RU2315703C1 - Tank container - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: vessels for safe highly-concentrated liquid organic and inorganic peroxide transportation and storage in railroad, motor and water transport.

SUBSTANCE: tank container comprises one outer and at least one inner horizontal cylindrical body arranged so that axes thereof may be misaligned. Inner body is adapted for peroxide storage and is arranged inside outer body so that space is defined between the bodies. The space is filled with peroxide solvent. Inner body is rigidly secured to outer body by means of end skirt and is movably connected by means of support. One skirt side is fixed to inner body. Another skirt side is connected to outer body bottom. Support is fastened so that inner body may slide with respect to support under the action of thermal strain. The bodies have successive performance apparatuses and emergency apparatuses. The latter comprises rupturable diaphragms and pipes, which direct flow of decomposing peroxide from inner body into space between the bodies after inner body diaphragm rupture, and pipes, which remove diluted peroxide from the space after outer body diaphragm breakage.

EFFECT: increased operational reliability and transportation safety.

8 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to containers for the safe transportation and storage of highly concentrated liquids prone to exothermic self-decomposition, in particular liquid organic and inorganic peroxides, and can be used in rail, road and water transport.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Storage and transportation of highly concentrated, exothermically decomposing substances are associated with the suddenness of the explosion of the container, initiated by the gases and heat released during the decomposition of these substances.

An explosion-proof container for transporting and storing liquid organic and inorganic peroxides is known, having an emergency discharge system for decaying liquid, triggered by the destruction of the safety membrane at a pressure inside the container above a predetermined working pressure. The liquid is drained either directly through the bottom hole in the lower part of the container, or through an emergency discharge pipe through the hole in the upper part of the container (EP 0308544 B1, IPC ⁵ B65D 90/32, publ. 06.10.1993).

The known container solves the problem of explosiveness, but does not solve the problem of the safety of personnel and equipment, preventing damage to the environment, as well as the problem of further transportation or storage of dangerous goods, since the decomposing substance is completely poured out of the tank, causing harm to the environment.

Known container tank, which is part of the installation for receiving, storing and supplying hydrogen peroxide to production, the horizontal tank of which is equipped with three levels of protection: a breathing valve connecting the gas phase of hydrogen peroxide with the atmosphere during normal operation; a safety valve that discharges the gas phase with an average degree of decomposition of peroxide; a protective membrane that bursts during strong spontaneous decomposition of peroxide with the release of the vapor-gas mixture and the liquid phase (RU 2110461 C1, IPC ⁶ B65D 85/84, publ. 05/10/1998, bull. No. 13).

The well-known container tank has the same drawback as described above: the liquid phase as a result of the discharge is lost irrevocably (discharged into the sewer in a diluted form). In addition, during the release of undiluted decaying peroxide, it poses a risk to personnel, equipment and the environment.

A container tank is known, including a horizontal cylindrical tank, consisting of an outer casing isolated from each other during normal operation and an inner casing containing the transported liquid, arranged coaxially with respect to each other with the formation of a space between them filled with a liquid capable of neutralizing the transported liquid when if it gets (due to the corrosion of the inner case) into the inter-space (SU ed. certificate No. 1043073, IPC ³ В65D 88/12; В60Р 3/22; В64D 37/02; С08G 18/14, publ. 09/23/1983, bull. No. 35).

The well-known container tank prevents leakage of transported liquid, but it is not intended for the transport of substances that can spontaneously suddenly and quickly decompose with the release of a large amount of heat and gaseous decomposition products and its design does not provide for measures to stop the decomposition reaction and prevent the release of decomposition products into the environment .

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a container tank according to patent RU No. 2110461. It is selected as the closest analogue (prototype).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is the development of a tank container design for transporting and storing organic and inorganic peroxides that meets the requirements of national and international documents relating to the transport of dangerous goods, capable of preventing contact of peroxide and decomposition reaction products with personnel, transport and others equipment and the environment both during normal transportation and storage, and in the event of an emergency reaction zheniya.

The technical result that can be obtained by using the invention is to increase the operational reliability of the tank container while ensuring the safety of transportation and storage of substances that can spontaneously decompose explosively.

