RU2321870C2 - Mode of weakening of cyclonic circulation and arrangement for its execution - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: invention refers to influencing on atmosphere and may be used for liquidation or weakening of cyclones.

SUBSTANCE: essence of invention is in that in warmth frontal surface and/or cold sector of cyclone they form field of low atmospheric pressure with aid of flow of ionized air with following forming of secondary cyclone and that deprives cyclone from additional energy feeding. Arrangement for producing flow of ionized air includes at least one generator of ions having corona electrode, extractor of electrons and ions placed in cavity of corona electrode and external electrode. Extractor of ions and/or grounded electrode have spatial form similar to form of corona electrode and is mounted with possibility of vertical transfer relatively to this electrode for achieving optimal current of corona charge at different meteorological parameters. Technical result is regulation of atmosphere circulation at relatively moderate expenditures on delivery into zone of cyclone of agents weakening its activity and destruction of not only gigantic tropical but and no less on large scale cyclones arising not only about seas and oceans but over dry land also.

EFFECT: may be used for liquidation or weakening of cyclones.

7 cl, 4 dwg

Description

Application area

The invention relates to methods and devices for influencing the atmosphere and can be used to cause or eliminate precipitation for agricultural needs, as well as to protect transport facilities / air or sea ports, roads / from adverse atmospheric formations / fog, low cloud cover / .

State of the art

Cyclones bring with them difficult weather conditions - cloudiness, precipitation, increased wind, often seasonal phenomena: thunderstorms, fogs, blizzards, ice, etc. Because of this, they can cause significant damage to agriculture and can pose a serious threat to the operation of transport. The fight against cyclones is an urgent task.

Most attention is drawn to large-scale vortex phenomena - tropical cyclones, tornadoes, typhoons, since they cause the greatest damage. Ways to deal with such vortices are based on exposure to certain zones in the atmosphere to suppress the processes that support their energy.

The cyclone is a large-scale atmospheric vortex with a low pressure in the center. Under the influence of friction in the lower atmosphere in the cyclone, in addition to the circular movement of air, there is also a movement of air from the periphery to the center of the vortex. Therefore, there is a constant upward movement of air, which cools as it rises. Cooling, the air becomes saturated, clouds form in it.

In the method of protection against a tropical cyclone according to the patent RU 2028649, zones of maximum inhibition and / or maximum value of the tangential component of the rotation of the vortex are selected as the zones of influence on convective flows in the cloud system of the cyclone. Periodic exposure is carried out by introducing an ice-forming reagent or a refrigerant for the regeneration of convective flows in order to change the trajectory of the cyclone or by dumping a coarse powder with a specific area of at least 10 m / g to the top of the cloud, which causes the dissipation of convective flows due to the development of downward movements, leading to a decrease in the vortex energy .

In the method according to patent RU No. 2020797 to reduce the destructive power of tropical hurricanes, it is proposed to influence the zones of minimum meteorological stability on the periphery of the cyclone by forming local ascending and descending eddies in these zones. Depending on the state of the atmosphere, local vortices are formed with the help of a solar heater and a reflector or by detonation of heat charges discharged from aircraft using a specific pattern.

In accordance with the method according to patent RU No. 2150134, in order to attenuate tropical cyclones (hurricanes, typhoons), the effect is carried out on zones in the troposphere in which the limit values of potential energy are reached and which are located near or in the zone of maximum instability, for converting potential energy into kinetic, initiating the formation of a cyclone whose power does not reach a destructive level. The impact is an explosive and / or thermal effect on the troposphere above the zone or in the zone of maximum instability and / or by inoculation with a substance that creates moisture condensation centers directly above the zone of maximum instability.

The described methods, as a rule, involve the use of explosives or chemical reagents and their means of delivery to zones of exposure to the atmosphere, which requires significant financial and other costs. To date, more economical methods of influencing the atmosphere have been developed, consisting in the ionization of air through devices located on the earth's surface.

For example, there is a known method of protecting coastal territories from the destructive effects of typhoons, hurricanes and powerful cyclones according to RU Patent No. 2248115, according to which air is ionized to neutralize the kinetic energy of a vortex to initiate a jet stream in the atmosphere whose axis is directed towards the normal component of the vortex rotation speed that should destroy the whirlwind. To implement this method, it is proposed to use the ionizing apparatus described in the technical solution according to patent RU No. 2105463, which generate vertical ion flows for 3-120 hours. Installations are placed on land and at sea at a distance of several hundred kilometers from one another, while at least one of the installations must form a jet stream in the atmosphere, while others are designed to control its dynamic parameters.

The disadvantages of this method include, firstly, the complexity of its implementation, including the need to synchronize the operation of several installations far away from each other using special tools and equipment (space-based surveillance equipment and a control center), and secondly, that, no less Essentially, the need to coordinate the implementation of such projects with various official services of several states, since the initiation of processes such as jet streams having a length of how many thousand kilometers, of course, can seriously affect the interests of neighboring territories, for example, cause undesirable weather changes there.

