WO2019083396A1 - Method for dispersing fog and device for the implementation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of technology intended for dispersing fog at monitored sites (roads, bridges, open spaces for conducting various sporting and entertainment events, etc.) where requirements for atmospheric transparency at a short distance above the Earth's surface have to be met. The invention is directed towards reducing the amount of material used to construct devices which disperse fog. The claimed method consists in acting upon droplets of fog with an electrical field generated on the windward side of a site being monitored. The process of action is preceded by generating a corona discharge in the volume of fog passing through the area in which the electrical field is active. A device implementing the proposed method for dispersing fog comprises an electrode which is connected to a high-voltage power supply source and is mounted with a clearance relative to a grounded surface on the windward side of the site being monitored, and a device for generating a corona discharge mounted at a distance of at least 5 metres on the windward side of the electrode along the entire territory of the site being monitored. The technical result is achieved in the proposed invention by using the energy of the electrical field of the Earth in addition to the electrical field of an electrode connected to a high-voltage power supply source.

Description

 MIST DISPOSITION METHOD

 AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

The invention relates to the field of technology designed to disperse fog in a controlled area (roads, bridges, open areas for various sports and entertainment events, etc.), where it is necessary to fulfill the requirements on the transparency of the atmosphere at a small height from the surface of the earth, ensuring the creation transparency windows for business and vehicle traffic.

 Known methods of dispersion of fogs, based on the artificial condensation of water vapor through the use of special substances (reagents). See, for example, patent RU N ° 2357404, published June 10, 2009, patent RU 2175185, published October 27, 2001, patent RU Ν ° 2061358, published June 10, 1996.

 The delivery of reagents and their distribution in fog or clouds is carried out from airplanes (see, for example, US Patent Ν ° 2815928, IPC А 01 G15 / 00, published on December 10, 1957), or by using rockets (see, for example, USSR Ν ° 576839, IPC A 01 G 15/00), or with the help of projectiles (see, for example, Russian Federation, patent ° 2034444, IPC 6A01 G 15/00, published 05/10/1995).

 The use of these methods is limited to applying them to supercooled mists (mists formed under conditions of negative ambient temperatures).

 Warm mists, in contrast to supercooled, are stable formations and do not dissipate with the help of reagents.

 Known methods of electrical effects on the aerosol cloud, based on the delivery in the aerosol cloud of corona wires connected to a high voltage source (see, for example, USSR author's certificate 71260, IPC А 01G 15/00, published July 31, 1948, US Patent Jfe 3456880 , IPC A01 G15 / 00, published 07.22.1969.).

The main disadvantage of the described method and known devices is the need to lift the corona wires to the height of the cloud, which determines the high cost of resources and is not always feasible due to weather and other conditions. The known method, which consists in blowing air flow generated using technical means, corona electrodes installed at the surface of the earth.

 Technical solutions that implement the known method are a method of initiating and causing rain (see USSR author's certificate Ν ° 29675, IPC A01 G 15/00, published in 1948), as well as a device for fog destruction (see the published application of the Federal Republic of Germany JNb 4005304, IPC E 01 H 13/00).

 The described method contributes to the directed propagation of ionized air, i.e., electrically charged particles in the upward direction, thereby accelerating the process of precipitation from cloudiness or the deposition of fog.

 There is a method of dispersion of fogs and clouds, which consists in generating electrical charges into the atmosphere by connecting corona wires to a high voltage source, which are fixed through insulators on supports at the earth's surface (see "Journal of Geophysical Research", Cambridge, Mass., March 1962, vol. 67, pp. 1073-1082). Information about this method is also reflected in the domestic technical literature (see L. G. Kachurin "Physical bases of impact on atmospheric formations", Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1978. pp. 287-293).

 As follows from the above sources of information, the determining factor in the dispersion of fog in a known method is the volumetric space charge acting on atmospheric formations.

