the environment and less formation of by-products, the reserves of which would be renewable compared to minerals.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

To solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, the authors of the present invention have identified a number of problems that will improve the current situation in this field of technology.

The present invention is aimed at creating a method for producing mineral wool that does not have a harmful effect on the environment, leads to the production of fewer by-products formed during production, which reduces the cost of storage and disposal, and also allows you to replace expensive coke with similar raw materials to obtain mineral wool, the supply of which can be replenished in contrast to minerals that exist in limited quantities.

Since iron is not removed from the silicate melt by reduction, in the production of mineral wool, the chemical composition of the raw materials is usually selected for a lower iron content. Therefore, in the prior art, the problem of solving issues related to the reduction of by-products formed in the process of obtaining mineral wool, in particular, cast iron, is relevant.

According to the present invention, the technical result consists in the development of an environmentally friendly, economical method for producing mineral wool with a reduced amount of waste, in which it is possible to replace expensive coal coke with a fuel briquette from biomass of plant origin, having comparable characteristics, such as mechanical strength and calorific value, as well as hot strength sufficient for use in a cupola.

Achievement of the claimed technical results is ensured by the method for producing mineral wool according to the present invention, in which instead of coke, a fuel briquette obtained from biomass of plant origin is used as fuel.

According to the present invention, there is provided a method for producing mineral wool, comprising the steps of:

- load the cupola with solid fuel and raw mineral raw materials;

- provide melting of mineral raw materials,

- ensure the production of mineral wool,

moreover, the solid fuel contains a fuel briquette made of annealed carbonaceous material, including:

- carbonized biomass of plant origin;

- binder, including:

i) a hydrous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid obtained by separating the pyrolysis liquid by settling, the pyrolysis liquid being formed by pyrolysis of biomass of plant origin; and

ii) a resinous fraction of a pyrolysis liquid obtained by separating the pyrolysis liquid by settling, the pyrolysis liquid being formed by pyrolysis of biomass of plant origin,

wherein the resinous fraction is immiscible with the water-containing fraction,

moreover, the amount of the water-containing fraction in relation to the amount of the resinous fraction is from 4: 1 to 7: 1 by weight.

In one embodiment, there is provided a method wherein a carbonaceous material is obtained by mixing carbonized biomass with an aqueous fraction of a pyrolysis liquid to form a first mixture, followed by mixing the resulting first mixture with a resinous fraction of a pyrolysis liquid.

According to another embodiment, a method is provided, where the content of the carbonized biomass is 38-43 wt%, the content of the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is 7-12 wt% and the content of the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is 45-55 wt%.

According to another embodiment, there is provided a method in which a resinous fraction of a pyrolysis liquid and a water-containing fraction of a pyrolysis liquid include condensed vapors of a vapor-gas mixture obtained by pyrolysis.

According to another embodiment, a method is provided, wherein the resinous and water-containing fractions contain carbon-containing organic compounds formed during the pyrolysis of plant biomass.

According to another embodiment, a method is provided, where the content of carbon-containing organic compounds formed during the pyrolysis of carbonized biomass is greater in the resinous fraction than in the aqueous fraction.

According to another embodiment, a method is provided, wherein the water-containing fraction and the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid are obtained by separating the pyrolysis liquid by settling the pyrolysis liquid.

According to another embodiment, a method is provided, where the water-containing fraction and the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid are obtained by separating the pyrolysis liquid by settling the pyrolysis liquid with simultaneous cooling.

According to another embodiment, a method is provided, wherein the pyrolysis liquid is cooled to a temperature in the range of 20 to 40 ° C.

In another embodiment, there is provided a method wherein the ratio of the amount of the hydrous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid to the amount of carbonized biomass is from 1.2: 1 to 1.3: 1 by weight.

According to another embodiment, a method is provided, wherein the ratio of the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid to the amount of carbonized biomass is from 0.16: 1 to 0.32: 1 by weight.

In yet another embodiment, a method is provided wherein the carbonaceous material is in the shape of a cube with an opening in its central portion.

In another embodiment, a method is provided wherein the ratio of the hole diameter to the side of the cube is 1: 4.

According to another embodiment, a method is proposed, where the carbonized biomass comprises particles of carbonized biomass, and the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is made with the possibility of homogeneous mixing with particles of the carbonized biomass, and wherein the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is made with the possibility of homogeneous mixing with the mixture of the water-containing fraction of the particles of the pyrolysis liquid and carbonized biomass.

In another embodiment, there is provided a method wherein the fuel briquette is formed from a molded and annealed carbonaceous material including carbonized plant biomass and a binder.

In another embodiment, a method is provided in which the briquette is cube-shaped with side lengths in the range of 90-125 mm.

According to another embodiment, a method is provided in which a cube-shaped briquette has a through hole in its central portion.

According to another embodiment, a method is provided in which the ratio of the hole diameter to the side length of the briquette is 1: 4.

According to another embodiment, a method is provided, wherein the briquette is further dried prior to annealing at room temperature for 72 to 170 hours.

According to another embodiment, a method is provided wherein a briquette is formed into a cube by pressing.

According to another embodiment, a method is provided, where the briquette is annealed at a temperature in the range of 150-700 ° C.

In another embodiment, a method is provided, wherein the briquette is annealed at a temperature in the range of 150-900 ° C.

In another embodiment, a method is provided wherein the briquette has a sulfur content of less than 0.2%.

In another embodiment, a method is provided in which the mineral wool is mineral wool for insulation.

In another embodiment, there is provided a process wherein the carbonized biomass included in the carbonaceous material comprises 5-15 wt%, preferably 5-10 wt%, of coke cakes based on the total weight of carbonized biomass and coke cakes.

Also according to the present invention, another object of the invention is proposed - the use of a fuel briquette for producing mineral wool,

moreover, the fuel briquette is made of annealed carbon-containing material, including:

- carbonized biomass of plant origin;

- binder, including:

i) a hydrous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid obtained by separating the pyrolysis liquid by settling, the pyrolysis liquid being formed by pyrolysis of biomass of plant origin; and

ii) a resinous fraction of a pyrolysis liquid obtained by separating the pyrolysis liquid by settling, the pyrolysis liquid being formed by pyrolysis of biomass of plant origin,

wherein the resinous fraction is immiscible with the water-containing fraction,

moreover, the amount of the water-containing fraction in relation to the amount of the resinous fraction is from 4: 1 to 7: 1 by weight.

In one embodiment, there is provided a use wherein a carbonaceous material is obtained by mixing carbonized biomass with an aqueous fraction of a pyrolysis liquid to form a first mixture, followed by mixing the resulting first mixture with a tarry fraction of a pyrolysis liquid.

According to another embodiment, there is provided an application where the content of the carbonized biomass is 38-43% by weight, the content of the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is 7-12% by weight and the content of the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is 45-55% by weight.

According to another embodiment, there is provided an application in which the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid and the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid comprise condensed vapors of the vapor-gas mixture obtained by the pyrolysis.

According to another embodiment, there is provided an application wherein the resinous and water-containing fractions contain carbon-containing organic compounds formed during the pyrolysis of biomass of plant origin.

According to another embodiment, there is provided an application where the content of carbon-containing organic compounds formed during pyrolysis of carbonized biomass is greater in the resinous fraction than in the aqueous fraction.

According to another embodiment, there is provided an application where the aqueous fraction and the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid are obtained by separating the pyrolysis liquid by settling the pyrolysis liquid.

According to another embodiment, there is provided an application where the water-containing fraction and the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid are obtained by separating the pyrolysis liquid by settling the pyrolysis liquid with simultaneous cooling.

In another embodiment, there is provided an application where the pyrolysis liquid is cooled to a temperature in the range of 20 to 40 ° C.

According to another embodiment, there is provided an application wherein the ratio of the amount of the hydrous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid to the amount of carbonized biomass is from 1.2: 1 to 1.3: 1 by weight.

In another embodiment, there is provided an application wherein the ratio of the gum fraction of the pyrolysis liquid to the amount of carbonized biomass is from 0.16: 1 to 0.32: 1 by weight.

In another embodiment, an application is provided where the material is in the form of a cube with a hole in its central part.

Another embodiment provides an application where the ratio of the hole diameter to the side of the cube is 1: 4.

According to another embodiment, there is proposed an application wherein the carbonized biomass comprises particles of carbonized biomass, wherein the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is capable of homogeneous mixing with particles of the carbonized biomass, and wherein the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is capable of homogeneous mixing with a mixture of the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid and particles of the carbonized liquid biomass.

In yet another embodiment, there is provided an application wherein the fuel briquette is formed from a molded and annealed carbonaceous material comprising carbonized plant biomass and a binder.

According to another embodiment, an application is provided in which the briquette is in the form of a cube with side lengths in the range of 90-125 mm.

