RU2329356C2 - Hydraulic hammer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building.

SUBSTANCE: hydraulic hammer contains a tubular frame, a percussive mass arranged inside the frame and capable of reciprocating movement along the frame and a hydraulic cylinder to reallocate the percussive mass fixed at the frame and incorporating a piston to a rod jointed with the percussive mass. On the inner side of the frame, along its generating line, two or more wading rods, which contact with the percussive mass and function as runner slides for its reciprocating movement, are fixed.

EFFECT: simplified design and improved fabric ability of the hydraulic hammer; decreased production costs.

6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to construction machines for driving reinforced concrete piles, steel pipes, sheet piling and other driven elements into the ground.

Known hydraulic hammer type MHU, manufactured by the German corporation FERROSTAAL under the brand name MENCK [1]. The hydraulic hammer contains a tubular body, a cylindrical shock mass, placed inside the body with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the body along its axis, a hydraulic cylinder for moving the shock mass, mounted on the body and having a piston with a rod connected to the shock mass through a spring suspension.

The design of the mentioned hydraulic hammer solves one of the technical problems of tubular hydraulic hammers: ensuring free movement of air from the body cavity above the shock mass into the cavity under the shock mass, and vice versa, when the shock mass moves up and down, respectively. To solve this problem, in the aforementioned hydraulic hammer, the casing is made in the form of two coaxially arranged pipes forming an annular annular cross-sectional space, the inner pipe of the casing having openings near the ends. When the shock mass moves up and down, the air inside the body accordingly moves from the cavity above the shock mass into the cavity under the shock mass, and vice versa, through openings in the inner tube and the annular annular space of the body.

The mentioned device has a significant drawback: the high cost of production, which is determined by the structural and technological complexity of the double-walled building. This drawback is compounded by the fact that the inner tube of the casing serves as a guide for the shock mass during its movements and must be made of alloy steel and precision machined along the inner diameter along the entire length of the casing.

The closest in technical solution are piling hydraulic hammers of types S and SC, which are produced in the Netherlands by IHC [2]. The hydraulic hammer comprises a tubular body, a shock mass placed inside the body with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the body along its axis, a hydraulic cylinder for moving the shock mass mounted on the body and having a piston with a rod integral with the shock mass.

In this device, the shock mass from both ends has cylindrical protrusions of a much smaller diameter, which serve as guides when the shock mass moves, and the upper protrusion simultaneously serves as the rod of the hydraulic cylinder. Moreover, between the shock mass and the body there is an annular gap through which the body cavities above and below the shock mass communicate.

The main disadvantage of this device, as well as the first analogue, is the high cost of production, determined by the technological complexity of manufacturing the shock mass of complex shape and long length, as well as the need to produce the shock mass of high-alloy expensive steel from which the rods are made.

There is a second drawback: very large diameters of the rod and piston lead to an increase in friction power losses and a decrease in the efficiency of the hydraulic hammer working process.

The task of the invention is to simplify the design and improve the manufacturability of the hydraulic hammer in order to reduce the cost of its production.

The problem is solved in that the hydraulic hammer includes a tubular body, a shock mass placed inside the body with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the body, a hydraulic cylinder for moving the shock mass, mounted on the body and having a piston with a rod connected to the shock mass. On the inner side of the housing along its generators are placed mounted on the housing two or more rods in contact with grooves made in a cylindrical shock mass along its generators.

Due to the fact that the shock mass is in contact with the rods and moves along them, as along the guides, there is an annular gap between the shock mass along its entire length and the body, which communicates the cavities in the body above and below the shock mass. When moving the shock mass, air is freely distilled from one of the mentioned cavities to another and back through the annular space between the body and the shock mass.

It is advisable if the rods in the cross section have a triangular shape and face the impact mass with a vertex with an angle of 90 °, while the impact mass has a cylindrical shape and along the generators are grooves of a triangular shape, facing a vertex with an angle of 90 ° to the axis of the impact mass, and the grooves contact with the rods. This form of the cross section of the rods and grooves of the shock mass provide, on the one hand, manufacturability and cost reduction, on the other hand, increase the reliability and durability of the device.

