RU2318385C2 - Method and composition for insecticidal treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: claimed method includes smokeblock conflagration to produce aerosol containing synthetic pyrethroid, heat releasing element and auxiliary additives. Additionally block contains e[tract from plant with insecticidal properties, in synthetic pyrethroid/extract mass ratio from 2:1 to 20:1 and silica as burning stabilizer. Claimed composition contains (mass %): mixture of synthetic pyrethroid and plant extract: 40-55; heat releasing element 40-55; silica 5-15; and balance: auxiliary additives. Treatment is carried out at aerosol concentration of 0.001-0.5.

EFFECT: composition of increased effectiveness and decreased toxicity.

19 cl, 3 tbl, 13 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in poultry and livestock for pest insect control, as well as in medicine for combating parasitic insects and carriers of infectious diseases.

Currently, various solutions and emulsions for surface treatment, tablets, insect repellents, etc. are used to control insects. As a rule, to achieve the goals, it is necessary to ensure that the insects or their environment are in contact with a sufficient amount of active principle.

In particular, it is known to use for these purposes an emulsion containing didecyldimethylammonium bromide with 0.1-50 wt.% Permethrin, which additionally includes polyethylene glycol, an emulsifier and perfume (RF patent No. 2259813, 2005). However, this method is very time-consuming and not effective enough when used on a massive scale.

In particular, insecticidal lotions containing quaternary ammonium salts (QUAS) as 0.5% neostigmine bromide or 0.05% neostigmine methyl sulfate (Pat. RF No. 2157182, 2000) are described as active ingredients. These salts are known in medicine as strong cholinesterase inhibitors, which are highly toxic to warm-blooded animals due to the presence of a carbamoyl group in their molecule (Mashkovsky M.D. Medicines, 1993, v. 2, p. 492).

Emulsion concentrates for combating scabies mites of sheep and cattle are known, containing synergistic combinations of diphenylcarbodiimides with such a widespread HOUR as lauryl dimethylbenzylammonium chloride. Benzalkonium chloride and diphenylcarbodiimides are low toxic for warm-blooded animals. However, diphenylcarbodiimides are not available on an industrial scale, and hazardous chemicals such as bromine, 2,6-diisopropylphenyl isocyanate and P-methylphospholine oxide (RF patent No. 2157181, 2000; RF patent No. 2077315, 1997; RF patent No. 201448804, 1995) are used in their synthesis. .

Famous domestic pediculicidal emulsion concentrates "Acro-honey" (TU 9392-003-16964697-00), "Medifox-super" (Lists No. 0056-01 and 0061-02 of domestic and foreign disinfectants approved for use in the Russian Federation ) and Medifox (Lists No. 0055-01 and 0059-02 of domestic and foreign disinfectants approved for use on the territory of the Russian Federation). The first of these is a 25% permethrin concentrate and is used at a 1:50 dilution. Medifox-super contains 20% permethrin and is diluted in a ratio of 1: 100, and Medifox contains 5% permethrin and diluted in a ratio of 1:25. Thus, the working solutions of Acromeda, Medifoxa Super and Medifoxa contain 0.5%, 0.2% and 0.2% permethrin, respectively. Due to the allergenic and skin-irritating properties inherent to permethrin at these concentrations, such solutions can cause a burning sensation at the rubbing site and irritate the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, mouth and genitals (Mashkovsky M.D. Medicines, 1993, v. 2 , p. 492, RF patent No. 2259813, 2003).

Also known is a 20% emulsion concentrate of permethrin Neopitroid EC 20 (manufacturer - JSC Pliva, Croatia), designed to protect all types of farm animals and birds from scabies, stinging and irritating flies, fleas, mosquitoes, etc. used in a dilution of 1: 200-1: 400 (working solutions contain 0.05-0.1% permethrin). However, at this concentration, permethrin does not have ovicidal activity, as a result of which such working solutions are unsuitable for anti-pediculosis treatments. In addition, this method of using insecticides is very time-consuming and not effective enough.

The most promising for processing rooms and a large number of living objects is the aerosol method, which is characterized by high efficiency, low labor intensity and speed of achieving positive results.

A large number of drugs are known that are used to control flying insects (flies, mosquitoes, gadflies), in the form of a spray aerosol or in the form of smoke bombs (Aerosols in agriculture. / Collection of articles edited by A.G. Amelin. M .: Agricultural Publishing House, 1956, p.172-174; RF patent No. 2058742, 1994; RF patent No. 2070797, 1996).

Currently developed pyrotechnic insecticidal compositions with various, depending on their purpose, active substances. So, pyrotechnic smoke-forming insecticidal composition (PDS) is known, containing 51% technical hexachloran, 24% potassium chlorate, 10% ammonium chloride, 15% dicyandiamide (B.C. Yarnykh. Aerosols in veterinary medicine. M: Kolos, 1972, p. 318); insecticidal PDS containing 30% insecticide (chlorophos), 20% potassium chlorate, 20% dicyandiamide, 5% starch, 25% talc (SU 149648, 1962); PDS containing 61% hexachloran, 17% wood sawdust, 7% peat, 6% ammonium nitrate, 4% starch and 5% water (B.C. Yarnykh. Aerosols in veterinary medicine. M: Kolos, 1972, p. 319).