To solve this problem, in a tank container for transportation and storage of peroxide, containing two rectangular end frames with load gripping fittings, a horizontal cylindrical tank fastened to the said frames with an external body with a longitudinal axis, a normal functioning apparatus, including a discharge and loading device, a breathing valve , instruments for measuring level and temperature, and safety and emergency equipment, including a safety valve and a safety burst According to the invention, the tank membrane is provided with at least one inner casing intended for peroxide, the longitudinal axis of which coincides with the longitudinal axis of the outer casing or is located below it, placed in the outer casing with the formation of an interbody space between them, intended for diluting the peroxide or for its mixture with the aforementioned peroxide bonded to the outer casing by one side rigidly by means of an end skirt or fixed support, and the other movably by means of at least at least one lower support, providing the possibility of its movement relative to the outer case during temperature deformations, normal functioning equipment and safety and emergency equipment are installed on the inner case, while the first is additionally equipped with a peroxide drain and fill valve and an air-gas main valve, and the second emergency peroxide discharge pipe and pipes directing the flow of decomposable peroxide into the diluent after rupture of the membrane, the outer casing is equipped with equipment abnormal functioning, including a diluent discharge and filling device and a breathing valve, safety and emergency equipment, including at least one safety valve that automatically closes after air pressure and peroxide decomposition products are released from the interstitial space, a safety bursting membrane that ruptures during continuous or the newly begun decomposition of diluted peroxide, and pipes that divert the flow of diluted peroxide from the interstitial space along to rupture the membrane, means to prevent and calm the vibrations of the diluent during transportation, access hatches to the equipment of the inner case and the end mounting and service hatch, made with dimensions that exceed the dimensions of the inner case with its equipment, and the ratio of the internal volumes of the outer and inner cases to each other satisfies the following relation:

,

,

Where

V ₁ - the internal volume of the outer casing,

V ₂ - the internal volume of the inner case,

ψ ₁ - the maximum permissible degree of filling of the outer casing (specified by the regulatory document),

ψ ₂ - the maximum permissible degree of filling of the inner case (specified by the regulatory document),

ρ _{with the} density of the peroxide,

ρ _p is the density of the diluent,

k is the dilution coefficient equal to the ratio of the mass of diluent necessary to obtain a safe mixture to the mass of peroxide.

Moreover, in special cases, the execution of the container in accordance with the invention, its tank is equipped with two inner casings, with each of the casings equipped with normal functioning equipment and safety and emergency equipment; means for preventing and calming the vibrations of the diluent during transportation are made in the form of annular perforated partitions installed in the interbody space and longitudinal plates fixed to the said annular partitions; safety and emergency equipment of the outer case is located in a separate compartment with a lid; the outer casing of its tank is provided with thermal insulation and can additionally be equipped with pipelines located on its outer or inner surface for circulation of the coolant; an organic or inorganic peroxide is used as a peroxide, and water, an aqueous solution of a peroxide decomposition inhibitor, a hydrocarbon or ether are used as a diluent; if hydrogen peroxide is used as an inorganic peroxide, then distilled water, aqueous solutions of pyrophosphoric acid or tin-acid sodium or other substances that suppress the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide are used as a diluent.

Two or more consecutively located inner enclosures, which are independent containers, each of which is equipped with normal functioning equipment and emergency safety equipment, can be installed in the outer casing. The use of two or more inner casings allows you to prevent the spread of the decomposition reaction over the entire mass of the cargo, as well as to obtain a dilute solution of a lower concentration if the decomposition reaction takes place in one of the inner casings, which improves the safety of transportation and storage of peroxides, and also allows you to save the load containers in which it was not affected by the decomposition reaction.

Distinctive features of the prototype of the characteristics of the claimed tank container are the following:

a) the signs that ensure the receipt of a technical result in all cases to which the requested amount of legal protection applies:

- supplying the tank with at least one inner casing for peroxide;

- the coincidence of the longitudinal axis of the specified housing with the longitudinal axis of the outer shell or its location below the axis of the outer shell;

- placement of the inner case inside the outer one with the formation of an inter-shell space between them, intended for the diluent of said peroxide or for its mixture with it;

- fastening the inner casing to the outer one side rigidly by means of the end skirt or fixed support, and the other is movable by means of at least one lower support, providing the possibility of its movement relative to the outer casing during temperature deformations;

- installation of normal functioning equipment and safety and emergency equipment on the inner case;

- supplying the aforementioned equipment of normal functioning, installed on the inner case, additionally with a peroxide drain valve and an air-gas valve, designed to carry out a closed discharge valve;

- supplying the aforementioned safety and emergency equipment installed on the inner case with an emergency peroxide discharge pipe and pipes directing the flow of decomposable peroxide into the diluent after rupture of the membrane;

- supplying the outer casing with normal functioning equipment, including a diluent discharge and loading device and a breathing valve;

- supplying the outer casing with safety and emergency equipment, including at least one safety valve that automatically closes after overpressure has been released from the housing, a safety bursting membrane and pipes that divert the flow of diluted peroxide from the housing after the membrane ruptures;