According to another embodiment, an application is provided in which the cube-shaped briquette has a through hole in its central portion.

In another embodiment, an application is provided in which the ratio of the hole diameter to the side length of the briquette is 1: 4.

According to yet another embodiment, there is provided a use wherein the briquette is further dried prior to annealing at room temperature for 72 to 170 hours.

In another embodiment, there is provided an application where a briquette is formed into a cube by pressing.

According to another embodiment, there is provided an application where the briquette is annealed at a temperature in the range of 150-700 ° C.

According to another embodiment, there is provided an application wherein the briquette is annealed at a temperature in the range of 150-900 ° C.

In another embodiment, an application is provided where the briquette has a sulfur content of less than 0.2%.

In another embodiment, there is provided an application wherein the carbonized biomass included in the carbonaceous material comprises 5-15 wt.%, Preferably 5-10 wt.% Of coke chips based on the total weight of carbonized biomass and coke chips.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Figure 1 illustrates the surface microstructure of carbonized biomass after annealing.

Figure 2 illustrates the microstructure of carbonized husk biomass.

Figure 3 illustrates the microstructure of carbonized biomass from wheat straw.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The inventors of the present invention have surprisingly discovered that a fuel briquette, obtained in a certain way from biomass of plant origin, can serve as an alternative to the coal coke used in cupola furnaces in terms of mechanical and heating characteristics. In addition, such a fuel briquette, when used as a fuel in a method for producing mineral wool, will lead to a more environmentally friendly and cost-effective production of mineral wool for the following reasons.

A fuel briquette from biomass of plant origin has a zero carbon balance when used in the method of producing mineral wool, that is, all potentially emitted carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants during photosynthesis during their growth, in contrast to mined minerals, which make an additional contribution to increasing the content of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

In addition, the obvious advantage of the used fuel briquette, obtained from biomass of plant origin, is the lower amount of iron and sulfur contained in it compared to coal coke. As mentioned above, the sulfur content in coal, which serves as a raw material for coke production, can vary in the range from 0.4 to 8%, in coal coke it can be 0.5-1.8%, while in biomass of plant origin , which serves as a raw material for obtaining a fuel briquette, contains less sulfur and, depending on the type of raw material, can be in the following ranges: in straw of various crops from 0.1 to 0.77%; in trees less than 0.05%; in husks from the outer shells of grains and seeds from 0.14 to 0.21%.

Thus, the use of fuel briquettes from biomass of plant origin to replace coke in the method of producing mineral wool is seen as expedient, since, as noted above, the composition of the exhaust gases includes hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide, in the formation of which sulfur takes part, the source of which can be fuel. used to obtain mineral mass. These gases have a negative impact on humans and the environment, and SO emissions₂lead to acid precipitation. Due to the low sulfur content in the biomass fuel product of plant origin, it is obvious that in the exhaust gases generated in the mineral wool production process, the H₂S and SO₂will be less that will obviously reduce the cost of organizing gas treatment.

As noted above, the iron contained in the mineral raw materials used for the production of mineral wool contributes to the formation of a by-product in the form of cast iron, which, despite the possibility of marketing, in this method of obtaining mineral wool is a by-product and serves as an additional source of costs for its further processing, warehousing, storage and search for potential buyers. It was already noted above that the iron content in coke is 1.8%, while the iron content in sunflower husks is approximately 0.13%, in wood about 0.01%, in wheat straw - 0.03%. These data show the advantages of using biomass fuels of plant origin over coke.

Therefore, one of the solutions to the existing disadvantages in the prior art, the authors of the present invention see in the replacement of fuel raw materials used to obtain mineral wool.

The authors believe that coke can be replaced by fuel briquettes obtained from biomass of plant origin.

In this connection, there is proposed a method for producing mineral wool, including mineral wool for insulation according to the present invention, which uses a solid fuel containing a fuel briquette made of annealed carbonaceous material, comprising the steps of:

- ensure the loading of the cupola with fuel briquettes, initial mineral raw materials;

- provide melting of mineral raw materials,

- ensure the production of mineral wool,

moreover, the fuel briquette is obtained from a carbon-containing material, including:

- carbonized biomass of plant origin;

- binder, including:

i) a hydrous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid obtained by separating the pyrolysis liquid by settling, the pyrolysis liquid being formed by pyrolysis of biomass of plant origin; and

ii) a resinous fraction of a pyrolysis liquid obtained by separating the pyrolysis liquid by settling, the pyrolysis liquid being formed by pyrolysis of biomass of plant origin,

wherein the resinous fraction is immiscible with the water-containing fraction,

moreover, the amount of the water-containing fraction in relation to the amount of the resinous fraction is from 4: 1 to 7: 1 by weight.

Industrial waste - metallurgical and fuel slags, ash, ceramic and glass breakage, silicate brick breakage, etc., as well as rocks can be used as the initial mineral raw materials.

The rocks used in the production of mineral wool can be sedimentary: clay, dolomite, marl; and igneous: basalt, granite, diabase, syenite.

When loading mineral raw materials into a smelting furnace - a cupola - mineral raw materials fall on the fuel layer. During the smelting process, the mineral raw material is melted and lowered into the lower part of the cupola, where it is mixed with the molten mineral part of the fuel.

The principle of operation of a cupola is known from the prior art, for example, from RU 2482077, 05/20/2013 "Cupola and a method for producing silica melts", therefore, within the framework of this application, all the processes occurring with the material during its use are not considered in detail. However, it should be noted that it is thanks to the use of a furnace - a cupola - that it becomes possible to obtain mineral wool according to the method proposed in the claimed invention.

With regard to the fuel feedstock used according to the claimed method of the present invention, it has surprisingly been found that from a carbonaceous material including carbonized biomass and a binder obtained by pyrolysis of biomass of plant origin, it becomes possible to obtain a fuel briquette having the necessary strength and calorific value / heat combustion for use in fuel, smelting furnaces. Moreover, it should be noted that the specified binder in the carbon-containing material includes a water-containing fraction of the pyrolysis liquid, obtained by separating the pyrolysis liquid by settling, formed during the pyrolysis of biomass of plant origin, and the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid, obtained by separating the pyrolysis liquid by settling, formed by the pyrolysis liquid by settling, with a water-containing fraction.

Any known plant biomass can be used as a feedstock for the carbonaceous material from which the fuel briquette is obtained. The specified raw materials can be supplied by enterprises of forestry or agriculture, or enterprises of any other industry where biomass of plant origin is produced or found. In particular, a source of plant biomass of natural origin can be the waste of the oil industry - the husk of sunflower seeds, as well as the outer shells of the grain, which are obtained as a result of the hulling or peeling of grains and seeds of other plant crops. Sawdust, wood chips, straw and husk of wheat, rapeseed, rye, oats, barley, rice, corn, etc. can also be used as a raw material for the carbonaceous material.

For the inventive carbon-containing material and the fuel briquette obtained on its basis, it is characteristic for the formation of a carbon-containing material to add binder components to the carbonized biomass in the form of a water-containing and resinous fractions of a pyrolysis liquid in a certain sequence.

One of the possible options for obtaining a carbon-containing material and a fuel briquette based on it is a method according to which a high-quality product with an increased calorific value in comparison with the initial raw material is obtained from a low-grade and low-calorie raw material in the form of plant biomass.

Such a method of obtaining a carbon-containing material and a fuel briquette based on it from biomass of plant origin can be carried out as follows:

i) provide biomass of plant origin

ii) pyrolysis of biomass of plant origin to obtain carbonized biomass and pyrolysis liquid;

iii) separating the pyrolysis liquid into a water-containing fraction and a resinous fraction, the resinous fraction being immiscible with the water-containing fraction;

iv) form a carbonaceous material by mixing the carbonized biomass with an aqueous fraction and a resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid;

v) molding the carbonaceous material into a briquette;

vi) annealing the briquette,

wherein in step iv) the formation of the carbonaceous material comprises:

- mixing the carbonized biomass with the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid to obtain the first mixture;

- mixing the first mixture with the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid to obtain a carbon-containing material.

For the implementation of the method in stage ii) is the pyrolysis of biomass of plant origin at a temperature of 450-500 ° C. Thermal decomposition under oxygen-deficient conditions is a known technique for producing a carbonized solid and a pyrolysis liquid. However, it is precisely due to the pyrolysis that it becomes possible to obtain a carbon-containing material and subsequently a fuel briquette with an appropriate calorific value, which can be used as a fuel for the production of mineral wool.