Insecticidal compositions are also known, which include 25% potassium chlorate, 40% dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), 22% ammonium chloride, 3% technical anthracene, 3% dextrin, 7% dicyandiamide (TU 84-242-77); and containing 20% potassium chlorate, 12% ammonium chloride, 8% urotropine, 60% gamma isomer hexachlorocyclohexane (SU 225615, 1968).

All of these formulations have a common disadvantage in that they contain highly toxic compounds with a cumulative effect as an active substance: hexachloran, gamma isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane, DDT, etc. with a high content of them in the composition (from 40 to 60% by weight), and therefore they are not widely used and are currently discontinued.

Known insecticidal compositions that contain synthetic pyrethroids (V. I. Martynenko and other Pesticides as an active ingredient (active substance, DV). - M.: Agropromizdat, 1992, pp. 76-77, 86, 87), which are esters of various derivatives of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid. These compounds, characterized by high insecticidal activity, quickly decompose in the light, in water and in soil, without polluting the environment. All these compounds are sparingly soluble in water; therefore, they are used mainly either in the form of emulsion concentrates, or in the form of powders or suspension concentrates.

The main disadvantages of these compositions are the need for special equipment for applying drugs to processing facilities, as well as high consumption rates and, as a result, excessive costs and increased risk of environmental pollution.

It is known to use pyrethroids, in particular permethrin, in a smoke bomb containing 28-56 wt.% Urea and thiuram as fuel, 24-36 wt.% Potassium chlorate, 8-20 wt.% Chlorinated plasticizer as an oxidizing agent polyvinyl chloride resin plasticized with dibutyl phthalate or tricresyl phosphate, and 4-8 wt.% aerosil (RU 2084147, 1994). The disadvantage of this composition is the allocation during its operation of hydrogen chloride, as well as large losses (25-50%) of the active principle during its use.

An insecticidal pyrotechnic composition is known, including an insecticide, an oxidizing agent (potassium nitrate or potassium chlorate), a fuel and a flame arrester (for example, ammonium chloride), and either cotton, wood and perfume, or combustible organic and inorganic compounds (iditol and anthracene), and as an insecticide - synthetic pyrethroid (RF patent No. 2058742, 2004). The consumption of the composition when it is used in smoldering mode is about 50 mg per 1 m ³ . The composition showed a rather high efficiency against winged insects, but significantly less to combat ticks, lice, etc. parasites.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention in relation to the method is the use of an aerosol preparation, which is a mixture of pyrethroid (in particular, permethrin) and an organophosphorus compound (thio- and dithiophosphates: pyrimifos-methyl, chlorpyrimifom-methyl, azamethiophos, tetrachlorvinphos, acephate, themeophos , bromfos, iodfenfos, indifos, pyridafenthion, azinfos-ethyl, melathion, dimethoate), in a mass ratio of 6: 1 to 1:20, used in a concentration of the active principle of 0.01-0.5 g / m ³ and also auxiliary additives and approx B (combustion products, oxidizers, etc.). The initial composition contains 20-40 wt.% The specified mixture, 5-31 wt.% Fuel, 24-28 wt.% The oxidizing agent and flame arrester (RF patent No. 2175838, 2000).

The disadvantage of the composition is the use of organophosphorus substances in its composition, which can adversely affect the composition of milk and eggs, the need to use high concentrations of pyrethroids that can have a negative effect on the body (RF patent No. 2259813, 2003), the complex composition of the initial mixture.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention in relation to the composition is a composition for producing a pesticidal aerosol that provides stable combustion, containing as thermal base 40-60 wt.% Powder crumbs or nitrocellulose, plasticized with a hardly volatile solvent (triacetin, diphenylamine or dibutyl phthalate), as a stabilizer of combustion of 5-15 wt.% silicon dioxide or silica sand with a particle size of 300-500 microns, which ensures stable combustion of the composition without a breakthrough of the flame and sparks, and as pesticides 25-50 wt.% synthetic pyrethroids: permethrin, cypermethrin, alfamethrin, deltamethrin, neopinamine. The drug is used as a smoke bomb to protect animals, birds and plants from parasitic diseases and disinfection of agricultural objects.

The disadvantage of the composition is its lack of effectiveness and high toxicity.

The challenge facing the authors was to create a composition for aerosol use with higher insecticidal activity while reducing its toxicity. Particularly important is the solution of this problem in relation to birds and young animals most sensitive to the effects of chemicals.

The problem was solved by using a mixture of cypermethrin with natural plant insecticides in the checker as an active principle. As the latter, extracts of garlic or tansy are used.

Currently, tansy extract (Chrysanthemum tanacetum Karsh) is used as an anthelmintic, as well as in liquid form against fleas and flies (M.A. Nosal, I.M. Nosal. Medicinal plants in folk medicine. M .: Vneshebrika, 1991, p.119). Extracts or infusions of sowing garlic (Allium sativum L.) are used as an anthelmintic, as well as by spraying trees against aphids or spider mites (L.Ya. Sklerevsky, I.A. Gubanov. Medicinal plants in everyday life. M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1971, p. 193).

There are no reports of the possibility of using them as part of aerosols in the literature reviewed.

