RU2328491C2 - Способ эпоксидирования олефинов и катализатор для применения в способе - Google Patents
Способ эпоксидирования олефинов и катализатор для применения в способе Download PDFInfo
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- RU2328491C2 RU2328491C2 RU2005133637/04A RU2005133637A RU2328491C2 RU 2328491 C2 RU2328491 C2 RU 2328491C2 RU 2005133637/04 A RU2005133637/04 A RU 2005133637/04A RU 2005133637 A RU2005133637 A RU 2005133637A RU 2328491 C2 RU2328491 C2 RU 2328491C2
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- rhenium
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
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- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- RIFGWPKJUGCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl chloroformate Chemical compound CCOC(Cl)=O RIFGWPKJUGCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019505 tobacco product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/08—Epoxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/09—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrolysis
- C07C29/10—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrolysis of ethers, including cyclic ethers, e.g. oxiranes
- C07C29/103—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrolysis of ethers, including cyclic ethers, e.g. oxiranes of cyclic ethers
- C07C29/106—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrolysis of ethers, including cyclic ethers, e.g. oxiranes of cyclic ethers of oxiranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/50—Silver
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
- B01J23/68—Silver or gold with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/688—Silver or gold with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D301/00—Preparation of oxiranes
- C07D301/02—Synthesis of the oxirane ring
- C07D301/03—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds
- C07D301/04—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen
- C07D301/08—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase
- C07D301/10—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
- B01J23/68—Silver or gold with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/683—Silver or gold with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/687—Silver or gold with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum or tungsten with tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/612—Surface area less than 10 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0203—Impregnation the impregnation liquid containing organic compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Epoxy Compounds (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US45950203P | 2003-04-01 | 2003-04-01 | |
| US60/459,502 | 2003-04-01 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| RU2005133637A RU2005133637A (ru) | 2006-04-20 |
| RU2328491C2 true RU2328491C2 (ru) | 2008-07-10 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU2005133637/04A RU2328491C2 (ru) | 2003-04-01 | 2004-03-30 | Способ эпоксидирования олефинов и катализатор для применения в способе |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7932407B2 (OSRAM) |
| EP (1) | EP1613428B1 (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JP2006522138A (OSRAM) |
| KR (1) | KR20060002920A (OSRAM) |
| CN (1) | CN100361984C (OSRAM) |
| AT (1) | ATE376879T1 (OSRAM) |
| CA (1) | CA2520776C (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE602004009776T2 (OSRAM) |
| IN (1) | IN2005DN04374A (OSRAM) |
| MX (1) | MXPA05010375A (OSRAM) |
| RU (1) | RU2328491C2 (OSRAM) |
| TW (1) | TW200507933A (OSRAM) |
| WO (1) | WO2004089537A2 (OSRAM) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2583786C2 (ru) * | 2010-12-08 | 2016-05-10 | Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. | Способ улучшения селективности эо катализатора |
| RU2588118C2 (ru) * | 2010-12-08 | 2016-06-27 | Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. | Способ улучшения эффективности катализатора получения этиленоксида |
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| CN103394352B (zh) * | 2006-04-18 | 2015-06-24 | 陶氏环球技术公司 | 环氧烷催化剂及其应用 |
| US10159961B2 (en) | 2006-04-18 | 2018-12-25 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Alkylene oxide catalyst and use thereof |
| US7977274B2 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2011-07-12 | Sd Lizenzverwertungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg | Catalyst with bimodal pore size distribution and the use thereof |
| TWI446964B (zh) * | 2007-05-09 | 2014-08-01 | Shell Int Research | 環氧化催化劑，製備該催化劑之方法及製備烯烴氧化物、１，２-二醇、１，２-二醇醚、１，２-碳酸酯或烷醇胺之方法 |
| KR20100017691A (ko) * | 2007-05-09 | 2010-02-16 | 셀 인터나쵸나아레 레사아치 마아츠샤피 비이부이 | 에폭시화 촉매, 이 촉매의 제조방법, 및 산화올레핀, 1,2-디올, 1,2-디올 에테르, 1,2-카보네이트 또는 알칸올아민의 생산 방법 |
| RU2452564C2 (ru) | 2007-05-11 | 2012-06-10 | Барри Дж. БИЛЛИГ | Активация высокоселективных катализаторов в установках синтеза оксидов олефинов |
| US7803957B2 (en) * | 2007-09-11 | 2010-09-28 | Sd Lizenzverwertungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg | Ethylene oxide production using fixed moderator concentration |
| KR101629038B1 (ko) * | 2008-05-07 | 2016-06-09 | 셀 인터나쵸나아레 레사아치 마아츠샤피 비이부이 | 산화올레핀, 1,2-디올, 1,2-디올 에테르, 1,2-카보네이트 또는 알칸올아민의 생산방법 |
| EP2421842B1 (en) * | 2009-04-21 | 2018-05-30 | Dow Technology Investments LLC | Epoxidation reactions and operating conditions thereof |