 A device is known (RF patent JN ° 2124288 C1, CL Е01Н 13/00, 12.19.1997, published January 10, 1999, bul. N ° l), which contains wires connected to the current source with a small radius of curvature of the surface and attached to insulators of supports parallel to an electrically conductive grid mounted in a vertical plane passing through the axes of symmetry of adjacent supports. The corona discharge generated by the corona wires creates an ion wind that is directed from the corona wires to a grounded grid. A cloud of fog, passing through the area of the corona discharge, receives an electric charge and the ion wind, as well as an external wind flow is sent to a grounded grid. Passing through the cells of a grounded grid, electrically charged mist droplets are separated from the wind flow and the cleared wind mist is directed to the area protected from the mist.

Known technical solution provides for the separation of mist droplets from the air flow incident on the protected object. Purified from the drops of fog, the air flow has good optical transparency and provides the necessary visual range. Separation of mist drops in a known technical solution is carried out in two stages: at the first stage, in the area of corona discharge, electric drops of mist are charged, and at the second stage electrically charged drops are separated on a grounded surface.

 The effectiveness of the separation of drops in a known technical solution is determined by the stability of the corona discharge, which can be achieved in conditions of high accuracy of the gap of the discharge gap over the entire area of the device, which is a complex technological task and requires significant financial costs.

 The closest technical solution to the claimed method and device for dispersing fog is a device for dispersing fog according to the RF patent for the invention N ° 2616393 RU.

 The known method consists in exposing a drop of mist to the side with an electric field windward from the object being monitored, formed between cylindrical electrodes connected to a source of electrical power and covered with a porous, with open pores, material grounded elements.

 The known device comprises cylindrical electrodes connected to an electrical power source, in the gaps between which with a gap relative to their surface grounded elements are installed covered with porous, with open pores. The grounded elements are made in the form of a free-for-flow structure, and the installation of adjacent electrodes excludes the overlap of their normal projections onto the grounded elements.

 In the known method and device, an electric field induces an electric dipole moment on the surface of fog droplets, forcing them to move to a grounded surface, to pass through the porous material and precipitate in its pores. Cleared from the drops of fog, the air flow is placed in the direction of the controlled area. The air, free from fog droplets, displaces the fog from a controlled area.

 Thus, the known method and device effectively enough to ensure the dispersion of fog over the controlled area at low cost energy capacity.

However, in high-voltage power supplies available on the market, the output voltage is limited, which forces the electric field to generate the known method and device to reduce the gap between the electrode and the grounded surface, which leads to an increase in metal intensity of structures and limits its practical application with the purpose of protection against the fog of long, extended objects, perpendicularly oriented with respect to the flowing fog, for example, on highways and bridges.

 The aim of the claimed invention is the simplicity of the structures, reducing the material intensity of the structures.

 To achieve this goal, in the well-known method of fog dispersion, which consists in exposing fog drops to an electric field formed from the side leveled off from the object being monitored, the process of exposing fog drops to an electric field is preceded by the generation of a corona discharge in the volume of fog passing through the region of the active electric field;

 A known device for dissipating fog, containing an electrode connected to a high-voltage power source, installed with a gap relative to a grounded surface on the side winded from the object to be monitored, is equipped with a corona discharge device installed at least 5 meters away from the side winded from the electrode along the entire territory of the object being monitored .

 The achievement of the technical result in the claimed invention is ensured by the fact that in the proposed method and, accordingly, the device, the electric field is applied to the mist droplets that have passed through the corona discharge area, where they receive an electric charge.

 The effectiveness of an electric field on electrically charged droplets is almost an order of magnitude higher than on electrically neutral droplets. In addition, when a corona discharge is generated in the volume of a fog by a negative potential, the fog drops will have a negative charge, and the effect of the electric field of the Earth will also be added to the electric field from the positively charged electrode.

 Electrically charged drops of fog will rise above the controlled object under the influence of a positively charged electrode and under the action of the electric field of the Earth.

 The additional effect of the electric field of the Earth allows the fog to be dispersed above the object to be monitored by a high-voltage cable suspended above the ground and, thus, to provide a window of transparency several meters high above the object being monitored.

Thus, the claimed method involves the formation in the fog above the controlled object of the window of transparency of small height, but sufficient to ensure the uninterrupted movement of vehicles on the serviced highways and activities of other economic entities in fog.