- supplying the outer casing with means to prevent and calm the fluctuations of the diluent during transportation;

- supply of the outer casing with access hatches to the equipment of the inner casing;

- supply of the outer casing with an end mounting and service hatch made with dimensions exceeding the dimensions of the inner case with its equipment;

- the ratio of the internal volumes of the outer and inner bodies to each other, which satisfies the following ratio:

,

,

Where

V ₁ - the internal volume of the outer casing,

V ₂ - the internal volume of the inner case,

ψ ₁ - the maximum permissible degree of filling of the outer casing (specified by the regulatory document),

ψ ₂ - the maximum permissible degree of filling of the inner case (specified by the regulatory document),

ρ _{with the} density of the peroxide,

ρ _p is the density of the diluent,

k is the dilution coefficient equal to the ratio of the mass of diluent necessary to obtain a safe mixture to the mass of peroxide;

- supplying the tank with two inner casings, each of which is equipped with normal functioning equipment and safety and emergency equipment;

- the implementation of means to prevent and calm vibrations of the diluent during transportation in the form of annular perforated partitions installed in the interbody space and longitudinal plates fixed to the said partitions;

- placement of safety and emergency equipment of the outer case in a separate compartment with a lid;

- supplying the outer casing of the tank with thermal insulation;

- supplying the outer casing with additional pipelines for circulating the coolant located on its outer or inner surface;

- the use of organic or inorganic peroxide as a peroxide, and as a diluent, water, an aqueous solution of a decomposition reaction inhibitor, hydrocarbon or ether;

- the use of hydrogen peroxide as an inorganic peroxide, and distilled water, aqueous solutions of pyrophosphoric or tannic acid sodium or other substances that inhibit the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide as a diluent.

These distinctive features, individually and collectively, are aimed at achieving the stated result and are significant. In the prior art, the totality of the known and distinctive features presented in the claims is not known and, therefore, the invention meets the criterion of "novelty."

In contrast to the prototype, the claimed tank container provides the delivery of highly concentrated organic or inorganic peroxide as cargo and its safety during long-term storage. This was achieved due to the design features of the tank, allowing it to simultaneously place a strictly defined amount of highly concentrated peroxide and such a quantity of diluent that would be enough to reduce the peroxide concentration to harmless if it is ejected from the inner case.

The proposed design of the tank is characterized by a strict ratio of the internal volumes of its bodies, a strictly defined degree of their filling and a large arsenal of means of protection against ingress of peroxide into the environment.

The safety of transportation and storage of peroxide is ensured by protective measures provided separately for each tank body. The equipment is combined for its intended purpose (for normal operation, for operation in conditions of increased danger and emergency) and, in accordance with this, is placed in separate compartments with covers, due to which the emitted vapors, gases and liquids do not spread arbitrarily, but are removed by a directed flow.

An additional level of safety of transportation and storage of peroxide is achieved by using two or more inner casings, which helps to prevent the decomposition reaction from spreading over the entire mass of the cargo, as well as getting a diluted solution of a lower concentration if the decomposition reaction takes place in one of the inner casings. The use of two or more internal cases also allows you to save the load in containers in which it was not affected by the decomposition reaction.

The tank shells are made of materials chemically inert with respect to the transported peroxide, while the outer shell is made of non-combustible material having strength and resistance to transport loads.

All of the above ensures the operational reliability of the claimed tank container and the safety of transportation and storage of substances in it that can spontaneously decompose explosively.

The invention is illustrated by the description of a specific, but not limiting example of implementation and the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 presents the claimed container tank, a General view, figure 2 is a section aa of figure 1, figure 3 is a section bB of figure 1, figure 4 is a container tank with a tank, having two inner cases (embodiment of the invention).

The tank container for transporting and storing hydrogen peroxide contains a horizontal cylindrical tank 1 and two rectangular end frames 2 with load gripping fittings 3, fastened to the tank 1 by means of shells 4 (1, 2, 3).

The tank 1 consists of two horizontal cylindrical shells: an outer shell 5 with an inner volume V ₁ and a longitudinal axis O ₁ and an inner shell 6 with an inner volume V ₂ and a longitudinal axis O ₂ intended for transporting hydrogen peroxide.

In this example, the housings 5 and 6 are placed relative to each other coaxially with the formation of an inter-shell space 7 between them, intended for a hydrogen peroxide diluent (distilled water, aqueous solutions of pyrophosphoric acid, tin-acid sodium or other substances that inhibit the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide), and in case of emergency - for their mixture. A variant of the mismatch of the longitudinal axes O ₁ and O _{2 of the} bodies 5 and 6, respectively, with the location of the axis O ₂ below the axis O ₁ .