A pyrolysis liquid, the components of which are part of a binder for binding carbonized biomass into a homogeneous carbon-containing material, from which a fuel briquette with appropriate strength and proper calorific value is subsequently formed during molding and annealing, is obtained by condensation of vapors of a steam-gas mixture formed as a result of thermal decomposition of the feedstock of plant origin, in a condensation system with the formation of liquid pyrolysis products (pyrolysis liquid) and non-condensable gases. The authors of the present invention have found that for the condensation of the vapor-gas mixture formed during pyrolysis, a part of the previously obtained pyrolysis liquid can be used as a refrigerant, due to which the method for producing a fuel briquette is resource-saving, as a consequence, the cost of the briquette is lower, which ultimately affects the cost mineral wool, for the production of which such a fuel briquette is used. Since there is no need to use an additional refrigerant, it is possible to avoid the generation of waste due to the reuse of pyrolysis products and additionally enrich the pyrolysis liquid with carbon-containing compounds, obtained in a scrubber used to condense the vapor of the vapor-gas mixture. In addition, non-condensable gases can be recirculated to the steam-gas mixture for preliminary cooling before cooling with a refrigerant, which improves the environmental and economic situation in the production of carbonaceous material and fuel briquette in the framework of the present invention.

The pyrolysis liquid obtained as a result of pyrolysis is used to bind the carbonized biomass. However, when using all of the pyrolysis liquid without first separating it into fractions, the authors of the present invention failed to obtain fuel briquettes of proper quality, since it was not possible to obtain a homogeneous carbon-containing material, and the briquettes obtained as a result of molding and annealing of the obtained carbon-containing material were subject to severe cracking. ...

As a result of numerous studies, the authors of the present invention found that the pyrolysis liquid obtained as a result of pyrolysis is expediently separated into fractions - a water-containing fraction and a resinous fraction immiscible with the water-containing fraction, by settling with cooling to a temperature of the pyrolysis liquid in the range from 20 to 40 ° C. Moreover, the output of the water-containing fraction is 27-38% wt., And the resinous fraction, respectively, 10-21% wt. in relation to the mass of the original plant material (calculated on dry matter). In this case, the yield of carbonized biomass is 25-36% wt. The rest falls on gaseous products, the yield of which can be about 20-23% wt.

The content of the identified classes of chemical compounds was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the aqueous and resinous fractions of pyrolysis liquids.

The water-containing fraction is an aqueous solution containing organic / carbon-containing substances / compounds of a predominantly acidic nature: acids, phenols. Also, this fraction contains a small amount of ketones, alcohols, heterocyclic compounds.

The resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is an organic high-carbon phase, mainly enriched in aromatic, phenolic, ester compounds, as well as higher carboxylic acids.

The obtained data are consistent with literature sources (Kuzmina R.I. Pyrogenetic processing of some wood waste and seed peeling waste / R.I. Kuzmina, S.N. Shtykov, K.E. Pankin, Yu.V. Ivanova, T.G. Panina // Chemistry of vegetable raw materials. - 2010. - No. 3. - P. 61-65.), Where it is noted that materials of wood and non-wood origin in similar technological conditions give a set of pyrolysis products that are similar in composition.

Thus, the water-containing and resinous fractions are characterized by the presence of carbon-containing compounds, which can additionally enrich the resulting fuel briquette with carbon to increase its calorific value / heat of combustion.

To assess the amount of coke residue formed from the pyrolysis liquid, formed by thermal action on the pyrolysis liquid, a thermogravimetric analysis of the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid was carried out, due to the higher content of carbon-containing organic compounds in it in comparison with the water-containing fraction.

During thermal decomposition, the carbonized residue of the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is 7-10% of the initial mass of the resinous fraction. The total weight loss of the resinous fraction during pyrolysis at 600 ° C is 90-93% wt.

To assess the possibility of using a pyrolysis liquid in a carbon-containing material without lowering the calorific value / heat of combustion of the fuel product, the heat of combustion of samples of carbon-containing material obtained by mixing the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid with carbonized biomass without briquetting and pressing was determined.

Samples of the carbon-containing material were prepared with different contents of the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid in 10, 30, 50, 70, 100% wt. followed by annealing in ceramic crucibles to a temperature of 900 ° C.

The experimental results are presented in table 1.

Table 1. Physicochemical parameters of samples of carbon-containing material with a resinous fraction of pyrolysis liquid of sunflower seed husk.

Resinous fraction content of pyrolysis liquid,% Ash content, mass. %. Calorific value (calorific value), kJ / kg, ten 8.9-9.1 28950-29010 50 7.1-7.5 29640-29705 70 6.1-6.7 30000-30070 one hundred 2.0-2.6 29360-29420

As can be seen from table 1, the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid does not lead to a deterioration in the calorific value / heat of combustion of the sample. In addition, Table 1 shows that the introduction of a resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid can lead to a decrease in the ash content of the sample, which is an important factor for the use of a fuel briquette in fuel and smelting furnaces.

Moreover, the inventors have found that due to the fact that the resinous fraction contains a large amount of carbon-containing compounds, it becomes possible in general to obtain the proper calorific value / calorific value of the carbonized biomass and, as a consequence, the fuel briquette by adding to the biomass the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid ...

Table 2 shows the results of tests to determine the main parameters characterizing the properties of carbonized biomass obtained as a result of pyrolysis.

Table 2. Physicochemical indicators of carbonized biomass

Indicator name Test result value Ash content * based on thermogravimetry results when heated to 900 ° C at a heating rate of 10K / min 10.3-10.9% Calorific value (calorific value) ** 29953-31827 kJ / kg Humidity* 2.1-2.8% Volatile content 9.8-10.5%

* parameter values can be determined by any known method in the art, for example, according to GOST 33625

** calorific value was determined using an IKA 5000 bomb calorimeter.

The specified data refer to the carbonized biomass from sunflower husk obtained by pyrolysis. At the same time, it should be noted that the indicators for other sources of biomass will be comparable.

Comparison of the data from Tables 1 and 2 indicates the comparability of the results in terms of calorific value / calorific value and indicates the possibility of using a pyrolysis liquid in the formation of a carbonaceous material with the subsequent receipt of a fuel briquette with a proper calorific value.

When obtaining a fuel briquette by briquetting a material consisting of carbonized biomass and only a resinous fraction of a pyrolysis liquid, the authors of the present invention found that adding only a resinous fraction of a pyrolysis liquid to the carbonized biomass does not lead to a uniform redistribution of this fraction among the particles of carbonized biomass due to its high viscosity ... As a result, no uniformly mixed material / mixture is formed, and the material is essentially not formed into briquettes. However, if a molded product is nevertheless obtained from such a heterogeneous material / mixture, the resulting product has very low and unsatisfactory strength due to the heterogeneity of the starting material / mixture.

The present inventors have found that in addition to the resinous fraction, it is also possible to add the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid to the carbonized biomass. Since the water-containing fraction of the pyrolysis liquid, as already mentioned above, also contains organic carbon-containing compounds in its composition, which can make an additional contribution to increasing the yield of the fuel briquette due to the carbonization of organic compounds, the authors of the present invention added the water-containing fraction to the carbonized biomass, thereby introducing it into composition of carbonaceous material.

It has been surprisingly found by the present inventors that the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid can be homogeneously mixed with the carbonized biomass particles of plant origin to obtain a uniform first mixture. In this case, the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid can be homogeneously mixed with a mixture of the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid and particles of carbonized biomass (i.e., with the first homogeneous mixture) to obtain a second homogeneous mixture, i.e. with obtaining a homogeneous mixture.

In the course of numerous studies, the authors of the present invention found that to obtain a fuel briquette with the necessary physicochemical characteristics containing a water-containing fraction and a resinous fraction of a pyrolysis liquid, an additional role for the formation of a fuel briquette with a homogeneous structure formed after its annealing is played by the order of mixing the fractions pyrolysis liquid, and an indispensable condition in the form of the presence of both fractions in the formation of a carbonaceous material. As already mentioned above, the presence of only the resinous fraction does not lead to the formation of a product of adequate strength. For example, when drying at room temperature, crumbling of the briquette edges is observed, and during annealing, even a collapse of its edges. The authors of the invention see the reason for this phenomenon in the uneven mixing of the carbonized biomass with the resinous fraction due to the adhesion of the resinous fraction to the working elements of the mixer.

Mixing the carbonized biomass only with the water-containing fraction of the pyrolysis liquid leads to the possibility of forming the resulting material into briquettes, but the strength of the briquettes after annealing does not correspond to the required strength. According to the authors, this may be caused by a different coefficient of thermal expansion of the organic / carbon-containing mass of carbonized biomass and water with organic / carbon-containing substances dissolved in it contained in the water-containing fraction, which can lead to the initiation of cracks that increase during the entire annealing stage, and as a result of obtaining a briquette of insufficient strength.

