RU2327332C2 - Pneumatic mechanical seeding unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: seeding unit consists of working cylinder with inlet port, booster tubes with valve, piston, cam, frame with roller, working spring, seeds tank, seed cells, damper valve and feeder device. Frame is connected to the piston by rod. Feeder device is made in the form of a cane which is situated inside the seed cell and outside the cope. Cane is tightly connected to the rod and it has a keying action member for seeds. Latter is made in the form of spoons. The bottom of the spoon is downward at an angle α≥φ, where φ - is an angle of seeds friction over the material of the spoon. The keying action member has a guide plate with a longitudinal recess. Plate is tightly fixed under the inlet port in working cylinder.

EFFECT: improvement in selection accuracy of different seed sorts and in steady distribution of the seeds along the row by planting them into the ground.

2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the sowing machines of sowing machines.

Known pneumatic sowing devices, in particular according to copyright certificates: A.S. No. 981587 А01С 7/04 USSR, publ. 09/30/82, bulletin No. 36; A.S. No. 1456773 A01C 7/04 USSR, publ. 01/15/89, Bulletin No. 2, including: a seed hopper, a seed disc with pneumatic grips, an air distributor with vacuum and overpressure chambers, an elastic impeller and a ring.

In the sowing disk, seed chambers with radial discharge channels are made.

The devices work as follows. When the disk rotates, and with it the elastic impeller and the rings that are in the mass of seeds in the hopper, the seeds fill the space between the impeller blades. Under the action of the suction air flow, the seeds are sucked one by one through the holes into the seed chamber and are sucked into the pneumatic grips of the sowing disk, which, turning, brings each seed to the area where the vacuum stops and the increased air pressure is turned on, which throws the seed through the radial exhaust channel into the seed tube and further into the opener.

The disadvantages of these sowing devices include the fact that they are complex in design and in addition for their functioning it is necessary to have additional devices for generating and delivering vacuum and excessive air pressure to the device, and therefore, additional costs are required for acquiring such complex devices and bringing them into work.

The closest technical solution to the proposed invention (prototype) is the design of a pneumatic sowing apparatus (S.A. Ivzhenko "On the issue of seedless seed placement in the soil", an abstract of a dissertation submitted to the Council of the Saratov Agricultural Institute for the degree of candidate of technical sciences, Saratov, 1963, p.6-7), which is intended for active-compulsory seeding of seeds in the soil.

This pneumatic sowing device consists of a working cylinder having a cone with an accelerating tube at the bottom, equipped with a valve, a piston, a cam made in the form of a steeply cutting spiral, a frame connected to the piston and rod, and springs. An inlet is made in the working cylinder.

The device operates as follows. A rotated cam lifts the frame, stem and piston through the roller. When the piston rises, the springs are stretched and the working volume of the cylinder is initially filled with air through the piston cuffs (between the piston and the cylinder), and after opening the inlet, air passes through the inlet through which grain is supplied with air. Since the cam is in the form of a steeply dipping spiral, therefore, the piston smoothly, reaching the upper point (to the break of the spiral), and after the break of the spiral drops sharply under the action of extended springs. A descending piston closes the inlet, and air along with the grain is ejected through an open valve and an acceleration tube into the bottom of the furrow made by the opener. After ejecting air and seed, the rotating cam lifts the piston again and the cycle repeats. The parameters of the piston, the booster tube and the cam profile are selected so that active-forced seed placement in the soil is carried out, which consists in the fact that the seeds are given a speed (20 ... 30 m / s) with air pulsation, which ensures their penetration to the bottom of the furrow by 2 ... 3 mm with the exception of their injury and their subsequent covering from above with loose soil.

Such seeding of seeds into the soil contributes to their good contact with the soil, which provides an improved supply of seeds with soil moisture, leading to faster seedlings and more favorable further development of plants, and, consequently, increased yield.

The disadvantage of this pneumatic sowing device (prototype) is that it uses manual feed of seeds into the inlet (acceptable for laboratory research), or (for production purposes) a special pneumatic selection device is used, which has a complex structure (requires additional energy for its functioning), moreover, it does not sufficiently synchronously feed the seeds into the inlet, which leads to a violation of the uniform distribution of seeds along the row leading to Rushen agricultural technology requirements.

An object of the invention is the creation of a sowing apparatus for sowing row crops (corn, nougat, peas, soybeans, etc.) with a pick-and-feed device of a simpler design compared to the prototype, capable of performing accurate selection and synchronous feeding of seeds into the inlet moments of its opening, providing a uniform distribution of seeds along a row with actively-forced incorporation of them into the soil.