The internal volume V _{1 of the} outer casing 5 is determined by the dimensions and weight of the container, set, for example, by international standards for tank containers.

The dimensions of the inner housing 6 are identified after determining its internal volume V ₂ according to the above formula.

If the number of internal buildings is more than one, then the volume V _{2 is} considered as the total internal volume of all internal buildings and, after determination, is divided by the number of buildings.

The housing 6 is fixed in the housing 5 by means of the end skirt 8 and the support 9. The skirt 8 is rigidly fixed on one side to the housing 6, the other on the bottom 10 of the housing 5. The support 9 is fixed so that longitudinal movements of the housing 6 are allowed with respect to it under thermal deformations.

On the cover 11 of the hatch 12 of the housing 6, normal functioning equipment is installed, including a discharge and loading device 13 with a drain pipe 14, a breathing valve 15 for discharging gaseous decomposition products into the interbody 7, an air-gas line valve 16 for supplying or discharging air or other gas when filling or emptying the inner casing 6, as well as a sensor 18 of the device 18 for measuring the level and temperature of the load, installed in a separate compartment 17. In the compartment 19 with the lid 20 on the same housing 6, safety and emergency equipment is installed, including a safety bursting membrane 21, a pipe 22 for emergency discharge of hydrogen peroxide and a pipe 23, directing the flow of peroxide into the diluent after rupture of the membrane 21.

On the housing 5 in compartment 24, equipment is installed that ensures both normal functioning of the container and its emergency operation, including a breathing valve 25 (Fig. 3) for discharging gaseous decomposition products of hydrogen peroxide (oxygen and water vapor) from the space between the buildings 5 and 6 into the atmosphere, at least one safety valve 26 for venting air and gaseous products of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide from the housing during emergency release of peroxide from the inner casing 6, fuse Tel'nykh frangible membrane 27 and the pipe 28, receding content space 7 between the housings 5 and 6, if the decomposition reaction does not stop after mixing the contents of the inner housing 6 with the diluent or if for any reasons it will in the dilute peroxide. In the lower part of the bottom 10 of the outer casing 5 there is a device 29 for draining and filling of a diluent or for draining a mixture of peroxide with a diluent formed after an emergency discharge into the interbody space 7 of the contents of the inner casing 6.

The outer casing 5 is equipped with access hatches for the equipment of the inner casing 6, namely: an access hatch 30 to the device 13 and valves 15 and 16, an access hatch 31 to the sensor 18, and an access hatch 32 to the membrane 21.

The outer casing 5 is equipped with an end mounting and service hatch 33, providing access to the inner casing 6 during installation and maintenance work, as well as the possibility of removing the inner casing 6 for repair work. In connection with the latter, the hatch 33 has dimensions that exceed the dimensions of the housing 6.

To prevent and calm water vibrations during transportation, annular perforated partitions 34 and longitudinal plates 35 (FIGS. 2, 3) mounted on partitions 34 are mounted in the casing 5. Peroxides and gaseous decomposition products diluted to a safe level, discharged through pipe 27, are received in special collectors or in the environment through the hole 36 (figure 3).

The outer case 5 may have, if necessary, thermal insulation from the outside (not shown), as well as pipelines for circulation of the coolant (not shown) located on its outer or inner surface, providing the necessary temperature regime of the transported peroxide and preventing freezing of the diluent during transportation under low conditions temperatures.

Cases 5 and 6 are made of materials compatible with hydrogen peroxide, on the one hand, and durable, withstanding transport overloads. The inner case 6 is made of aluminum alloy, the outer case 5 is made of stainless steel.

Figure 4 presents the container tank with an outer casing 5 and two inner casings 6, equipped with similar equipment.

The work of the tank container.

The loading of the inner case 6 of the tank 1 with hydrogen peroxide is carried out with the manhole cover 30 open through the discharge and loading device 13. The case 6 is loaded to the specified degree of filling. The degree of filling and the temperature of the cargo are monitored using the sensor 18. The air contained inside the housing 6 is displaced through the valve of the gas-air line 16.

The intercavity space 7 is loaded with diluent (distilled water) through hatches 30 or 32 also to a predetermined level. During normal operation of the container, the pressure of the decomposition products of hydrogen peroxide (oxygen and water vapor) in the housing 6 and in the housing 7 is released through the corresponding breathing valves 15 and 25.