A simpler technical solution is the method of protecting the territory from cyclones according to RU RU No. 2036577, according to which a negative space electric charge is introduced in the area of the protected area on the probable path of the cyclone 1-20 days before the expected arrival of the cyclone. This method is based on the idea that the vortex cyclonic motion is excited as a result of the interaction of the vertical component of the geomagnetic field with a positive space charge of atmospheric air and the cyclone is amplified to the hurricane stage when the positive space charge density exceeds a certain critical value. It is assumed that in order to neutralize this positive charge of density and destroy the cyclone into the atmosphere layer containing this charge, it is necessary to introduce a negative charge comparable in absolute value to the positive charge of the cyclone. To implement the method, it is proposed to use an installation containing a corona electrode in the form of a wire fixed on supports, the length of which within the circle of a given radius is calculated by a certain formula. The disadvantage of this method can be considered its "lack of aim" - the zone of increased density of the space charge can be very wide and have blurry outlines - and the uncertainty of the time the charge is introduced into the atmosphere - in a few days the cyclone can change direction due to changes in meteorological conditions. Among other things, such an installation is stationary and does not allow for a quick response to changes in meteorological conditions, its energy will be largely wasted. In addition, the very concept of the mechanism of excitation and development of vortex cyclonic motion, on which the known method is based, still requires verification.

Disclosure of invention

It is absolutely obvious that such atmospheric circulation regulation is desirable, in which the impact impact is combined with its locality, with relatively low costs for the delivery of agents weakening its activity to the cyclone zone. In addition, there is a need to destroy not only gigantic tropical, but also smaller cyclones that arise not only over the seas and oceans, but also over land. Known methods of influencing cyclones do not satisfy these requirements.

The claimed invention is based on the fact that cyclonic activity is supported by the influx of warm and cold air moving to the center of the cyclone, and therefore, by reducing the flow of warm or cold air mass into the cyclonic circulation, the cyclone as a whole can be weakened. Thus, the zones of impact on the cyclone are selected in accordance with the temperatures of the air supplying it.

Considering that the average cyclone travel speed is 30-50 km / h, it is also desirable to create devices that are relatively compact and mobile, allow you to quickly respond to changes in meteorological parameters, and at the same time provide a fairly powerful effect on atmospheric circulation.

Known electrical devices for cyclones do not satisfy these requirements.

The task of creating a new method of attenuating cyclonic circulation is solved by the fact that a stable upward flow of ionized air is applied to the atmosphere in the cyclone zone with the help of which a region of low atmospheric pressure is formed in the zone of the warm front surface and / or cold sector of the cyclone, followed by the formation of a secondary cyclone.

In the particular case, a steady stream of ionized air is directed to the periphery of the cyclone.

Preferably, the parameters of the ionized air flow are controlled during exposure to the cyclone.

In an optimal embodiment of the method, the regulation of the parameters of the ionized air flow is carried out depending on the stage of development of the cyclonic circulation.

The task of creating a device for attenuating cyclonic circulation by providing a stably upward flow of ionized air is solved using a device containing at least one ion generator in which there is a corona electrode placed generally along an inclined, tapering toward the base of the last surface, a grounded electrode located outside the corona electrode and an ion extractor located in the cavity of the corona electrode, the ion extractor and / or ground The electrode has a spatial shape similar to the shape of the corona electrode and is mounted with the possibility of vertical movement relative to this electrode to achieve the optimal corona discharge current at various meteorological parameters.

The surface on which the corona electrode of the ion generator is placed may be the side surface of a geometric body such as a pyramid or cone, or the surface of a paraboloid or hyperboloid, or it may be the side surface and the surface of the small base of the geometric body of a truncated cone, pyramid, paraboloid or hyperboloid.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows the ion generator in a flat projection.

Figure 2 shows a General view of the ion generator.

Figure 3 schematically shows the distribution of air between warm and cold fronts in a cyclone in a vertical section. The number 1 indicates the location of the ionizers in the zones of warm and cold fronts.

In Fig.4, the cyclone is depicted as a plan of isobars in plan.

The implementation of the invention

As you know, cyclonic circulation is the movement of air counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere. Since the patterns of air movement in cyclones in different hemispheres are symmetrical, the following is an example implementation of the method for one of the hemispheres, namely, a cyclone developing in extratropical latitudes of the northern hemisphere. For the formation of a secondary, local, cyclonic circulation that weakens or destroys the main cyclone, zones are selected in its structure that will be affected by a generator or ion generators providing powerful ascending flows of ionized air. In accordance with the invention, the impact zone (and the formation of the secondary cyclonic circulation) should be in the front right side of the cyclone relative to the direction of its movement in front of the passage of the warm front or in the right rear part of the cyclone in the zone of passage of the cold front in order to lower or, accordingly, increase the temperature of the incoming into the main cyclone of the air mass, which interrupts its energy recharge.