In the grooves of the shock mass, anti-friction inserts in contact with the rods can be installed. It is advisable to place the inserts as close to the ends of the shock mass as possible in order to increase the distance between them in the direction of the generatrix of the shock mass and thereby reduce friction when the shock mass is subjected to a bending moment in the process of impact. The main advantage of this option is the possibility of using rubbing pairs without lubrication.

The ends of the rods can be fixed in the grooves made in the thickened parts of the body at its ends. The advantage of the option is that it allows to ensure the accuracy of the location of the rods in relation to the shock mass technologically - machining of the body.

The rods may also have one or more intermediate connections with the housing along their length to increase the longitudinal stiffness of the rods to avoid possible bending of them in operation.

In the area of the intermediate connection between the housing and the bar, a thick-walled steel ring may be welded to the housing from the outside. This ring protects the housing, which can be made from a standard thin-walled steel pipe, from the possibility of local deformation under the action of the force transmitted by the rod during operation of the hydraulic hammer.

The essence and advantages of the proposed hydraulic hammer will become more clear when considering examples of its execution, shown in the drawings.

Figure 1 shows the hydraulic hammer in its initial position in a longitudinal section.

Figure 2 and 3 depict sections aa and bb of the hydraulic hammer.

The hydraulic hammer for immersion in the soil of driven elements such as piles 1 includes a housing 2; shock mass 3 placed inside the housing 2 with the possibility of movement along its axis; a hydraulic cylinder 4 for moving the shock mass 3, mounted on the upper flange 5 of the housing 2 and having a piston 6 with a rod 7 connected to the shock mass 3; a headgear 8 located in the lower flange 9 of the housing 2 between the impact mass 3 and the pile 1; two rods 10 mounted on the housing 2 and serving as guides for the impact mass 3; the housing 2 has thickened sections 11 at the ends and one intermediate connection 12 with each rod 10.

In the shock mass 3 a groove is made of a triangular shape, facing a vertex with an angle of 90 ° to the axis of the shock mass 3. The rod 10 also has a cross section in triangular shape and a vertex with an angle of 90 ° facing the shock mass 3; in the grooves of the shock mass 3 there are antifriction inserts 13 in contact with the rod 10, 4 inserts for each rod 10. In the thickened parts 11 of the housing 2 there are grooves 14 in which the ends of the rods 10 are fixed.

In section BB shows an example of an intermediate connection 12 of the rods 10 with the housing. A sleeve 16 is fixed in the socket of the rod 10 with a bolt 15, welded to the housing 2 and the ring 17, previously also welded to the housing 2.

On both sections, an annular gap 18 is visible between the impact mass 3 and the housing 2, overlapping only on an negligible section by two rods 10. When the impact mass 3 is reciprocated up and down from the cavity above the impact mass, it is forced out into the cavity under the impact mass 3 and on the contrary, through the annular channel 18.

The extremely important advantage of the proposed hydraulic hammer is that it allows a very significant degree to reduce the cost of manufacturing a hydraulic hammer without reducing its quality indicators and thus obtain a competitive advantage in the price-quality ratio.

Information sources

1. MENCK Hydraulic pile hammers BOMAG-MENCK GMbH.

2. IHC Netherlands hydraulic hammer unique.

Claims (6)

1. A hydraulic hammer for immersing piled type driving elements into the soil, including a tubular body, shock mass placed inside the body with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the body along the guides, a hydraulic cylinder for moving the shock mass, mounted on the body and having a piston with a rod connected with shock mass, characterized in that the guides are made in the form of two or more rods fixed on the inside of the housing along its generatrix, in contact with grooves made in cylindrically impact mass along its generators. 2. The hydraulic hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the rods in the cross section are triangular in shape and face the impact mass with a vertex with an angle of 90 °, and the grooves in the impact mass in the cross section are triangular in shape and face with a vertex with an angle of 90 ° to axis of shock mass. 3. The hydraulic hammer according to claim 2, characterized in that antifriction inserts in contact with the rods are installed in the grooves of the shock mass. 4. The hydraulic hammer according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, characterized in that the ends of the rods are fixed in grooves made in the thickened parts of the body at its ends. 5. The hydraulic hammer according to claim 4, characterized in that the rods have one or more intermediate connections with the housing along its length. 6. The hydraulic hammer according to claim 5, characterized in that in the area of the intermediate connection of the housing with the rod, a thick-walled steel ring is welded from the outside to the housing.

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