The technical result of the present invention is a significant expansion of the spectrum of action of the insecticidal composition due to the introduction into the composition of plant extracts of plants with insecticidal properties. The proposed composition can be used for various types of parasites, including, in particular, flies, lice, gadfly, whipworms, ticks, down-and-eaters, etc. The combination of low toxicity with high efficiency, the absence of traces of the ingredients of the composition in meat, milk and eggs after processing allows the use of the insecticide along with the use for a wide range of domestic animals also for the prevention and treatment of diseases of young animals and birds. The high efficiency of the composition, combined with the absence of corrosive ingredients in it, allows it to be used for processing residential premises, warehouses, as well as grain, flour, vegetables and other food products. The presence in the composition of biologically active substances included in the extracts can additionally have a therapeutic effect on the skin, plumage, internal systems of animals and birds (providing immunostimulating, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, etc. effects), providing an improvement in the general condition of the body, reducing terms of treatment of diseases caused by parasites, increasing milk yield and egg production of birds. Improving the effectiveness of the drug and reducing the consumption rate of the drug is due to the formation of a fine suspension of microdroplets of extract containing cypermethrin as a result of burning the checker, as a result of which, on contact with the body of an animal or bird, the effect of cypermethrin is carried out more gently by stopping it with extractant and, on the other hand, insecticidal substances, both water- and oil-soluble, appear in the composition, which expands their possibilities of influencing the parasite . In some cases, some ingredients of the extracts, apparently, can act as penetrants, ensuring the penetration of the pyrethroid through the outer covers of both animals and insects and, as a result, creating a synergistic effect.

The technical result in relation to the method was obtained due to the use of an aerosol preparation consisting of a mixture of pyrethroid - cypermethrin and extract of garlic or tansy in a mass ratio of 2: 1 to 20: 1 in a concentration of 0.01-0.5 g / m ³ obtained for insect control when burning a smoke bomb containing an active principle - insecticidal substances, a heat-releasing component and auxiliary additives. Typically, the processing time is 15-30 minutes, the exposure time is at least 1 hour. The exact time of treatment and exposure is determined based on the composition of the drug used, the characteristics and extent of infection.

The composition typically contains cypermethrin, however, it can be fully or partially replaced by deltamethrin or promethrin.

The differences in the effect of extracts of garlic and tansy for the tested parasites is at the level of experimental error.

Depending on the object being treated and the nature of the infection, the composition of the composition may include various auxiliary additives, such as motor oil (when processing technical rooms), flavorings, plant extracts, which are able to improve the condition of the skin of animals and birds (for example, wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.)), a solvent, for example ethyl alcohol, a plasticizer (triacetin, butyl phthalate), etc. Their total content is less than 3 wt.% (As a rule, it is a fraction of a percent) and does not significantly affect the basic performance indicators of the mixture.

The use of the mixture in a concentration of the active principle of less than 0.01 g / m ³ , as a rule, is not effective enough, in a concentration of more than 0.5 g / m ³ in some cases it is possible, but not practical, because leads to ineffective drug consumption.

The smoke-gas mixture that forms during the combustion of checkers contains, along with the active principle, volatile combustion products, which mainly include carbon monoxide and dioxide and nitrogen oxides, as well as impurities - chlorine, formaldehyde, benzene, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, ethyl ether.

The content of the active principle in the resulting smoke mixture is 10-20%, depending on the composition of the checker. Moreover, the tests showed that the use of a flue mixture for disinfestation without an active principle is practically ineffective.

The technical result regarding the composition of the checker, which received the code name "Pawn" (application for trademark No. 20055718872), is achieved by the composition, which includes:

- a mixture of the active principle - synthetic pyrethroid and an extract of natural plant insecticide (garlic or tansy) in a mass ratio from 2: 1 to 20: 1 - 40-55 wt.%;

- heat-generating component - powder powder or nitrocellulose - 40-55 wt.%;

- auxiliary additives - the rest.

As a synthetic pyrethroid, it contains cypermethrin, deltamethrin or promethrin; as an extract of a plant natural insecticide - industrially produced water or oil extracts of garlic or tansy, as auxiliary additives - a solvent, for example ethyl alcohol, plasticizing additives, motor oil, flavorings, plant extracts with a therapeutic effect, improving the performance of an insecticidal aerosol.

The main component of the thermal basis of the composition of the checker is powder powder or nitrocellulose. Changing its content in the composition below 40 wt.% Dramatically reduces the flammability and the possibility of burning the composition.

Excess in the composition of powder crumbs or nitrocellulose above 55 wt.% Leads to the formation of sparks during operation of the product and ignition of the resulting aerosol, which is the cause of destruction, decomposition and partial combustion of the active principle.

An increase in the active principle in the composition of more than 55 wt.% Leads to a decrease in the flammability or attenuation of the checker during combustion, a decrease in its share of less than 40% leads to a sharp decrease in the processing efficiency.

The use of less than 5 wt.% In the composition of the extracts increases the toxicity of the composition and somewhat reduces its effectiveness, its content of more than one third significantly reduces the insecticidal effect of the mixture.

The main auxiliary additive included in the composition of the Pawn checkers is a combustion stabilizer - silicon dioxide (silica sand), whose share is 5-15 wt.%, Which accumulates heat in the reaction zone of the condensed phase, thereby providing layer-by-layer ignition of elementary layers of the composition. In the slag zone, the stabilizer plays the role of a filter of the resulting gaseous products of combustion, prevents the dispersion of burning particles of the composition into the aerosol formation zone, providing flameless combustion of the compositions.

Along with this, the composition of the checkers as ingredients may include the above-described auxiliary additives that increase the effectiveness of the aerosol.

An increase in the fraction of silicon dioxide (quartz sand) in the composition of more than 15% sharply reduces the flammability and the possibility of burning the composition, its content in the composition is less than 5%, also causes partial combustion of the active principle.