The solution to the technical problem is achieved by the proposed pneumomechanical sowing apparatus containing a working cylinder with an inlet, an acceleration tube with a valve, a piston, a cam, a frame with a roller, a rod, a working spring, a seed hopper, a shutter, a seed chamber, a selection and feeding device, according to the invention from a rod extending downward beyond the limits of the seed chamber, rigidly connected to the stem and bearing a gripping element for seeds, made in the form of a spoon having an angle of inclination of the bottom to the horizon α≥φ, where φ is the angle of friction of the seeds on the material of the bottom of the spoon, as well as the guide plate, rigidly fixed under the inlet on the working cylinder and having a longitudinal recess.

The difference from the prototype of the proposed design is that it uses a selection and feeding device, consisting of a rod extending downward beyond the limits of the seed chamber, rigidly connected to the stem, carrying a gripping element for seeds, made in the form of a spoon having an angle of inclination of the bottom to horizon α≥φ, where φ is the angle of friction of the seeds on the material of the bottom of the spoon (angle of friction of the seeds on the steel of the spoon (φ = 25 ° ... 30 °), as well as a guide plate rigidly fixed under the inlet on the working cylinder and having a longitudinal you ISU.

The proposed selection-feeding device provides piece-wise selection of seeds and simultaneous supply of selected seeds to the sub-piston space due to the significant differences in its design, which contains a "rod extending down beyond the seed chamber, rigidly connected to the stem and carrying a gripping element."

A rigid connection of the rod with the rod ensures its movement together with the piston, which is necessary for the synchronous operation of the selection-feeding device with the operation of the pneumatic apparatus. The stem extends downward beyond the limits of the seed chamber so that when lowering the lower part of the stem does not spread the seeds in the seed chamber, which would make it difficult to pick them up, with a quick process of their capture. The core, sliding in the mass of seeds, provides the most favorable conditions for the movement of seeds into the exciting element. In addition, the stem extending downward beyond the limits of the seed chamber does not injure the seeds when it is sharply lowered under the action of an expanding spring, which preserves the integrity of the seeds.

The design of the capturing element for seeds is made "in the form of a spoon having an angle of inclination of the bottom to the horizon α≥φ, where φ is the angle of friction of seeds on the material of the bottom of the spoon (angle of friction of seeds on steel of the spoon (φ = 25 ° ... 30 °), as well as a guide plate, rigidly fixed under the inlet on the working cylinder and having a longitudinal recess. "The bottom of the spoon forms, together with the vertical guide plate, a wedge with an angle β = 90-α, into which the grain enters, and, when wedged, takes a stable position, and this sustainability is further enhanced in due to the fact that the jammed grain enters the longitudinal recess of the guide plate. Other grains that fall into the area of the spoon grip when moving upward, roll off the jammed grain, remaining in the seed chamber. When the spoon is lifted, the jammed grain resting against the recess of the guide plate slides along it to the inlet where the plate ends, the support on its side ceases and the seed, having lost support and being on the bottom of the spoon with an angle α towards the cylinder, gets through the inlet into the support evoe space of the cylinder. Moreover, the flight speed of the seed in the inlet increases due to intake air moving from the atmosphere into the sub-piston space, where a vacuum is created by the rising piston. The seed manages to penetrate into the cylinder until the piston drops sharply under the action of a compressed working spring. The grain that got into the cylinder under the action of a sharply lowering piston, opening the valve, is ejected together with a portion of air into the booster tube and further into the soil, providing active-compulsory seeding of seeds into the bottom of the furrow made by the opener. After embedding the seed in the soil, the piston again rises with a cam rotated with the drive wheel of a moving seeder and the cycle repeats. Thus, piecewise selection and simultaneous supply of seeds into the cylinder and further into the soil is carried out by a device simple in design, ensuring uniform distribution of seeds along the row with pneumatic active-forced seeding them into the soil, that is, the assigned technical problem is completely solved.

The novelty and originality of the invention lies in the fact that through the use of a selection and feeding device, consisting of a rod extending downward beyond the limits of the seed chamber, rigidly connected to the stem and bearing an exciting element for seeds, made in the form of a spoon having an angle of inclination of the bottom to the horizon α≥φ, where φ is the angle of friction of the seed on the material of the bottom of the spoon, as well as the guide plate having a longitudinal recess, rigidly fixed under the inlet on the working cylinder, piece selection is carried out and of the seed chamber and synchronous flow of the inlet opening in the moments when it opens the rising piston, allowing to precisely crop with active forced-seeding into the soil.

Figure 1 shows a pneumatic sowing apparatus, side view, a section along BB, figure 2 shows a section along AA.