At the same time, it was found that mixing the carbonized biomass with the water-containing fraction, and only the subsequent mixing of the resulting mixture with the resinous fraction leads to less sticking of the resinous fraction to the working elements of the mixer, to homogeneous mixing of the mixture, which is confirmed by the data obtained as a result of studying the surface of the fuel briquette under microscopes obtained after annealing, where there is a uniform distribution of the resinous fraction between the particles of the carbonized biomass, which cannot be achieved without the participation of the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid. As a result, such a mixing and in this order of the water-containing and resinous fractions with carbonized biomass leads to a fuel briquette with a homogeneous structure, and with indicators of mechanical strength and calorific value, suitable for use in fuel, smelting furnaces.

In addition, it was found that the possibility of obtaining a homogeneous plastic mass capable of being molded into briquettes is influenced by a certain amount of added aqueous fraction and resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid to the carbonized biomass at the stage of forming the carbonaceous material.

In the course of experiments, the preferred formulation of the carbonaceous material was found, which allows the formation of carbonaceous material into briquettes, followed by obtaining briquettes with appropriate mechanical strength and heating value / heat of combustion:

- the content of carbonized biomass is 38-43 wt. %;

- the content of the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is 7-12 wt. %;

- the content of the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is 45-55 mass. %, more preferably 50 wt. %.

The content of each component of the carbonaceous material is based on the total weight of the carbonaceous material.

Based on the data on the mass content of these components of the carbon-containing material, it follows that in order to ensure the formation of the carbon-containing material into briquettes with the subsequent production of briquettes with proper mechanical strength and calorific value / heat of combustion, a certain ratio of the amount of the hydrous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid to the amount of the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid must be observed , which ranges from 4: 1 to 7: 1 by weight.

For preferred embodiments, it is also necessary to maintain ratios of carbonated biomass with water-containing fraction and resinous fraction, which are as follows:

the ratio of the amount of carbonized biomass to the amount of the hydrous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is from 0.76: 1 to 0.86: 1 by weight;

the ratio of the amount of carbonized biomass to the amount of resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is from 3.2: 1 to 6.1: 1 by weight.

Such a composition of the carbonaceous material contributes not only to obtaining a homogeneous plastic mass for briquetting and reducing dust emission during mixing, but also reduces the adhesion of carbonized biomass with a binder to the working elements of the mixer, which may be due to the formation of a colloidal system of components of carbonized biomass and a binder, which limits contact adhering particles with working elements of the mixer.

The authors of the present invention have also found that to obtain a strong briquette, coke chips can be added to the carbonized biomass at the stage of batch formation in an amount of 5-15 wt%, preferably 5-10 wt%, based on the total weight of carbonized biomass and coke chips. ... Along with an increase in the strength of the briquette, coke crumbs can additionally affect its reactivity, leading to its decrease. Also, the inventors of the present invention have found that the addition of coke chips (eg, coal-based coke coke) has a positive effect on the hot briquette strength, since the coal-based coke has a high strength value at elevated temperatures. At the same time, it was found that the addition of coke chips (for example, coke coke based on coal) is higher than 15% wt. leads to a decrease in the homogeneity of the charge after mixing the carbonized biomass with fractions of the pyrolysis liquid, which as a result leads to deterioration in the formation of the charge into a briquette.

Coke crumbs are added to the carbonized biomass before the addition of the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid, so that upon subsequent mixing with the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid to obtain the first mixture and mixing the first mixture with the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid, a homogeneous charge is obtained in which the coke crumb is evenly distributed throughout the entire mass. As coke crumb, for example, coke crumb of coke based on coal, metallurgical coke can be used.

The inventors of the present invention have found that from the point of view of obtaining a separate aqueous and resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid, the separation of the pyrolysis liquid into a water-containing fraction and a resinous fraction is preferably carried out by settling. The separation can be carried out by other suitable methods, however, the use of the method of settling the pyrolysis liquid for its separation is economically feasible and makes it possible to separate the pyrolysis liquid into the water-containing fraction and the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid, immiscible with the water-containing fraction of the pyrolysis liquid. Additionally, the inventors of the present invention have found that for better separation of the pyrolysis liquid into these fractions, it is possible to settle the pyrolysis liquid with simultaneous cooling. In this case, even more preferable from the point of view of the separation of fractions is the cooling of the pyrolysis liquid to a temperature in the range from 20 to 40 ° C. Also, it is preferable to settle the pyrolysis liquid for 24-48 hours for better separation.

The pyrolysis liquid is obtained by condensation of vapors of a steam-gas mixture obtained by pyrolysis of biomass of plant origin. This method of obtaining a pyrolysis liquid is the most efficient in terms of time and resource costs. The authors of the present invention have found that the most effective way to condense the vapor of a steam-gas mixture to obtain a pyrolysis liquid of the proper composition is condensation using a scrubber. Meanwhile, the scrubbing liquid in the scrubber is preferably a pyrolysis liquid that has been previously produced. By using a pyrolysis liquid as a scrubbing liquid, it is possible to avoid an increase in the cost of the process, while obtaining at the outlet of the scrubber a pyrolysis liquid having a proper composition for subsequent separation and mixing with the carbonized mass. At the same time, the inventors of the present invention have also found that the use of the pyrolysis liquid as a scrubbing liquid leads to an additional enrichment of the pyrolysis liquid obtained in the scrubber with organic / carbon-containing compounds, i.e. additional enrichment with carbon, which, in turn, makes it possible to obtain a fuel briquette with the required calorific value.

Vapors of the steam-gas mixture formed during pyrolysis are also pre-cooled with recycle gases, and the recycle gases are the non-condensable part of the steam-gas mixture leaving the scrubber. Due to the use of the non-condensable part of the steam-gas mixture leaving the scrubber as cooling recirculated gases, it is possible to provide a recirculated process, which improves the environmental friendliness of the process as a whole and, as a consequence, the fuel briquette. Also, the use of the non-condensable part of the steam-gas mixture as cooling recirculated gases makes it possible to avoid an increase in the cost of the process and, as a consequence, the fuel briquette, due to the absence of the need to use other refrigerants. At the same time, the preliminary cooling of the vapor of the vapor-gas mixture makes it possible to further improve the condensation of the vapor to obtain a pyrolysis liquid of the required composition.

Without limiting themselves by theory, the authors of the present invention believe that due to the presence in the fractions of the pyrolysis liquid of organic / carbon-containing compounds / substances released during the pyrolysis of biomass of plant origin, it is possible to obtain a carbon-containing material with the subsequent production of a fuel briquette with the required mechanical strength and calorific value / heat of combustion ... In the context of the present invention, the term “water-containing fraction” means a fraction of the pyrolysis liquid having an increased water content and a lower content of organic / carbon-containing compounds / substances in comparison with the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid. In the context of the present invention, the term “resinous fraction” means a fraction of the pyrolysis liquid which is substantially free of water and has an increased content of organic / carbonaceous compounds / substances in comparison with the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid. The term "substantially free of water" means that the water content of the resinous fraction is 1 to 5% by weight. These fractions of the pyrolysis liquid do not mix with each other or essentially do not mix with each other without the application of mechanical force and at temperatures below 40 ° C. The term "calorific value" refers to the heat of complete combustion of a unit mass of a substance. By "organic / carbonaceous substances / compounds" is meant organic carbonaceous compounds. Hot strength is understood as the ability of the briquette to withstand temperatures up to 800 ° C when a load is applied to it without destruction for 40-60 minutes under the conditions of the cupola's operation.

In addition, it was revealed that the shape of the briquette also plays a role in obtaining a durable fuel briquette with specified calorific characteristics. It was experimentally found that flaky briquettes, the width or thickness of which is more than two to three times less than the length, such as the shape of a brick, do not lead to a product with the required mechanical strength. This shape of the briquette at the stage of annealing leads to cracking of the briquette. Experimentally, the most optimal shape of a briquette in the form of a cube with a side length in the range of 90-125 mm was established, which is achieved by pressing the carbon-containing material with an effort on the press rod from 1 to 2 tons, as a result of which the volume of the briquette is reduced by 30%, followed by annealing in the temperature range 150-700 ° C.

The choice of the size of the cube is also due to the fact that since the inventive method is intended to produce mineral wool by melting raw materials in the cupola, to ensure good hydraulics and the "stroke" of the cupola, the size of the fuel briquette should be close to the size of the coke usually used for these purposes, i.e. ... be larger than 40 mm, but not more than 150 mm. In practice, the optimal fuel sizes are particles with a diameter approaching 0.1 of the cupola diameter, and as already mentioned above, the cupola diameter is approximately 1.25 m (1250 mm), and therefore the shape of the briquette is in the form of a cube with a side length of the interval 90-125 mm seems to be the best option for use in a cupola.

Also, for a more uniform thermal effect at the annealing stage, a hole is provided in the central part of the cube. The role of the hole in the briquette cube is as follows:

- firstly, the presence of a hole promotes uniform heating of the briquette, which can reduce the stress at the contact areas between the particles of carbonized biomass due to the uniform thermal expansion of the components of the carbon-containing material during the heating of the briquette. As a result, due to the absence of a thermal expansion difference within the briquette, cracking is prevented, since a more uniform shrinkage occurs, thus the shape also affects the production of a strong briquette.