| KR101730667B1 (ko) | 2009-04-21 | 2017-04-26 | 다우 테크놀로지 인베스트먼츠 엘엘씨. | 고 효율 촉매에 의한 지정된 알킬렌 옥사이드 생산 파라미터의 달성 및 유지의 개선법 |
| US8389751B2 (en) * | 2009-04-21 | 2013-03-05 | Dow Technology Investments Llc | Simplified method for producing alkylene oxides with a high efficiency catalyst as it ages |
| SG175927A1 (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2011-12-29 | Dow Technology Investments Llc | Method of controlling the production of silver chloride on a silver catalyst in the production of alkylene oxides |
| US8921587B2 (en) | 2011-04-14 | 2014-12-30 | Basf Se | Process for producing a catalyst for the oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide |
| US8987482B2 (en) | 2011-10-28 | 2015-03-24 | Basf Se | Process for producing a supported silver catalyst |
| US9649621B2 (en) | 2011-12-19 | 2017-05-16 | Dow Technology Investments Llc | Method of formulating alkylene oxide catalyst in relation to catalyst reference properties |
| TWI632954B (zh) | 2013-05-16 | 2018-08-21 | 科學設計股份有限公司 | 改善環氧乙烷觸媒的催化效能之載體處理 |
| JP2017501864A (ja) | 2013-12-09 | 2017-01-19 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアＢａｓｆ Ｓｅ | アルケンのエポキシ化用触媒 |
| WO2015100209A1 (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-07-02 | Scientific Design Company, Inc. | Epoxidation process |
| CN110035998B (zh) | 2016-12-02 | 2024-02-20 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 调节乙烯环氧化催化剂的方法和生产环氧乙烷的相关方法 |
| WO2019020793A1 (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-31 | Basf Se | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A MOLDED CATALYST BODY COMPRISING SILVER APPLIED TO AN ALUMINUM CARRIER |
| WO2019154863A1 (en) | 2018-02-07 | 2019-08-15 | Basf Se | Method for preparing a silver impregnation solution |
| CN110357837B (zh) * | 2018-03-26 | 2021-07-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种乙烯环氧化方法 |
| EP3639924A1 (en) | 2018-10-15 | 2020-04-22 | Basf Se | Catalyst for producing ethylene oxide by gas-phase oxidation |
| EP3639923A1 (en) | 2018-10-15 | 2020-04-22 | Basf Se | Process for producing ethylene oxide by gas-phase oxidation of ethylene |
| EP3659703A1 (en) | 2018-11-28 | 2020-06-03 | Basf Se | Catalyst for producing ethylene oxide by gas-phase oxidation |
| EP3885038A1 (en) | 2020-03-27 | 2021-09-29 | Basf Se | Process for producing an epoxidation catalyst |
| WO2021260140A1 (en) | 2020-06-26 | 2021-12-30 | Basf Se | Production of porous alpha-alumina supports from boehmitic derived aluminas |
| WO2021260138A1 (en) | 2020-06-26 | 2021-12-30 | Basf Se | Shaped catalyst body for the production of ethylene oxide |
| WO2021259427A1 (de) | 2020-06-26 | 2021-12-30 | Basf Se | Poröser katalysatorträger-formkörper |
| US20240408585A1 (en) | 2021-01-26 | 2024-12-12 | Basf Se | Epoxidation catalyst |
| US20240293802A1 (en) | 2021-06-25 | 2024-09-05 | Basf Se | High purity tableted alpha-alumina catalyst support |
| KR20240065284A (ko) | 2021-09-23 | 2024-05-14 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 | 고선택성 산화에틸렌 촉매의 노화 관련 비활성화를 감소시키는 방법 |
| TW202419443A (zh) | 2022-10-04 | 2024-05-16 | 美商陶氏全球科技有限責任公司 | 減少於重啓時對高選擇性環氧乙烷催化劑過度氯化之製程 |
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- 2004-03-30 KR KR1020057018758A patent/KR20060002920A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-03-30 JP JP2006509525A patent/JP2006522138A/ja active Pending
- 2004-03-30 IN IN4374DEN2005 patent/IN2005DN04374A/en unknown
- 2004-03-30 CA CA2520776A patent/CA2520776C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-30 RU RU2005133637/04A patent/RU2328491C2/ru active
- 2004-03-30 TW TW93108731A patent/TW200507933A/zh unknown
- 2004-03-30 WO PCT/US2004/009883 patent/WO2004089537A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-03-30 AT AT04758661T patent/ATE376879T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-03-30 DE DE602004009776T patent/DE602004009776T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-30 CN CNB2004800088572A patent/CN100361984C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-01 US US10/816,080 patent/US7932407B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2583786C2 (ru) * | 2010-12-08 | 2016-05-10 | Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. | Способ улучшения селективности эо катализатора |
| RU2588118C2 (ru) * | 2010-12-08 | 2016-06-27 | Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. | Способ улучшения эффективности катализатора получения этиленоксида |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2520776C (en) | 2012-05-08 |
| JP2006522138A (ja) | 2006-09-28 |
| EP1613428A2 (en) | 2006-01-11 |
| TW200507933A (en) | 2005-03-01 |
| CA2520776A1 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
| DE602004009776D1 (de) | 2007-12-13 |
| CN1809419A (zh) | 2006-07-26 |
| CN100361984C (zh) | 2008-01-16 |
| WO2004089537A2 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
| IN2005DN04374A (OSRAM) | 2010-01-15 |
| EP1613428B1 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
| WO2004089537A3 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
| US20040198993A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
| US7932407B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 |
| RU2005133637A (ru) | 2006-04-20 |
| ATE376879T1 (de) | 2007-11-15 |
| MXPA05010375A (es) | 2005-11-17 |
| KR20060002920A (ko) | 2006-01-09 |
| DE602004009776T2 (de) | 2008-08-28 |
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