The present invention consists of a cam 1, a frame 2, equipped with a roller 3, a rod 4, rigidly connecting the frame 2 to the piston 5, a working spring 6, mounted on the rod 4 above the piston 5, support rollers 7, cylinder 8, smoothly passing into the booster tube 9 , a valve 10 located in the booster tube 9, an inlet 11 made in the cylinder 8, a seed hopper 12, a shutter 13, a seed chamber 14, in which the rod 15 with a spoon 16 having a bottom 17 inclined to the horizontal at an angle α ≥φ, where φ is the angle of friction of seeds on the material of the spoon guiding n plate 18, equipped with a longitudinal recess 19, opener 20 and a damping spring 21, dressed on the rod 4 under the horizontal part of the rod 18.

The pneumatic sowing device works as follows: when the seeder moves in the direction of the arrow υ, the cam 1 is rotated from the drive wheel (not shown), which, having the shape of a steeply dipping spiral, smoothly raises the frame 2 through the roller 3, which, in turn, using the rod 4 raises the piston 5, compressing the working spring 6. To prevent the frame 2 from deviating from the vertical position, track rollers 7 are installed along which the frame 2 is rolled.

When the piston 5 rises in the cylinder 8 under the piston 5, a vacuum occurs, due to which the valve 10 closes in the acceleration tube 9. The vacuum under the piston 5 increases until the piston 5, reaching the inlet 11, connects the space under the piston 5 with the atmosphere through the hole 11 At the same time, that is, during the lifting of the piston, the process of selection and simultaneous feeding of seeds into the inlet 11 takes place in the following sequence. Seeds from the hopper 12 pass under the shutter 13 into the seed chamber 14. The rod 15, rigidly connected to the stem 4 and carrying a spoon 16, having a slope of the bottom 17 to the horizon α≥φ, where φ is the angle of friction of the seeds on the spoon material (friction angle seed on spoon steel φ = 25 ° ... 30 °), rises together with the stem 4 and piston 5. Between the spoon 16 with an inclined bottom 17 and the vertical guide plate 18 a wedge is formed with an angle β = 90-α, into which the grain sinks , and, wedged, occupies a stable position, reinforced by the fact that part of the jammed grain is included in the product the hollow recess 19 of the guide plate 18. Other grains falling into the area of the spoon 16 roll off from the stuck grain, remaining in the seed chamber 14. The seed level in the seed chamber is regulated by the shutter 13. The jammed seed, resting against the recess 19 of the guide plate 18, slides together with rod 15 to the inlet 11, where the pressure from the side of the guide plate 18 stops (the plate 18 reaches only the inlet 11), and the seed, having lost support and having a bottom inclination 17 towards the cylinder 8, enters through the inlet 11 under Piston 5. The speed of the seed at the entrance to the inlet 11 increases due to the intake of air from the atmosphere into the cylinder 8. Due to this, the seed that has got into the cylinder 8 has time to reach the valve 10 when the piston 5 is lowered. When the piston 5 is sharply lowered (under the action of a expanding spring 6) the valve 10 opens and the grain along with a portion of compressed air is ejected through the valve 10 into the booster tube 9, acquiring at the outlet a speed within 20 ... 25 m / s. This seed speed ensures its penetration into the bottom of the furrow without injury per g a 2 ... 5 mm deep, providing bottom tight contact with the soil. From above, the seed is covered with loose soil. Such seeding of seeds into the soil creates favorable conditions for the supply of moisture and nutrients to each seed, which speeds up seedlings and determines the best development of plants, that is, pneumatic active-forced seeding of seeds into the soil is performed. To reduce the impact of the descending piston 5 and the parts rigidly connected to it under the action of an expanding working spring 6, a shock absorber 21 is installed on the rod 4.

After lowering the piston 5 and ejecting the seed through the accelerating tube 9 into the bottom of the furrow, the rotating cam 1, driven from the wheel of a moving seeder (not shown), again smoothly raises the piston 5, creating a vacuum in the cylinder 8, and the rod 15 with a spoon 16, ensuring the capture of the seed from the seed chamber 14, and the cycle repeats, that is, a uniform distribution of seeds along the row is performed with their active-forced incorporation into the soil. Such sowing does not require subsequent post-sowing rolling, excluding additional costs and reducing the impact on the soil from the working bodies, which leads to an increase in economic and environmental indicators of sowing.

Claims (1)

A pneumatic mechanical metering device comprising a working cylinder with an inlet, an accelerating tube with a valve, a piston, a cam, a frame with a roller, a rod connecting the frame with a piston, a working spring, a seed hopper, a shutter, a seed chamber, characterized in that it is equipped with a selection -supplying device, which consists of a rod located inside the seed chamber and extending downwards beyond it, and the rod is rigidly connected to the stem and carries a gripping element for seeds, made in the form of a spoon having an angle the inclination of the bottom to the horizon α≥φ, where φ is the angle of friction of the seeds on the bottom material of the spoon, in addition, the gripping element has a guide plate rigidly fixed under the inlet on the working cylinder, on which a longitudinal recess is made.

Images