Unloading from the inner case 6 of accident-free cargo is carried out through the device 13 through the drain pipe 14 by gravity, pumping out by pump or crushing. When unloading by gravity or pumping out the cargo with a pump, air inside the casing 6 is supplied through the open valve 16. During unloading by pressing through the valve 16, air or inert gas (nitrogen) pressure is supplied.

In the event of an emergency decomposition of hydrogen peroxide inside the housing 6, the pressure rises to a level exceeding the maximum permissible for the safety membrane 21. The liquid phase of the cargo under pressure of the gas-vapor phase breaks the membrane 21 and enters the compartment 19 through the pipe 22, and from there through the pipes 23 - into the inter-chamber space 7, where it is mixed with a diluent (distilled water) to a safe concentration, while the emergency process of decomposition of peroxide is terminated. When filling the inter-case space 7 with a mixture of peroxide with diluent, the air contained in it is forced out through the safety valve 26. The container with the inter-case filled with diluted peroxide 7 is transported to the end point or to the nearest discharge point, where the diluted peroxide is drained through the device 29 with the hatch 30 or 32 open .

In the case when the decomposition process does not stop either in the inner casing 6 or in the interbody space 7, the peroxide diluted to a safe concentration after rupture of the membrane 27 is discharged through pipes 28 through the opening 36 to special collectors or to the environment.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The tank container of the claimed design is manufactured in an industrial environment using standard equipment.

Claims (8)

1. A container tank for transporting and storing peroxide, comprising two rectangular end frames with load gripping fittings, a horizontal cylindrical tank fastened to the said frames with an outer casing having a longitudinal axis, normal functioning equipment, including a discharge and loading device, a breathing valve, devices for level and temperature measurements, and safety and emergency equipment, including a safety valve and a safety bursting disc, characterized in that the tank is provided with at least one inner housing intended for peroxide, the longitudinal axis of which coincides with the longitudinal axis of the outer housing or is located below it, placed in the outer housing with the formation of the interbody space between them, intended for peroxide diluent or for a diluent mixture with peroxide fastened to the outer casing by one side rigidly by means of an end skirt or a fixed support, and the other movably by means of at least one lower support, provide the possibility of its movement relative to the outer casing during temperature deformations, normal functioning equipment and safety and emergency equipment are installed on the inner casing, the first one additionally equipped with a peroxide drain valve and air-gas line valve, and the second with an emergency peroxide discharge pipe and pipes, directing the flow of decomposable peroxide into the diluent after rupture of the membrane, the outer casing is equipped with normal functioning equipment, including a diluent discharge and loading device and a breathing valve, safety and emergency equipment, including at least one pressure relief valve, a bursting safety membrane and pipes that divert the diluted peroxide flow from the housing after the membrane ruptures, by means of preventing and calming the diluent vibrations during transportation , hatches of access to the equipment of the inner case and end mounting and service hatch made with dimensions exceeding the dimensions of the inner case mustache with its equipment, and the ratio of the internal volumes of the outer and inner bodies to each other satisfies the following ratio:

, where V ₁ is the internal volume of the outer casing, V ₂ - the internal volume of the inner case, ψ ₁ - the maximum allowable, specified by regulatory documents for each cargo, the degree of filling of the outer casing, ψ ₂ - the maximum allowable, specified by regulatory documents for each cargo, the degree of filling of the inner case, ρ _{with the} density of the peroxide, ρ _p is the density of the diluent, k is the dilution coefficient equal to the ratio of the mass of diluent necessary to obtain a safe mixture to the mass of peroxide. 2. The tank container according to claim 1, characterized in that its tank is provided with two inner casings, each housing being equipped with normal functioning equipment and safety and emergency equipment. 3. The tank container according to claim 1, characterized in that the means of preventing and calming the vibrations of the diluent during transportation are made in the form of annular perforated partitions installed in the interbody space and longitudinal plates fixed to the said partitions. 4. The tank container according to claim 1, characterized in that the safety and emergency equipment of the outer casing is located in a separate compartment with a lid. 5. The tank container according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer casing of its tank is provided with thermal insulation. 6. The tank container according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer casing of its tank is additionally provided with pipelines for circulating the coolant located on its outer or inner surface. 7. The tank container according to claim 1, characterized in that an organic or inorganic peroxide is used as a peroxide, and water, an aqueous solution of a peroxide decomposition reaction inhibitor, a hydrocarbon or ether are used as a diluent. 8. The tank container according to claim 7, characterized in that hydrogen peroxide is used as an inorganic peroxide, and distilled water, aqueous solutions of pyrophosphoric acid or tin-acid sodium or other substances that inhibit the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide are used as a diluent.

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