- secondly, perforation of briquettes will reduce emissions into the atmosphere due to an increase in the completeness of combustion of briquettes during their use, which contributes to the production of an environmentally friendly fuel product.

At the same time, it was found that making the hole in the fuel briquette such that the diameter of the hole to the side of the cube is 1: 4 makes it possible to obtain an additionally stronger and more environmentally friendly fuel product, as mentioned above.

In addition to the fact that the hole contributes to obtaining a strong briquette due to its uniform heating, it also plays an important role at the time of smelting mineral raw materials in a smelting furnace, where its function is to form additional passages between pieces of raw materials and to promote uniform heating of raw materials. The gases formed as a result of the process will not lead to more intense melting in any particular places due to the presence of passages. At the same time, due to the presence of passages, there will be no lower temperature regions where the passage of gases is difficult, and as a result of which the melting and settling of the column of raw materials could slow down. Thus, the hole in the briquette prevents the formation of a monolith from the raw material, which could form in the place of slow passage of gases in the case when there are no passages.

Since the homogeneity of the melt determines the homogeneity, the uniformity of the physicochemical properties of the target product - mineral wool, which makes it possible to guarantee the production of mineral wool with the desired insulating properties, the presence of a hole in the briquette plays an important functional role in the method of producing mineral wool, which ensures uniform heating and melting of raw materials ...

Additionally, it has been found that the annealing of the fuel briquette should preferably be carried out in the temperature range of 150-900 ° C, more preferably 150-700 ° C to obtain a briquette of the required quality, having proper mechanical strength and heating value.

Thus, by mixing the carbonized biomass with a binder obtained during the pyrolysis of biomass of plant origin, taking into account a certain sequence of addition and a certain ratio of the components of the binder consisting of an aqueous fraction of a pyrolysis liquid and a resinous fraction of a pyrolysis liquid immiscible with a water-containing fraction, it is possible to obtain a carbon-containing material that when molded, preferably in a cube, and annealed at a temperature of 150-900 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of 150-700 ° C, even more preferably at a temperature of 700 ° C, results in a strong fuel briquette with the required heating value / heating value of the fuel ...

It should be noted that the annealing of the briquette in the range of 700-900 ° C leads to an increase in the hot strength of the briquette, which expands the range of application of the briquette in cupolas with an increased charge volume. However, this temperature range of annealing leads to an increase in energy consumption for briquette formation, which is not always acceptable.

To obtain a carbon-containing material with a uniform distribution of fractions of a pyrolysis liquid between particles of carbonized biomass, the process of forming a carbon-containing material is carried out as follows:

- mixing the carbonized biomass with the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid to obtain the first mixture, while the mixing can be carried out at a mixer rotation speed of 10-20 rpm, preferably 15 rpm;

- mixing the first mixture with the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid to obtain a carbon-containing material.

The mixing of the carbonized mass with the aqueous and resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid can be carried out in any mixer suitable for these purposes. However, the present inventors have found that from the point of view of obtaining an additionally more homogeneous mixture of carbonized biomass particles with aqueous and resinous fractions of pyrolysis resin and, as a consequence, proper briquette strength, a paddle mixer can be used for mixing.

The inventors of the present invention have also found that the strength of the briquette can be further improved by compacting the resulting carbonaceous material. Compaction can be carried out by 10-fold puncturing to uniformly impregnate, grind, remove air and give the carbonaceous material a plastic structure. For these purposes, any mixer that homogenizes the carbonaceous material can be used. The present inventors have found that a roll mixer with a roll speed of 90-110 rpm is the most preferred equipment for this purpose.

The obtained impregnated carbonaceous material can be molded on a press with a design force on the rod from 1 to 2 tons, which makes it possible to obtain a briquette with the proper mechanical strength. During pressing, the volume of the briquette is reduced by 20-30%. It was experimentally found that the most preferable shape of the briquette to improve heat transfer, improve strength and facilitate the release of volatiles is a shape close to cubic with cube sides of 90-125 mm with a through hole in the central part of the cube.

The obtained raw briquettes were dried in air at room temperature for a period from 72 to 170 hours, as a result of which excess fractions of the pyrolysis liquid were removed, which, in turn, made it possible to obtain an additional more uniform and durable briquette structure after subsequent annealing.

Subsequently, the carbon-containing material formed into briquettes is subjected to annealing to obtain fuel briquettes. The annealing process is carried out at temperatures of 150-700 ° C. By using these temperatures, it is possible to obtain a fuel briquette having proper mechanical strength and heating value.

The inventors of the present invention have found that, in terms of improving the mechanical strength of the briquette, the annealing process can be carried out as follows:

- drying: 150 ° С - 6 hours, 200 ° С - 6 hours, 250 ° С - 6 hours, in total 24 hours, taking into account the exit to the set temperature;

- temperature rise up to 300 ° С with keeping at a given temperature for 5-6 hours;

- bringing the temperature to 500 ° C at a rate of 25 ° C / h and keeping it at a given temperature for 2-3 hours;

- pyrolysis at 650-700 ° C for 2-5 hours;

- unloading of briquettes after annealing into a hermetically sealed container for stabilization.

Unloading briquettes into a sealed container contributes to less cracking of briquettes, since, due to the cessation of smoldering briquettes, they are less susceptible to oxidation.

The briquettes of the present invention have physicochemical characteristics shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Physical and chemical parameters of a fuel briquette based on sunflower seed husk.

Parameter Dry value ** Working condition value * Total moisture,%, according to ISO 579 - 4.0 Ash,%, according to ISO 1171 10.7 10.2 Volatile matter yield,%, according to ISO 562 6.5 6,3 Gross calorific value (calorific value) ***, kcal / kg, according to ISO 1928 7277 (30447kJ / kg) 6985 (29225 kJ / kg) Net calorific value (calorific value) ****, kcal / kg, according to ISO 1928 6881 (28790 kJ / kg) Total sulfur,%, according to ISO 19579 0.13 0.12 Hydrogen,%, according to ISO 29541 1.73 1.66

* - operating condition of the fuel - the condition of the fuel with the same total moisture content and ash content with which it is shipped or used

** - dry state of fuel - state of fuel that does not contain total moisture

*** - the amount of heat released during complete combustion of a unit mass of a fuel product in a compressed oxygen environment under specified conditions;

**** - amount of heat equal to the highest heat of combustion minus the heat of evaporation of water released during combustion of the fuel product

Also, the mechanical strength of the obtained briquette was determined by dropping it from a height of no more than 3 m. When falling, the briquette broke into no more than 3 parts, that is, the briquette is characterized by high strength.

The average values of the physicochemical characteristics of the fuel briquette according to the present invention from different types of raw materials of plant origin, in comparison with coke, are presented in Table 4.

Table 4. Physicochemical characteristics of a fuel briquette obtained from biomass of plant origin in comparison with coke.

Physicochemical parameter Fuel briquette Coal-derived coke Humidity, mass. %, according to GOST R 53357 0.1-3.7 0.7 Ash content, mass. %. 6.0-10.1 9.2 Volatile matter content, wt. %, according to GOST R 53357 4.9-9.0 0,4 Non-volatile carbon, wt. %, according to GOST R 53357 82.1-89.0 89.7 Calorific value (calorific value), kJ / kg, according to ISO 1928 30447-32615 29780 Sulfur content,% wt. according to ISO 19579 0.02-0.19 0.54

Table 4 clearly shows that the values of the physicochemical parameters for a fuel briquette obtained from raw materials of plant origin and for coke are comparable, which indicates that according to the present invention it is possible to obtain a fuel briquette with the required heat of combustion. Also, the mechanical strength of the fuel briquette, defined as breaking into no more than 3 parts when dropped from a height of 3 m, indicates the strength of the fuel briquette, and the possibility of its use, including in furnaces with vertical loading. It should be noted that the sulfur content in the coke is significantly higher than the content in the fuel briquette, which indicates the preferable use of fuel briquettes obtained from biomass of plant origin in the method for producing mineral wool according to the present invention as compared to coke.

In addition, in coke, the iron content is 1.8%, and in the plant raw materials used to obtain fuel briquettes, the iron content is in the range of 0.01-0.13%. Since the ash content of coke and a fuel briquette from biomass of plant origin are comparable, it becomes obvious the advantage of using a fuel briquette from biomass of plant origin in the method for producing mineral wool according to the present invention. Thus, the iron content in the coke exceeds the iron content in the fuel briquette by more than 13.6 times, since the content of iron, which is part of the raw material used to obtain the fuel briquette, will remain in the course of technological transformations and will contribute to the ash component fuel. Thus, the advantages of using a biomass fuel briquette of plant origin in comparison with coke in terms of sulfur and iron content are clearly traced.