The Pawn checker is prepared using plastisol technology: powder crumb or nitrocellulose with a particle size of 2-3 mm is mixed with the active principle and auxiliary additives in a horizontal paddle mixer or similar equipment for 10-20 minutes, then silicon dioxide is introduced in the form of silica sand with a particle size of 300-500 microns. The resulting mixture is thoroughly mixed, dried to a moisture content of not more than 2%, and loaded into a case equipped with a stopping wick or a fire-resistant cord, after which the case is closed with a lid, glued with a label, thermostated at a temperature of 50-60 ° C for 0.5-1.0 hours and packaged .

When disinfecting rooms, the Pawn checkers in the required amount are evenly placed around the room, after which they remove the lid from each and light the wick. Intensive aerosol release begins after 10-20 s. If necessary, turn on the fans of the internal air circulation. After completion of the operation, the room is left for some time (from 1 to 4 hours) closed for complete deposition of the aerosol, after which the room is ventilated.

When working outdoors (treatment of herds, pastures), calm weather is chosen and the potential direction of aerosol propagation is taken into account.

In the framework of the claimed invention, a number of formulations of the “Pawn” checkerboard were developed, which provide reliable results for the protection of animals and birds against parasitic diseases, arthropod pests and disinfection of agricultural objects.

Plastisol technology for the preparation of the composition allows it to be dispensed directly into the body of the product with its complete monolithic filling, which prevents volumetric combustion in the composition under application conditions.

The proposed composition was tested both in laboratory conditions and during preventive and destructive measures in a production environment. The resulting aerosols belong to the 3rd hazard class, LD ₅₀ for white mice is 8100 mg / kg, SK ₅₀ aerosols is 270 ± 9.7 g / m ³ SK ₁₀₀ aerosols is 400 g / m ³ .

The Sanitary and Epidemiological Conclusion No. 78.01.06.244 was received. P.001521.03.03, confirming the compliance of the Pawn checkers with the requirements of SNIP. It is indicated that the substances used do not have a toxic effect. The content of harmful substances in the air 2 hours after application does not exceed the MPC.

The industrial applicability of the invention is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. Obtaining checkers "Pawn-1". 23.4 g of a powder crumb fraction with a particle size of 2-3 mm was mixed with 22 g of cypermethrin, 1.5 g of tansy oil extract and 2 ml of ethyl alcohol in a horizontal paddle mixer for 15 minutes, then 3 g of silicon dioxide was introduced in the form of silica sand with particle size 300-500 microns. The resulting mixture was mixed, dried to a moisture content of 1.3%, and the shell of the casing equipped with a stopping wick was stuffed. Checkers made in this way are brought into action, setting them on fire from the surface with a burning match or torch. PTS smolders, emitting smoke turbulently spreading in the treated volume.

Example 2. According to the technology described in example 1, were obtained samples of pieces for testing. The composition of the obtained products are shown in table 1.

Table 1.
The composition of the products "Pawn" made for testing Product No. Joint venture Extract TC VD Type of % Type of % Type of % SiO ₂ % type of % one CPU 44 EP 2.8 PC 46.8 6 SE 0.4 2 CPU 44 ECh 2.7 PC 46.9 6 SE 0.4 3 CPU thirty ECh 15.0 PC 55.0 10 - - four CPU 40 ECh 2.0 SC 40.0 fifteen EL 3.0 5 Dm 44 EP 2.8 PC 45.0 6 TA 2.0 6 PM 44 ECh 2.8 PC 45.1 6 Df 1.9 7 (neg) CPU 54 EP 0.6 PC 40.0 5.0 SE 0.4 8 (neg) CPU twenty EP twenty PC 54.0 5.6 SE 0.4 * TK - thermo-releasing component; SP - synthetic pyrethroid; VD - auxiliary additive PC - powder powder; SC - nitrocellulose; EP - tansy extract; EC - garlic extract; EL - wormwood extract; SE - ethyl alcohol; TA - triacetin; DF - diphenylamine; CP - cypermethrin; DM - deltamethrin; PM - promethrin.

table 2
Characteristics of the resulting flue mixture Product No. SP ratio: extract The proportion of active principle in the gas mixture one 15: 1 18,4 2 17: 1 14.7 3 2: 1 13.8 four 20: 1 8.4 5 15,5: 1 12,2 6 16: 1 13.8 7 (neg) 80: 1 16.6 8 (neg) 1: 1,5 9.3

Example 3. To study the insecticidal effectiveness of aerosols in experiments on flies, the topical method and the method of forced 10-minute contact of flies using an exposure meter with treated wooden plates were used. At the same time, 10 × 10 cm plates were placed on a wooden shield 1 m ^{2 in} size. Then they were processed using smoke bombs and the exposure was maintained for 0.5, 1.3.5, 12 and 24 hours. The experiments were conducted on indoor flies of M. domestica 5-7 days old. Each dose or concentration of the drug was tested on at least 30 individuals.

The experiments were accompanied by control. Control individuals were subjected to a similar smoke treatment with checkers, but without insecticide content. Efficiency was taken into account after 24 hours.

To study the residual effect of aerosols on flies, they were periodically placed for 10 min on pre-treated plates made of wood, glass, concrete and other materials stored in laboratory conditions. Efficiency was taken into account in a day. The experiments were carried out at a temperature of 20-22 ° C and a relative humidity of 67-75%, i.e. in conditions favorable for the life of flies.