A device for creating an upward flow of air includes one or more generators 1 of negative ions (ionizers). The ion generator 1 contains electrodes 2, 3 and 4 and a source 5 of high DC voltage. The electrode 3 (the corona electrode) is connected to the negative pole of the voltage source 5 and is made in the form of an electric conductor of small cross section, which is placed on the side surface of the geometric body such as a cone, pyramid, or vertex facing down, or on the surface of a paraboloid, hyperboloid, or the like. The corona electrode 3 is an electron emitter. Outside of the corona electrode there is an external, grounded electrode 4, which is not connected to the voltage source 5. The electrode 4 plays the role of a screen surface, which does not allow the negative ions formed to scatter and attracts the formed positive ions.

In the cavity formed by the electrode 3, there is an extractor 2 - a conductor, designed for a more intense outflow of electrons from the corona conductor, which is placed generally along the axial line of the geometric body, on the surface of which the corona conductor is located. The extractor 2 has the same shape as the shape of the corona electrode 3, i.e. in the case shown in figure 2, the conductor, performing the function of the extractor, is located on the lateral surface of the truncated, overturned large base up of the pyramid. This conductor is distributed with the same walking distance as the conductor of the corona electrode (emitter) 3, so that each separately located segment of the corona conductor corresponds to an equal in size segment of the conductor of the extractor (5). Thanks to this arrangement, the efficiency of electron emission from the entire surface of the corona conductor will be as high as possible. A negative voltage is applied to the extractor 2, which is relatively positive with respect to the voltage supplied to the corona conductor, which also contributes to the maximum possible outflow of electrons from the corona conductor. Thus, the extractor simultaneously serves as a further accelerator of the formed negative ions, passing them through itself and giving them additional energy of motion.

The emitter 3 is mounted motionlessly, and the extractor 2 and the external electrode 4 are mounted with the possibility of moving vertically relative to the emitter 3. You can move the extractor 2 and the shield electrode 4 both during installation of the device and during the supply of operating voltage to the emitter 3 and extractor 2.

Having determined the zones of influence on the cyclone that is being formed or has already formed in the atmosphere, the location of the ion generator 1 (s) of ions to create an upward flow of ionized air is selected from the actual and prognostic maps of isobaric surfaces. When approaching a warm or cold air front, the included ionizers 1 begin to form an ascending ionized air stream, which, in turn, will create cyclonic circulation in the lower part of the troposphere to heights of 3000-4000 m. Due to this, part of the energy in the form of warm or, accordingly, cold air mass involved in the rotation of the secondary cyclonic circulation will not fall into the main active cyclone, which will lead to a decrease in its activity.

Since in the process of exposure to the atmosphere there is a change in meteorological elements, which affects the maintenance of the power of the ionized stream, there is a need for an operational (without switching off the operating voltage) change of the operating parameters of the device. Ionization of atmospheric air depends on its temperature, humidity, pressure. Changing the distances between the electrodes 2, 3, and 4 makes it possible directly during the operation of the ionizer to achieve the maximum electron output from the emitter without changing the voltage applied to the ionizer electrodes, while increasing the operating voltage at the emitter is not always possible. Moreover, an increase in the operating voltage at the emitter can entail the ionization of not only oxygen molecules, but also nitrogen molecules, which are undesirable ionization products.

Claims (7)

1. A method of attenuating cyclonic circulation, including exposing the atmosphere in the cyclone zone to a steady upward flow of ionized air, characterized in that a region of low atmospheric pressure is formed by the flow of ionized air in the zone of the warm front surface and / or cold sector of the cyclone, followed by the formation of a secondary cyclone. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a steady stream of ionized air is directed to the periphery of the cyclone. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the parameters of the flow of ionized air are regulated during exposure to the cyclone. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the regulation of the parameters of the ionized air flow is carried out depending on the stage of development of cyclonic circulation. 5. A device for attenuating cyclonic circulation by providing a stable upward flow of ionized air, containing at least one ion generator, in which there is a corona electrode placed generally along an inclined, tapering toward the base of the last surface located outside of the corona electrode a grounded electrode and an ion extractor located in the cavity of the corona electrode, characterized in that the ion extractor and / or grounded electrode have a spatial th shape similar to the discharge electrode, and mounted for vertical movement relative to this electrode to achieve optimum current corona discharge at different meteorological parameters. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the surface on which the corona electrode is placed is the side surface of a geometric body such as a pyramid or cone or the surface of a paraboloid or hyperboloid. 7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the surface on which the corona electrode is placed is the side surface and the surface of the small base of the geometric body of a truncated cone, pyramid, paraboloid or hyperboloid.

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