To assess the changes that occurred with the carbonized product after annealing, the microstructure of the surface of the briquetted fuel product after its annealing, as well as the microstructure of the carbonized product obtained after pyrolysis of plant biomass, were studied.

Figures 1-3 clearly show that the structure has changed, which is due to the fact that the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid (lighter areas in Fig. 1) filled the space between the particles of carbonized biomass, which indicates good mixing of the carbonized biomass with the pyrolysis liquid, which was carried out by sequentially mixing the carbonized biomass with the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid to obtain the first mixture, which in turn was mixed with the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid to obtain a carbon-containing material.

Thus, obtaining a fuel briquette with the necessary characteristics in terms of calorific value, as well as obtaining fuel briquettes of the required mechanical strength, is additionally influenced by the sequence of mixing the fractions of the pyrolysis liquid to the carbonized biomass with subsequent molding of the carbon-containing material.

Examples of

Comparative example A with resinous fraction

To 760 g of carbonized biomass (based on dry matter), obtained as a result of pyrolysis of sunflower husk, 300 g of resinous fraction was added. The ratio of carbonized biomass to resinous fraction is 2.5: 1. Mixing was carried out in a paddle mixer with a mixer rotation frequency of 15 rpm. Uniform mixing did not occur, the resinous part adhered to the surface of the mixer blade. Attempts have been made to mold the resulting material / mixture on a hand press with a design force on the rod of up to 2 tons into a cube shape with a through hole. However, molding the resulting material / mixture into a predetermined shape did not result in a tightly adhered briquette. Keeping the briquettes at room temperature for 170 hours led to a partial collapse of the cube edges, and upon further heating, in some cases, the cube edges. The resulting briquetted forms were subjected to annealing at the following temperature conditions: 150 ° C - 6 hours, 200 ° C - 6 hours, 250 ° C - 6 hours, for a total of 24 hours, taking into account reaching the set temperature; raising the temperature to 300 ° C with holding at a given temperature for 5 hours, raising the temperature to 500 ° C at a rate of 25 ° C / h and holding at a given temperature for 3 hours; rise in temperature to 650-675 ° С within 3 hours.

After annealing in order to prevent smoldering of the obtained forms, they were placed in a hermetically sealed container.

Physicochemical characteristics of the obtained product: heat of combustion 29280 kJ / kg, humidity 1.5% wt., Ash content 10.2% wt., Content of volatile substances 6.8% wt., Content of non-volatile carbon 81.5% wt. The cold strength test - dropping a fuel briquette from a height of 3 m - was not carried out, since the briquette was not molded into a given shape.

Comparative example B with a water-containing fraction

To 500 g of carbonized biomass (based on dry matter) obtained as a result of pyrolysis of sunflower husk, add 500 g of an aqueous fraction of pyrolysis liquid obtained as a result of settling after pyrolysis of sunflower husk. The ratio of the carbonized biomass to the water-containing fraction is 1: 1. The amount of the water-containing fraction is increased compared to the resinous fraction in Comparative Example A due to the content in the water-containing fraction of less organic matter in comparison with the resinous part, which could lead to strengthening of the briquette when heated. Mixing was carried out in a paddle mixer with a mixer rotation frequency of 15 rpm, no sticking occurred. The resulting mixture was mixed and compacted in a roller mixer, in which the mixture is rubbed between the rollers to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The resulting impregnated mixture was molded on a hand press with a design force on the rod up to 2 tons into a cube shape with a through hole. The briquette with the shape of a cube was annealed at the following temperature conditions: 150 ° C - 6 hours, 200 ° C - 6 hours, 250 ° C - 6 hours, 24 hours in total, taking into account the exit to the set temperature; raising the temperature to 300 ° C with holding at a given temperature for 5 hours, raising the temperature to 500 ° C at a rate of 25 ° C / h and holding at a given temperature for 3 hours; rise in temperature to 650-675 ° С within 3 hours.

After annealing, the briquettes were unloaded into a hermetically sealed container for stabilization.

Physicochemical characteristics of the obtained product: heat of combustion 29200 kJ / kg, humidity 4.0% wt., Ash content 10.1% wt., Content of volatile substances 5.8% wt., Content of non-volatile carbon 80.1% wt. When dropping a fuel briquette from a height of 3 m, it breaks down into more than 3 parts, namely, into 5 large parts with the splitting off of many small pieces.

Example 1 without following the briquette recipe

To 1000 g of carbonized biomass (based on dry matter) obtained as a result of pyrolysis of sunflower husks, 500 g of an aqueous fraction of pyrolysis liquid obtained as a result of settling after pyrolysis of sunflower seed husks was added. Mixing was carried out in a paddle mixer with a mixer rotation frequency of 15 rpm. To the resulting first mixture was added 500 g of a resinous fraction of a pyrolysis liquid immiscible with water, obtained as a result of settling after pyrolysis of sunflower husks. The ratio of the carbonized biomass with the water-containing fraction and the resinous fraction was 1: 0.5: 0.5. The adhesion of the resinous fraction to the surface of the mixer blade was less evident, but persisted. The resulting carbonaceous material was mixed and compacted in a roller mixer. In view of the remaining adhesion of the resinous fraction to the surface of the mixer blade, uniform mixing was not achieved. The obtained impregnated carbon-containing material was molded on a hand press with a design force on the rod up to 2 tons into a cube shape with a through hole. The briquette with the shape of a cube was annealed at the following temperature conditions: 150 ° C - 6 hours, 200 ° C - 6 hours, 250 ° C - 6 hours, 24 hours in total, taking into account the exit to the set temperature; raising the temperature to 300 ° C with holding at a given temperature for 5 hours, raising the temperature to 500 ° C at a rate of 25 ° C / h and holding at a given temperature for 3 hours; rise in temperature to 650-675 ° С within 3 hours.

After annealing, the briquettes were unloaded into a hermetically sealed container for stabilization.

Physicochemical characteristics of the resulting product: heat of combustion 30080 kJ / kg, moisture 2.6% wt., Ash content 9.8% wt., Volatile matter content 6.2% wt., Non-volatile carbon content 81.4% wt. When dropping a fuel briquette from a height of 3 m, it breaks into more than 3 parts, namely into 4 parts, and 3 parts were stronger, and one part was cracked.

Example 2 - according to the invention

To 760 g of carbonized biomass (based on dry matter) obtained as a result of pyrolysis of sunflower husk, add 1000 g of an aqueous fraction of pyrolysis liquid obtained as a result of settling after pyrolysis of sunflower seed husk. Mixing was carried out in a paddle mixer with a mixer rotation frequency of 15 rpm. To the resulting first mixture was added 240 g of a resinous fraction of a pyrolysis liquid immiscible with water, obtained as a result of settling after pyrolysis of sunflower husks. The ratio of carbonized biomass with water-containing fraction and resinous fraction is 1: 1.3: 0.3. There was a uniform mixing of the carbonaceous material. The resulting carbonaceous material was mixed and compacted in a roller mixer, in which the carbonaceous material was rubbed between the rollers, as a result of which mixing, crushing and homogenization of the carbonaceous material occurred. The obtained impregnated carbon-containing material was molded on a hand press with a design force on the rod up to 2 tons into a cube shape with a through hole. The briquette with the shape of a cube was dried for 168 hours at room temperature, then annealed at the following temperature conditions: 150 ° С - 6 hours, 200 ° С - 6 hours, 250 ° С - 6 hours, 24 hours in total, taking into account the exit to the set temperature; raising the temperature to 300 ° C with holding at a given temperature for 5 hours, raising the temperature to 500 ° C at a rate of 25 ° C / h and holding at a given temperature for 3 hours; rise in temperature to 650-675 ° С within 3 hours.

After annealing, the briquettes were unloaded into a hermetically sealed container for stabilization.

Physicochemical characteristics of the obtained product: heat of combustion 30447 kJ / kg, moisture 1.6% wt., Ash content 10.1% wt., Volatile matter content 6.0% wt., Content of non-volatile carbon 82.3% wt. , sulfur content 0.13% wt. When dropping a fuel briquette from a height of 3 m, it does not break into more than 3 parts.

Example 3 - according to the invention

Similar to example 1, but to obtain carbonized biomass and pyrolysis liquid in the form of a settled water-containing fraction and resinous fraction, wheat straw was used. Carbonized biomass was taken in an amount of 800 g (based on dry matter), the water-containing fraction of liquid pyrolysis products was used in an amount of 1000 g, the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid obtained as a result of pyrolysis of wheat straw was used in an amount of 200 g. The ratio of carbonized biomass to the water-containing fraction and the gum fraction was 1: 1.25: 0.25. There was a homogeneous mixing of the carbonaceous material. The briquette with the shape of a cube was dried for 144 hours at room temperature, then annealed at the following temperature conditions: 150 ° С - 6 hours, 200 ° С - 6 hours, 250 ° С - 6 hours, 24 hours in total, taking into account the exit to the set temperature; raising the temperature to 300 ° C with holding at a given temperature for 6 hours, raising the temperature to 500 ° C at a rate of 25 ° C / h and holding at a given temperature for 3 hours; temperature rise to 650-675 ° C within 3.5 hours.