Indicators of insecticidal activity of various aerosols were compared with similar indicators characterizing the effectiveness of permethrin, cypermethrin and preparations made on the basis of these insecticides - perol and cymbush.

To study the insecticidal effect of aerosols on flying flies, a rectangular aerosol chamber with a volume of 1 m ^{3 was used} . The air temperature in the chamber during the experiments was from 15 to 25 ° C, relative humidity in the range of 75-85%. The experimental flies were monitored by recording their condition and time of death at various concentrations of the drug in the chamber. The experimental results were compared with the control when the flies were kept under similar conditions in the chamber, but without exposure to the drug.

The distribution of cypermethrin after launching aerosols into the room was studied in an airtight chamber. To determine the residues of cypermethrin, aerosol was introduced into the chamber using an aerosol can at the rate of 1 g / m ³ . Samples were taken in three stages: 1 min after aerosol start-up, 30 min, 1.5 hours later. Using the Krotov apparatus, air samples were taken. With glass plates placed on the floor, walls and ceiling (3 pieces each), washings were made with five milliliters of acetone. To determine the mass of cypermethrin, the method of gas-liquid chromatography was used in accordance with the "Temporary guidelines for the determination of pyrethroids (permethrin, cypermethrin and decamethrin) by gas-liquid chromatography in milk and meat of animals."

The aerosol dose of pure cypermethrin in the chamber, causing damage to house flies in 15 minutes at 20-25 ° C, is 2.3 mg / m ³ . When using aerosols from Pawn checkers of various compositions, it was: for Pawn 1, 0.9 mg / m ³ ; for "pawn-2" - 0.8 mg / m ³ for "pawn-5 '- 2.4 mg / m ^3; for "Pawn-7" - 1.3 mg / m ³ ; for "Pawn-8" - 2.4 mg / m ^3, respectively.

Cypermethrin in the form of smoke aerosols of the claimed composition significantly exceeds in insecticidal activity both pure cypermethrin and insecticides such as iermetrine, lindane, chlorophos.

The results of experimental studies showed that the residual effect of the Pawn-1 aerosol (0.01 g / m ³ ) against flies lasts on the glass for at least 4 months (after 3 months of storage of the plates, 99% of the flies died); on metal, concrete, wood - 3 months (after 3 months 73.5% and 63.7% of flies died, respectively).

At the same time, an aqueous emulsion of cymbush with the same content of cypermethrin, used for processing wooden plates at the same consumption rate (according to cypermethrin), showed less efficiency: respectively, after 3 months, 65% of flies die: after 2 months - 77% of flies.

Example 4. Work on pest control was performed at the poultry farm "Yasnosorenskaya" and the pig farm "Belgrankorm" Belgorod region.

As a result of the work, 3 species of bestial flies from this family were found. Muscidaeae (real flies): Musca domestica L. - housefly; Stomoxys calcitrans - autumn lighter; Muscucina stabulans Flln. house fly; Fannia canicularis L. - small housefly.

Common house flies were found in collections throughout the year. By the number of individuals, this species dominates (90.1%). In order to determine the effectiveness of the use of Pawn checkers for the destruction of flying insects (flies) in poultry houses after disinfection, tests were carried out on 6 buildings of the Yasnosorenskoye production in the Belgorod Region.

The experiment was carried out in 6 workshops after mechanical cleaning of manure, washing equipment with hot (60 ° C) water and preliminary disinfection with a 2% formalin solution by irrigation from the DUK installation (consumption of 1 liter per 1 m ² ) in the absence of poultry. The volume of one processed room amounted to 6000 m ³ .

Insecticidal treatment was performed using four Pawn-2 checkers. The control was workshop 22, where the insecticidal treatment was carried out with the neostomazan preparation (Sanofi, France) at the rate of 1 ml per 5 m ³ aerosol at a concentration of 1 ml per 200 ml of water (1200 ml of neostomazan was consumed).

The effectiveness of the drugs was taken into account in the presence of a planted bird. In shop 22, flies began to appear 10 days after treatment with neostomazane, and 20 days after treatment there was a need for repeated forced disinsection. In the shops where the Peshka-2 aerosol treatment was performed, 100% death of flies was found.

Thus, the use of Peshka-2 checkers in production conditions ensured high efficiency against flies when processed with a consumption rate of 0.01 g / m at lower financial costs than when treated with neostomazane.

Example 5. In the OJSC “Agro-Balt” during the inspection of cowsheds, the presence of the following flying insects was revealed: house fly (Muska domestica), field fly (Muska autumnalis), midges (family Simuliidae), horsefly (Tabaninae subfamily), Drosophila fly in number 50-70 individuals per 1 m ³ .

In the first group of cows in an amount of 100 goals, the Pawn-4 checker spray was used three times with an interval of 30 days based on the calculation of 0.02 g / m ^{3 of} air, which is 200 mg of cypermethrin per animal. After exposure for 30 minutes and subsequent ventilation of the room, the condition of the animals did not worsen. 30 minutes after treatment, the insects slowed down for years, became more lethargic, after 60 minutes they died, which was noted visually. Cows were observed for 15 days after treatment.

To determine the effect of aerosol on the animal organism in 5 cows before the experiment and after 2 hours, on the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th day, blood was taken for a complete hematological study and determination of some biochemical blood parameters (alkaline phosphatase, alkaline reserve, total protein, calcium phosphorus), which was sent to the Leningrad Regional Laboratory.