 The implementation of the claimed method of dispersion of fog provides, first of all, the analysis of meteorological and orographic conditions in the vicinity of the monitored object, determining the speed and direction of movement of wind flows relative to the monitored object in fog conditions, as well as the required height of the transparency window, which must be provided in the controlled territory in fog .

 In advance, before the start of work to ensure the dispersion of fog along the controlled territory, from the side leveled up from the controlled object, at a height of not less than 1 meter higher than the required height of the assumed height of the transparency windows in the event of fog, an electrode is suspended above the Earth’s surface be electrically insulated and / or made in the form of high-voltage cable.

 The functional diagram of the device implementing the claimed method of fog dispersion is shown in FIG. one.

 In order to ensure safety and reduce electrical losses from all kinds of leakage currents, high-voltage cable 1 can be installed on high-voltage insulators 2, mounted on supports 3 installed along the entire controlled area.

 On the side winded from the high-voltage cable 1 at a distance of not less than 5 meters, additional supports 4 are installed along the entire territory of the controlled object, on which, on insulators 5 at a height of not less than 5 meters from the ground, are mounted the corona electrodes 6. An arrow marked W The wind direction is indicated. The approach of the high-voltage cable 1 to the boundary of the object being monitored is selected from the condition of achieving maximum fog dispersion efficiency over the object being monitored.

 This also takes into account the safety conditions of operation of high-voltage cable, the need and possibility of alienation of the territory, and other conditions taken into account at all stages of the project.

 Implementation of the claimed method is as follows.

In the event of fog and the threat of its leakage to a controlled area, a high voltage is applied to the corona electrodes 6 and the high-voltage cable 1. In the area of the installed corona electrodes 6, a corona discharge is generated, providing electric charging of mist droplets passing in the direction of the controlled object.

 Electrically charged drops of fog under the action of wind flow move in the direction of the controlled object and fall into the space between the high-voltage cable 1 and the ground. Under the action of an electric field from an electrically charged high-voltage cable 1, electrically charged droplets move under the action of forces exerted by an electric field on electrically charged droplets. And, depending on the sign applied to the high-voltage cable, the electrically charged fog drops either move to the surface of the earth or to the surface of the electrically charged high-voltage cable 1.

 Considering the fact that the Earth has a negative electric charge, and the Earth's electric field of the order of 100 V / m acts on the surface of the Earth, it is advisable to use this circumstance in order to enhance the effect of this technology.

 For these purposes, it is advisable to apply a negative potential to the corona electrodes 6, and to send a positive potential to the electrode 1. In this case, the effect of the electric field of the electrode 1 on the negatively charged drops of fog will be folded with the action of the electric field of the Earth.

 Electrically charged negative potential fog drops will rise above the earth's surface under the action of not only the electric field of the electrically charged electrode, but also under the action of the electric field of the Earth itself, which will allow to create transparency windows over the object being controlled using a rather simple, low-consumption device.

 Thus, the proposed method by using, respectively, a fairly simple device, ensures the dispersion of fog over the controlled object and forms transparency windows above the controlled object with a height sufficient for carrying out activities of economic entities and / or uninterrupted traffic on the controlled object.

 A device that implements the proposed method practically includes several wires in isolation and with a gap relative to the surface of the Earth installed on the windward side along the object being monitored.

 In contrast to the known device designs, the proposed new technical solution is notable for its simplicity of design, regular maintenance, and also much less material consumption.

Claims

CLAIM 1. A method of mist dispersion, which consists in acting on mist droplets by an electric field generated from the side leveled off from the object being monitored, characterized in that the effect on the mist droplets by the electric field is preceded by the generation of a corona discharge in the volume of fog passing through the region of the active electric field.  2. A device for dissipating fog, containing an electrode connected to a high-voltage power source, installed with a clearance relative to the ground on the side winding away from the object being monitored, characterized in that it is equipped with a corona discharge generator installed at a distance of at least 5 meters away from the side winded from the electrode the entire territory of the controlled object.