Physicochemical characteristics of the obtained product: heat of combustion 32000 kJ / kg, humidity 1.5% wt., Ash content 10.1% wt., Content of volatile substances 6.0% wt., Content of non-volatile carbon 88.4% wt. , sulfur content 0.15% wt. When dropping a fuel briquette from a height of 3 m, it does not break into more than 3 parts.

Example 4 according to the invention

Similar to example 1, but to obtain carbonized biomass and pyrolysis liquid in the form of settled water-containing fraction and resinous fraction, sawdust of birch wood was used. Carbonized biomass was taken in the amount of 840 g (based on dry matter), the water-containing fraction of liquid pyrolysis products was used in the amount of 1000 g, the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid was used in the amount of 160 g. The ratio of carbonized biomass with the water-containing fraction and the resinous fraction was 1: 1 , 2: 0.2. There was a homogeneous mixing of the carbonaceous material. The briquette with the shape of a cube was dried for 80 hours at room temperature, then annealed at the following temperature conditions: 150 ° C - 6 hours, 200 ° C - 6 hours, 250 ° C - 6 hours, 24 hours in total, taking into account the exit to the set temperature; raising the temperature to 300 ° C with holding at a given temperature for 6 hours, raising the temperature to 500 ° C at a rate of 25 ° C / h and holding at a given temperature for 3 hours; temperature rise to 650-675 ° C within 5 hours.

Physicochemical characteristics of the obtained product: heat of combustion 32115 kJ / kg, moisture 2.1% wt., Ash content 9.9% wt., Volatile matter content 5.9% wt., Content of non-volatile carbon 88.4% wt. , the sulfur content is not detected. When dropping a fuel briquette from a height of 3 m, it does not break into more than 3 parts.

Comparative example of obtaining mineral wool using coal coke

The cupola was loaded with 203 kg of coal coke, 1500 kg of mineral raw materials (basalt, dolomite). During the process, the raw material moves along the height of the furnace to the combustion zone, into which oxygen-enriched air is fed through the tuyeres. Under the influence of heat, a melt of stone material is formed, which is then used to obtain stone wool.

It was determined that the temperature of the melt is 1401-1417 ° C, the relative viscosity of the melt is 18-21 cm.

An example of obtaining mineral wool by the method of the present invention

The cupola was loaded with 158 kg of coal coke, 50 kg of a fuel briquette from biomass of plant origin, 1500 kg of mineral raw materials (basalt, dolomite). The raw material moves along the height of the furnace to the combustion zone, into which oxygen-enriched air is fed through the tuyeres. Under the influence of heat, a melt of stone material is formed, which is then used to obtain stone wool.

It was determined that the temperature of the melt is 1363-1392 ° C, the relative viscosity of the melt is 18 cm.

Determination of the relative viscosity was carried out as follows: a sample of the melt was taken into a viscometer, which was poured into the tube, after solidification, the distance over which the sample spread was measured. The relative viscosity was determined in centimeters.

Analysis of the data obtained as a result of the experiments carried out indicates that the use of only the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid does not lead to the formation of the mixture into briquettes due to the impossibility of uniform distribution of the viscous resinous fraction among the particles of carbonized biomass due to its adhesion to the mixer elements, which does not allow get a homogeneously mixed mixture. As a result, a part of the carbonized biomass remains not at all mixed with the resinous fraction, which does not allow the resulting mass to be formed into a briquette of the required shape and with the specified strength characteristics.

The use of a water-containing fraction leads to the formation of a briquette, but does not allow obtaining a briquette with the desired strength characteristics, which may be due to the fact that water and organic substances contained in the water-containing fraction differ from the organic mass of carbonized biomass by the coefficient of thermal expansion, which results in to obtain a briquette of insufficient strength.

The presence of a briquette, including a water-containing fraction and a resinous fraction, of greater strength may be due to the fact that the resinous fraction contains thermally stable hydrocarbon compounds that contribute to the binding of particles of carbonized biomass. In this case, to obtain a homogenized carbon-containing material, it is necessary to carry out the initial mixing of the carbonized biomass with the water-containing fraction, followed by the addition of the resinous fraction, which contributes to less adhesion of the resinous fraction to the mixer elements. To achieve the least adhesion of the resinous fraction on the mixer elements, and as a result of eliminating the loss of the resinous fraction, it is necessary to observe the ratio of the amount of the added water-containing fraction and the resinous fraction, which can be in the range from 4: 1 to 7: 1 by weight, which as a result leads to uniform distribution of the resinous fraction between the particles of carbonized biomass, as can be clearly seen in Fig. 1. The colloidal system probably formed during mixing of the components of the carbonized biomass, the water-containing fraction and the resinous fraction contributes to the fact that the carbon-containing material can be uniformly mixed, minimizing the contact of the viscous resinous fraction with the mixer elements, and thus contributing to a more uniform distribution of the resinous fraction between the particles of the carbonized biomass which leads to the production of a homogenized carbon-containing material with the subsequent production of a fuel briquette with the required heating value.

Analysis of the calorific value of the comparative examples and the examples according to the invention shows that the calorific value of the resulting product is approximately the same. Apparently, the comparable calorific value of comparative example A and comparative example B is due to the fact that in the first case, an additional amount of carbon contributes to the calorific value, which can be formed from the resinous fraction during annealing of the briquette with a temperature rise from 150 ° C to 700 ° C. ... The retention of the calorific value in comparative example B comparable to the calorific value in comparative example A can be due to the release of hydrogen, which can contribute to the total calorific value of the briquette, and which can be formed as a result of the interaction of carbon with water retained in the pores of the fuel briquette, according to the reaction:

C + H ₂ O = H ₂ + CO

under conditions of water shortage due to its evaporation during annealing at temperatures from 150 ° C to 700 ° C.

In this case, the comparability of the values of non-volatile carbon in all examples may be due to the fact that the resinous fraction that is part of the briquette in comparative example A and examples 1-4 during annealing from 150 ° C to 700 ° C additionally contributes to carbon due to the resulting coke part, and in the case of comparative example B, as well as examples 1-4, the water-containing fraction included in the briquette will lead to the formation of water vapor, which, along with the tar released during heating and decomposition gases, will lead to the creation of a protective atmosphere cloud. In this case, the combustion of the evolved gases and vapors will be carried out at the periphery of the gas cloud. Thus, ashing of coal particles with atmospheric oxygen is minimized, which ensures the required level of carbon content, thereby increasing the calorific value of coke. In addition, the formation of a protective atmosphere cloud prevents an increase in the ash content of the fuel as a result of the loss of a part of the combustible component by the fuel.

It should be noted that a slightly increased value of the ash content in comparative example A may be due to the fact that it was not possible to achieve dense molding of the briquette, and the annealing occurred to a greater extent due to the looseness of the resulting shape, which led to a slight decrease in the carbon component, and, as a consequence, an increase in ash content.

Thus, mixing the carbonized biomass with the water-containing fraction of the pyrolysis liquid and the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid immiscible with the water-containing fraction, at a specially determined ratio of the water-containing and resinous fractions of the pyrolysis liquid, which ensures the production of a uniformly mixed carbon-containing material, with subsequent molding and annealing. with the required calorific value, which allows the use of a fuel briquette in fuel, smelting furnaces for melting and / or recovery of mineral raw materials. At the same time, obtaining a fuel briquette can be carried out in an environmentally friendly and cost-effective way due to the use of pyrolysis by-products and the absence of the need for waste disposal. At the same time, the physicochemical indicators of the fuel briquette indicate the possibility of its use as a fuel in a method for producing mineral wool. In this connection, the use of a fuel briquette in the method of producing mineral wool leads to a reduction in the cost of the production process due to the possibility of replacing expensive coke with a more environmentally friendly fuel briquette from biomass of plant origin, the use of which allows not only to reduce the amount of by-products formed during the implementation of the method, but also to improve ecological component of the process.

As can be seen from the comparative examples of the production of mineral wool by the method of the present invention and the method using coal coke, the temperature of the rock material melt and the relative viscosity of the melt in the comparative example and in the example of the production of mineral wool by the method of the present invention are comparable, which indicates the proper calorific value of the fuel briquette from biomass of plant origin and the possibility of using it instead of coal coke.

Also, it should be noted that the fact that the temperature of the melt obtained from the stone material using a fuel briquette according to the invention is comparable to the temperature of the melted stone material obtained using coal coke indicates that the hot strength of the fuel briquette is acceptable for use. in the cupola.