During the experiment in experimental cows, in comparison with the control, no significant differences in the morphological parameters of blood were found. By the end of the experiment, the cows of the experimental group had a slight decrease in hemoglobin, as well as a slight decrease in the number of red blood cells and white blood cells.

In the second group, in the amount of 100 goals, “Electron” tags (England) were used, which were fixed to each cow in the ear.

In the third group, cymbush (the active ingredient cypermethrin) was used by the method of small drop spraying with a 0.25% aqueous emulsion at the rate of 50 ml per animal five times with an interval of 7-8 days (dose of cypermethrin 0.125 g per animal).

In the control group there were cows of the corresponding gender and age. After treatment, the udder of the cows was washed with warm water. Animals grazed on different pastures.

The effectiveness of the treatments was determined on the basis of visual counts of the number of flies in experimental and control animals, which were performed on 10 animals in each group with an interval of 5-7 days when using tags and every 2-3 days when spraying and every 2-3 days when applying checkers.

After spraying the Pawn, the attack of the flies ceased immediately after the animals were pastured on the pasture. When using the “Electron” tags, before processing, on average 32 small cow lighters and 15 licking flies attacked one cow. Within 4 days after fixing the tags, the number of female lighters decreased by 90%, the number of licking species - by 61.1%.

Tagging during an attack of 25-30 flies contributed to a reduction in the number of the latter by 98-99%, the duration of the protective action was 10-15 days.

With small-volume spraying of animals, cypermethrin in the form of cymbush in the form of a 0.125% aqueous emulsion, 100% death of the field fly was observed after 10 minutes of contact with the hair of treated animals for 6-8 days, with a 2-fold increase in the dose of the drug, the residual actions increased by 3-4 days, but the cost of treatments increased accordingly.

Subsequently, over the pasture period, the number of lighters and licking flies in experimental animals of the first group did not exceed 5 and 10 individuals, on average, the effectiveness of the protective action of the tags was 94.7 and 64.3%, and the Pesh aerosol was 98.3 and 78.3%. The average milk yield of the cows of the experimental herd during the experiment was 18 kg (300 g per day from one head) more than in animals of the control group (P <0.002). The effectiveness of the protective action was maintained until the end of the season.

The number of flies in control animals during the experiment ranged from 30 to 150 individuals per unit of herd.

The residual amounts of cypermethrin in the organs, tissues, and milk of animals treated were taken into account by gas-liquid chromatography with a lower limit of determination of 0.005 mg / kg. The dynamics of the allocation of the drug with milk was studied in 4 groups of cows, 5 cows each. Milk samples were taken during the experiment for 3 months once a week. The residual amount of cypermethrin in organs and tissues was determined in samples taken from gobies with two tags and killed after 90 days. Lymph nodes, liver, kidney, spleen, perinephric fat, lungs of the heart, tongue, brain, and also muscles of the thigh, back, and skin with hair were examined.

It has been established that cypermethrin, when using the "Electron" tags for protection against pasture flies of dairy cows, can be excreted in milk. The drug was detected in an amount of 0.006 ± 0.001 mg / l in samples taken 64 days after the start of the experiment, and in the form of traces after 71 days.

In the organs and tissues of cows, cypermethrin was not detected, excluding skin with a scalp, where its content was 0.007 ± 0.001 mg / kg, which is a factor in repelling flying insects on pastures.

During small-droplet spraying and during the treatment with the “Pawn” aerosol, residual amounts of cypermethrin were not detected either in milk or in the organs and tissues of treated animals.

Example 6. In a production environment, the processing of premises, equipment and birds was performed against the fluffers of the family. Menoponidae - Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, eater from this. Philopteridae, Hamazoid tick Dermanyssus gallinae. The type of parasites was determined by microscopy. The bird observed severe itching, anxiety, gynekeratosis, scratching, feather loss, decreased fatness and egg production. The processing was carried out using the Pawn-1 checker after sealing the room at the rate of 0.1 g / m ³ twice with an interval of 14 days. The abundance of parasites was visualized using a magnifier. To study the effect of the drug on spoofers and parasitic mites, dust was collected from cracks and cracks in the room, swept into cans, tightly closed, and also collected into metal plates, the edges of which were treated with petroleum jelly. The observation was carried out using a magnifier. The death of ectoparasites was noted 2 hours after treatment. After a 15-minute contact of chicken mites with metal plates treated with an aerosol composition based on Pawn-1 at the rate of 0.04 g / m ³ , their death was noted.

In the premises for birds infected with ticks and bugs (tens and hundreds of individuals were found in the cracks), walls and equipment (cell batteries) were treated with aerosol based on Pawn-1 and 0.05-0.1% aqueous emulsions of cypermethrin at the rate of 100 -200 ml / m ² surface as a control.

In the rooms treated with the Pawn-1 aerosol there were no living insects. Processing was repeated after 7 days. During the observation period of 2.5 months, active ticks and bugs were not found.

The bulk of bedbugs, Persian and chicken mites in other rooms died after treatment with 0.05% and 0.01% cypermethrin emulsion, respectively. (Only a few individuals were found.)

Treatment with 0.025% and 0.05% emulsion as a control was repeated after 7-8 days, and against Persian ticks after 3 weeks, using a 0.1% emulsion. Active ticks and bugs were not found, observation).

It should be noted that the processing time with the Pawn-1 checker took 15-20 minutes in rooms, about 2 hours in the aqueous emulsion of cypermethrin.