This effect can be achieved only if the fuel briquette enters the combustion zone without destruction, where the fuel briquette can give its thermal energy to the stone material sufficiently to melt the latter.

Estimation of the hot strength of a fuel briquette

From the fuel briquette obtained according to Example 2, rectangular samples with dimensions of 100x40x30 mm were cut by sawing. Then, the fracture force of the sawn-off specimens was measured in compression at temperatures of 600 ° C and 800 ° C with holding for 60 minutes.

Received a fuel briquette according to Example 2 with the addition of crumbs of coal coke to the carbonized biomass before mixing with the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid. From the obtained fuel briquette, rectangular samples of 100x40x30 mm in size were obtained by sawing out. Then, the fracture force of the sawn-off specimens was measured in compression at temperatures of 600 ° C and 800 ° C with holding for 60 minutes.

Table 5

No. Sample type Compression fracture force, kN 600 ^o C 800 ^o C 1 Example 2 15 13 2 Example 2 and 5% of the mass. coal coke crumbs sixteen fourteen 3 Example 2 and 10% of the mass. coal coke crumbs 18 sixteen 4 Example 2 and 15% of the mass. coal coke crumbs 20 18

Analysis of the data obtained as a result of the experiments carried out indicates that the fuel briquette of the present invention has sufficient hot strength for its use in fuel / smelting furnaces (eg cupola). Also, based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the addition of coal coke crumb to the carbonized biomass improves the hot strength of the fuel briquette.

Claims (64)

1. A method of obtaining mineral wool, containing the stages, which: - load the cupola with solid fuel and raw mineral raw materials; - provide melting of mineral raw materials, - ensure the production of mineral wool, moreover, the solid fuel contains a fuel briquette made of annealed carbonaceous material, including: - carbonized biomass of plant origin; - binder, including: i) a hydrous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid obtained by separating the pyrolysis liquid by settling, the pyrolysis liquid being formed by pyrolysis of biomass of plant origin; and ii) a resinous fraction of a pyrolysis liquid obtained by separating the pyrolysis liquid by settling, the pyrolysis liquid being formed by pyrolysis of biomass of plant origin, wherein the resinous fraction is immiscible with the water-containing fraction, moreover, the amount of the water-containing fraction in relation to the amount of the resinous fraction is from 4: 1 to 7: 1 by weight. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carbon-containing material is obtained by mixing the carbonized biomass with the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid to obtain a first mixture, followed by mixing the resulting first mixture with the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, where the content of carbonized biomass is 38-43 wt%, the content of the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is 7-12 wt% and the content of the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is 45-55 wt%. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid and the water-containing fraction of the pyrolysis liquid include condensed vapors of the vapor-gas mixture obtained by pyrolysis. 5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the resinous and water-containing fractions contain carbon-containing organic compounds formed during the pyrolysis of plant biomass. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, where the content of carbon-containing organic compounds formed during the pyrolysis of carbonized biomass in the resinous fraction is greater than in the water-containing fraction. 7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the water-containing fraction and the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid are obtained by separating the pyrolysis liquid by settling the pyrolysis liquid. 8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the water-containing fraction and the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid are obtained by separating the pyrolysis liquid by settling the pyrolysis liquid with simultaneous cooling. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the pyrolysis liquid is cooled to a temperature in the range from 20 to 40 ° C. 10. The method according to claim 1, where the ratio of the amount of the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid to the amount of carbonized biomass is from 1.2: 1 to 1.3: 1 by weight. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid to the amount of carbonized biomass is from 0.16: 1 to 0.32: 1 by weight. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous material is in the shape of a cube with an opening in its central portion. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the ratio of the hole diameter to the side of the cube is 1: 4. 14. The method according to claim 1, where the carbonized biomass comprises particles of carbonized biomass, and the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is made with the possibility of homogeneous mixing with particles of the carbonized biomass, and wherein the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is made with the possibility of homogeneous mixing with a mixture of the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid and particles of the carbonized biomass. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the fuel briquette is formed from a molded and annealed carbonaceous material comprising carbonized plant biomass and a binder. 16. A method according to claim 1 or 15, wherein the briquette is in the shape of a cube with side lengths in the range of 90-125 mm. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the cube-shaped briquette has a through hole in its central portion. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the ratio of the hole diameter to briquette side length is 1: 4. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the briquette is further dried prior to annealing at room temperature for 72 to 170 hours. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the briquette is formed into a cube by compression. 21. The method according to claim 1, wherein the briquette is annealed at a temperature in the range of 150-900 ° C, preferably 150-700 ° C. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the briquette has a sulfur content of less than 0.2%. 23. The method of claim 1, wherein the mineral wool is insulation mineral wool. 24. A method according to claim 1, wherein the carbonized biomass included in the carbonaceous material comprises 5-15 wt%, preferably 5-10 wt%, coke crumb based on the total weight of carbonized biomass and coke crumb. 25. The use of a fuel briquette as fuel for the production of mineral wool, moreover, the fuel briquette is made of annealed carbon-containing material, including: - carbonized biomass of plant origin; - binder, including: i) a hydrous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid obtained by separating the pyrolysis liquid by settling, the pyrolysis liquid being formed by pyrolysis of biomass of plant origin; and ii) a resinous fraction of a pyrolysis liquid obtained by separating the pyrolysis liquid by settling, the pyrolysis liquid being formed by pyrolysis of biomass of plant origin, wherein the resinous fraction is immiscible with the water-containing fraction, moreover, the amount of the water-containing fraction in relation to the amount of the resinous fraction is from 4: 1 to 7: 1 by weight. 26. Use according to claim 25, wherein the carbonaceous material is obtained by mixing the carbonized biomass with an aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid to obtain a first mixture, followed by mixing the resulting first mixture with a resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid. 27. Use according to claim 25 or 26, wherein the content of the carbonized biomass is 38-43 wt%, the content of the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is 7-12 wt% and the content of the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is 45-55 wt%. 28. The use according to any one of claims 25-27, in which the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid and the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid include condensed vapors of the vapor-gas mixture obtained by pyrolysis. 29. The use according to any one of claims 25-28, where the resinous and water-containing fractions contain carbon-containing organic compounds formed during the pyrolysis of biomass of plant origin. 30. The use according to any one of claims 25-29, where the content of carbon-containing organic compounds formed during the pyrolysis of carbonized biomass in the resinous fraction is greater than in the water-containing fraction. 31. The use according to any one of claims 25-30, wherein the water-containing fraction and the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid are obtained by separating the pyrolysis liquid by settling the pyrolysis liquid. 32. Use according to any one of claims 25 to 31, wherein the water-containing fraction and the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid are obtained by separating the pyrolysis liquid by settling the pyrolysis liquid with simultaneous cooling. 33. Use according to claim 32, wherein the pyrolysis liquid is cooled to a temperature in the range from 20 to 40 ° C. 34. Use according to claim 25, wherein the ratio of the amount of the hydrous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid to the amount of carbonized biomass is from 1.2: 1 to 1.3: 1 by weight. 35. Use according to claim 25, wherein the ratio of the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid to the amount of carbonized biomass is from 0.16: 1 to 0.32: 1 by weight. 36. Use according to claim 25, wherein the material is in the shape of a cube with an opening in its central part. 37. Use according to claim 36, wherein the ratio of the hole diameter to the side of the cube is 1: 4. 38. The use according to claim 25, where the carbonized biomass comprises particles of carbonized biomass, and the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is made with the possibility of homogeneous mixing with particles of the carbonized biomass, and wherein the resinous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid is made with the possibility of homogeneous mixing with a mixture of the aqueous fraction of the pyrolysis liquid and particles of carbonized biomass. 39. Use according to claim 25, wherein the fuel briquette is formed from a molded and annealed carbonaceous material comprising carbonized plant biomass and a binder. 40. Use according to claim 25, wherein the briquette is in the shape of a cube with side lengths in the range of 90-125 mm. 41. Use according to claim 40, wherein the cube-shaped briquette has a through hole in its central portion. 42. Use according to claim 41, wherein the ratio of hole diameter to briquette side length is 1: 4. 43. Use according to claim 25, wherein the briquette is further dried prior to annealing at room temperature for 72 to 170 hours. 44. Use according to claim 39, wherein the briquette is formed into a cube by pressing. 45. Use according to claim 25, wherein the briquette is annealed at a temperature in the range 150-900 ° C, preferably 150-700 ° C. 46. Use according to claim 25, wherein the briquette has a sulfur content of less than 0.2%. 47. Use according to claim 25, wherein the carbonized biomass included in the carbonaceous material comprises 5-15 wt%, preferably 5-10 wt% coke cakes based on the total weight of the carbonized biomass and coke cakes.

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