Example 8. At p / f Zavodskaya and GPPZ Bolshevik, the treatment of premises against ectoparasites (flies) was carried out with the aerosol of checkers Peshka-5 and Peshka-6 in the presence of laying hens of 180-210 days old. The number of insects was 100-150 individuals per 1 m ³ . During processing, the bird behaved calmly. After 1 hour of exposure, 100% death of flying insects was noted

Example 9. In the winter-spring period, the effectiveness of the aerosol of the “Pawn-6” checkers was studied in a livestock breeding complex for raising cattle, which contains 3760 heads. Of these, 1336 animals with obvious clinical signs were affected by psoroptosis at the beginning of the experiment; in the study of skin scrapings, P. bovis ticks were found in large numbers. Aerosol was used at the rate of 0.04 g / m ³ . After 8 days, a second treatment was performed. The remaining 2424 livestock heads were treated once as a preventive measure. All treated animals were monitored for 3 months. 21 days after treatment, the signs of psoroptosis in animals disappeared, when mite skin scrapings were examined, mites were not found, which indicates the effectiveness of the claimed aerosols against cattle psoroptosis.

Example 10. At the state-owned enterprise pig farm "Vostochny" conducted a series of treatments in the presence of 30-day-old piglets in pig-ballies against flies. To determine the abundance and species of zoophilic flies, generally accepted methods were used. The number of flies was about 100 per 1 m ³ in the premises where the experiment was conducted.

In the experimental and control groups, 100 piglets of 30-37 days of age were selected on the basis of analogues. The exposure after the application of the Pawn-4 aerosol was 1 hour (before the settling of the smoke). The condition of the piglets before and after treatment was satisfactory, side effects (stress, lacrimation, cough) were not observed. The death of flies in the experimental group was 100%.

Example 11. In AOZT "Seltso" on f. Dobryanitsy Volosovsky district of the Leningrad region was treated pigs against lice (Haematopius suis). In animals, severe itching was expressed, skin abrasions, alopecia were noted. A strong degree of animal overstatement was noted. The diagnosis was made by the results of a clinical examination and the detection of lice and nits on the body on the hairline of animals.

In the experimental and control groups were selected 100 heads of pigs for fattening 1 10-150 days of age on the basis of analogues. The exposure after the application of the Pawn-2 checker was 1 hour.

At the beginning of the treatment, the animals showed anxiety for 5-10 minutes, which was due to the action of cypermetripe on lice and the activation of their vital functions, after 10-15 minutes the pigs calmed down. The presence of dead insects (lice) sitting on the ends of the bristles was noted. The death of lice in the experimental group was 100%. Re-treatment was carried out after 14 days. No lice were observed within 60 days after re-treatment (time of observation of animals). Infection of pigs with lice was not detected.

Example 12. In the private economy of the Leningrad region, pigs were treated against psoroptosis caused by Sarcoptes palvula. The aural form of psoroptosis, which was characterized by damage to the inner surface of the auricles and the skin around the ear, was clinically noted in old sows and boars.

The total form caused by S.suis was noted in fattening piglets at the age of 3-6 months. Clinical signs were characterized by skin lesions of various parts of the body, including the auricles.

The diagnosis was made by the detection of nodules, crusts, marked itching in animals. To confirm the diagnosis, scraping was collected from the skin from the inner surface of the ears and the lesion sites, examined by a standard technique.

According to the results of the research, animals were divided into 3 similar groups of 10 animals each, one of which was subjected to pawn-3 checkers aerosol treatment, the second to the treatment of an aqueous emulsion of cypermethrin with a 0.02% solution, and the third served as a control. Initially, treatment of 10 pigs began with softening and removing crusts by washing with soap. Then, in order to destroy ticks on animals and decontaminate the premises, care items and equipment were treated with aerosol at the rate of 0.5 g / m ³ 2 times in 14 days. After 2 treatments, the animals were cured.

The very next day after treatment, a significant reduction in itching was noted. On day 3, itching was completely absent; healing of the affected part of the skin was observed. On 3-4 days after the second treatment, the inflammatory process in the lesion foci disappeared, and the crusts disappeared. In the following days after the second treatment, growth of a new hairline was noted. On day 20-25, the lesion sites were completely covered with hair. Relapse of psoroptosis over the entire observation period (90 days) was not observed. After treatment, abnormalities were not observed in animals.

Then, the remaining animals were treated (treatment efficacy was determined after 14, 28 and 56 days). 14 and 28 days after the appointment, the effectiveness of cypermethrin against ticks was 100%, and after 56 days - 99.7%.

When using an aqueous emulsion of cypermethrin, the efficiency was 28.5% after 28 days, and the personnel’s working time during processing with a checker was significantly less.

A study of the results of processing livestock and poultry premises with Pawn checkers in laboratory and production conditions showed that checkers are an effective means of combating flying insects and ectoparasites and can be used in a complex of veterinary and sanitary measures recommended for animal husbandry. The consumption rates are given in table 3. The residual amount of the drug in the product at the recommended dosages do not exceed the maximum allowable levels.

Table 3
Norms of consumption of checkers "Pawn" Ectoparasite 1 checker per room volume (m ³ ): Multiplicity of application Effect Sheep goats Flies 1000-1500 1 time per month Protects from attack Lice 500-800 1 time per month Treating Scabies 200-400 2 times in a week Treating Cattle Flies 1000-1500 1 time per month Protects from attack Subcutaneous gadfly 200-400 During summer insects Protects from attack Lice eaters, lice 500-800 1 time per month Treating Scabies 200-500 2 times in a week Treating Gnus 200-500 2 times in a week Protects from attack Pigs Flies 1000-1500 1 time per month Protects from attack Scabies 200-500 2 times in a week Treating Lice eaters, lice 500-800 1 time per month Treating Horses Flies 1000-1500 1 time per month Protects from attack Gadgets 200-400 During summer insects Protects from attack Scabies 200-400 1 time in 2 weeks Treating Lice eaters, lice 500-800 1 time per month Treating Birds Flies 1000-1500 1-2 times a month Destroys Persian tick 500-800 1 time per month Treating Gas mite 500-800 2 times a month Treating Bed bug 200-400 1 time in 2 weeks Treating Down, peroids 500-800 2 times a month Treating Animal free livestock buildings Ectoparasite complex 200-400 1 time per month after rehabilitation Prophylactic

The residual amount of the drug in the product at the recommended dosages do not exceed the maximum allowable levels

Example 13. In the private sector of the Leningrad region, a series of treatments was performed in the presence of 30-day-old piglets in pig-balies against flies. To determine the abundance and species of zoophilic flies, generally accepted methods were used. The number of flies was about 85 per 1 m in the premises where the experiment was conducted. In the experimental and control groups, 100 piglets of 30-37 days old were selected on the basis of analogues. The exposure after the application of a checker containing 40% permethrin, 2.5% garlic extract, 35% nitrocellulose, 2.5% motor oil, 15% silicon dioxide, 2% isobutanol and 3% wormwood extract was 30 minutes. The condition of the piglets before and after treatment was satisfactory, side effects (stress, lacrimation, cough) were not observed. The death of flies in the experimental group was 100%.

The use of Pawn checkers in livestock farms and poultry farms gives the following advantages compared to traditional processing methods:

high insecticidal activity against insects;

repellent action;

aerosol penetration of active substances into hard-to-reach areas;

lack of environmental pollution;

the aerosol of the active substance of the checkers does not have a corrosive effect on metal structures.

It was shown that the treatment with checkers does not cause changes in behavior in animals; it is well tolerated. In addition, in the conducted pilot studies, compactness and simplicity of the processing of premises by personnel was noted; expenses of insignificant time (15-30 min) for preparation for action and work in any conditions; reduced drug consumption, increased processing efficiency, low toxicity to warm-blooded animals, low probability of flies becoming resistant to the drug, high efficiency, ease of use, and the possibility of using it in combination with other drugs.

Claims (19)

1. A method of insecticidal treatment of objects, including igniting a smoke bomb to form an aerosol containing synthetic pyrethroid, a heat-generating element and auxiliary additives, characterized in that it additionally contains an extract of a plant with insecticidal properties in a synthetic ratios of pyrethroid in a mass ratio: extract from 2: 1 to 20 : 1 and a combustion stabilizer - silicon dioxide in the following ratio of ingredients in the composition, wt.%: a mixture of synthetic pyrethroid and plant extract 40-55 thermal element 40-55 silica 5-15 auxiliary additives rest, moreover, the treatment is carried out at an aerosol concentration of 0.01-0.5 g / m ³ . 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the treatment is carried out with a mixture of synthetic pyrethroid and tansy extract. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the treatment is carried out with a mixture of synthetic pyrethroid and garlic extract. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the treatment is carried out using cypermethrin as a synthetic pyrethroid. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the treatment is carried out using deltamethrin as a synthetic pyrethroid. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the treatment is carried out using prometrin as a synthetic pyrethroid. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the treatment is carried out for 15-30 minutes with an exposure of at least 1 hour 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when disinfecting non-residential premises and pastures, motor oil is included as an auxiliary additive in the aerosol. 9. An insecticidal composition for producing an insecticidal aerosol containing synthetic pyrethroid, a heat-releasing component, a combustion stabilizer — silicon dioxide and auxiliary additives, characterized in that it additionally contains an extract of the plant with insecticidal properties in a synthetic pyrethroid mass ratio: extract from 2: 1 to 20 : 1, in the following ratio of ingredients in the mixture, wt.%: mixture of active principle synthetic pyrethroid and vegetable extract natural insecticide 40-55 thermo-forming component 40-55 silica 5-15 auxiliary additives rest 10. The insecticidal composition according to claim 9, characterized in that it contains cypermethrin as a synthetic pyrethroid. 11. The insecticidal composition according to claim 9, characterized in that it contains deltamethrin as a synthetic pyrethroid. 12. The insecticidal composition according to claim 9, characterized in that it contains prometrin as a synthetic pyrethroid. 13. The insecticidal composition according to claim 9, characterized in that as an extract of a plant having insecticidal properties, it contains tansy extract. 14. The insecticidal composition according to claim 9, characterized in that as an extract of the plant having insecticidal properties, it contains garlic extract. 15. The insecticidal composition according to claim 9, characterized in that it contains powder powder as a heat-generating component. 16. The insecticidal composition according to claim 9, characterized in that it contains nitrocellulose as a heat releasing component. 17. The insecticidal composition according to claim 9, characterized in that it contains ethyl alcohol as an auxiliary additive. 18. The insecticidal composition according to claim 9, characterized in that it contains a plasticizer as an auxiliary additive. 19. The insecticidal composition according to claim 9, characterized in that it contains motor oil as an auxiliary additive.