RU2311639C1 - Method for detecting the level of computed radiation impact upon dental state - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, diagnostics.

SUBSTANCE: the present innovation deals with the ways of predicting the impact of videodisplay terminal upon the state of oral cavity, particularly, dental state, that is the way for detecting the level of computed radiation impact upon dental state. According to the suggested method, one should study the picture of human salivary microcrystallization (SMC) associated with a patient's work with a computer, according to this picture it is necessary to determine the level of computed radiation impact upon a patient's dental state. One should isolate 5 types of SMC which illustrate different level of computed radiation impact upon dental state. The declared innovation provides earlier diagnostics of dental diseases and enables to detect the predisposition to these diseases.

EFFECT: higher accuracy of detection.

1 cl, 9 dwg, 1 ex, 5 tbl

Description

The invention relates to medicine, to methods for diagnosing the effect of radiation from a computer video display terminal on the condition of the oral cavity, in particular on the condition of the teeth.

One of the negative factors acting on the human body is electromagnetic radiation. Man has always lived in an environment where electromagnetic waves of various frequencies are constantly present. Over the past 50 years, the daily power of radio emissions has increased in total more than 50 thousand times, so we are all directly or indirectly affected by electromagnetic radiation. This is especially true, since in the everyday life and work of a modern person, a computer occupies an important place. A feature of working on a personal computer is that the user is in close proximity to the monitor, which increases the intensity of exposure to said radiation.

The known method based on a comprehensive survey of users of a personal computer, including the determination of more than 15 indicators characterizing the functional state of the body, as well as measuring more than 2 dozen physical parameters characterizing the working conditions in the room (V. R. Kuchma. Hygiene of children and adolescents when working with computer video display terminals. M.: Medicine, 2000). The disadvantage of this method of identifying the individual sensitivity of an organism to working conditions on a personal computer is its high complexity and, as a result, the high cost of the examination.

Also known is a method for diagnosing an organism’s reaction to radiation of a computer video display terminal (RF patent 2238560, IPC G01N 33/48), the result of which is to increase the efficiency of the diagnostic method by simplifying and reducing the cost of detecting the body’s reaction to radiation from a computer video display terminal. In this method, the concentration of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids in saliva is determined immediately before work on the computer and 30 minutes after the start of work on the computer to detect the body's reaction to the radiation of a computer video display terminal in a person being examined. With an increase in the concentration of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids in the saliva of the examined person after working on a computer, if it does not exceed the limits of the physiological norm, a conclusion is drawn about the normal reaction of the body to radiation from the video display terminal, and in the case of a decrease in the concentration of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids in saliva, a conclusion is drawn about a deviation from the norm body reactions to radiation from a video display terminal.

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of assessing the condition of the oral cavity and teeth, in particular, the duration and the complexity of the proposed method for determining the concentration of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids in saliva, requiring special equipment and reagents, the need for qualified chemists to analyze.

The condition of the organs of the oral cavity to a large extent depends on the composition and properties of the surrounding fluid, namely mixed saliva. Saliva plays a crucial role in maintaining the physiological balance of the processes of mineralization and demineralization in tooth enamel. In the oral cavity, saliva is present as a thin film of liquid on various surfaces. It is known that diseases of the oral cavity arise due to imbalance in the system of “tooth enamel - saliva” under the influence of adverse factors. It is the oral cavity and mixed saliva, in particular, that is primarily affected by computer radiation. Therefore, changes in the composition and properties of the oral fluid (mixed saliva) can have a significant effect on the physicochemical processes occurring in tooth enamel, and in some cases on the occurrence of pathological changes in it.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed method is a method for studying the effect of ionizing radiation on the condition of teeth, in which they analyze the effect of ionizing radiation on the state of hard tissues of teeth using infrared spectroscopy [Bebeshko V.H. et al. "The state of the dental hard tissues in persons under the influence of ionizing radiation (based on the data from infrared spectroscopy), Lik. Sprava, 04-06, 2000, (21-25). P.21-25].

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of using a tooth as an object, the need for expensive equipment and qualified specialists for analysis by infrared spectroscopy.

The objective of the invention is the development of a method for determining the level of exposure to computer electromagnetic radiation on a person and the condition of the oral cavity, providing the possibility of early diagnosis of dental diseases and identifying a predisposition to these diseases, which does not require expensive equipment and additional personnel for diagnostics.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method for determining the level of impact of computer radiation on the condition of teeth, human saliva associated with working on a computer is collected, applied to chemically clean glass, dried in an thermostat at 37 ° C for 30-40 minutes, then the microcrystallization pattern is examined saliva (ISS), the nature of which determines the level of exposure to computer radiation on the condition of the teeth of the subject, while in the presence of a picture of large elongated crystal-prismatic structures coming from tra droplet to the periphery, fused together and having a tree structure or pteridophytes, determined by a computer absence of radiation, high resistance to dental caries - a control group, 5 points; in the presence of a pattern of large elongated crystal-prismatic structures fused together in an arbitrary order, the initial level of exposure to computer radiation is determined — type 1 of the ISS, 4 points; in the presence of a pattern with individual star-shaped crystals with enlarged tree crystals preserved on the periphery, the average level of exposure to computer radiation and the satisfactory state of the oral cavity are determined — type 2 of the ISS, 3 points; in the presence of a pattern with individual crystals in the form of a rod or twig located throughout the field, determine the level of exposure to computer radiation on the condition of the teeth above average and the low level of resistance of teeth to caries - type 3 ISS, 2 points; in the presence of a large number of isometrically located crystalline structures of star, round and irregular shape over the entire area of the drop, a high level of the influence of computer radiation on the condition of the teeth, multiple caries and destruction of enamel is judged - type 4 ISS, 1 point; and in the complete absence of crystals in the field of view, a very high level of exposure to computer radiation on the condition of the teeth, multiple caries, destruction of enamel is judged - type 5 ISS, 0 points. Moreover, to determine the diagnostic types of the ISS, two groups of subjects are selected: the first group - people working on a computer who do not have gastrointestinal diseases; the second group - practically healthy people who do not have diseases of the oral cavity and periodontium.

The method is illustrated by photographs:

Figure 1 - type of ISS control group (5 points) - there is no exposure to computer radiation, a high level of tooth resistance to caries;

Figure 2 - type 1 of the ISS (4 points) - the initial level of exposure to computer radiation, the average level of resistance of the teeth to caries;

Figure 3 - type 2 of the ISS (3 points) - the average level of exposure to computer radiation and a satisfactory condition of the oral cavity;

Figure 4 - type 3 of the ISS (2 points) - the level of exposure to computer radiation is above average and the low level of resistance of teeth to caries;

Figure 5 - type 4 of the ISS (1 point) - high level of exposure, poor condition of the oral cavity (multiple caries of teeth, destruction of enamel);

Figure 6 - type 5 of the ISS (0 points) - a very high level of exposure, poor oral health (multiple tooth decay, enamel destruction);

Figure 7 - ISS in test tube No. 3, placed in the body of the computer system unit;

Figure 8 - ISS in vitro No. 4 at the Pentium VI user workstation;

Figure 9 - the ISS in vitro No. 5 at the workplace of the user of the computer model 486.

The method is as follows.

To determine the effect of computer radiation on saliva (the possibility of using the ISS as a diagnostic parameter), the following studies were conducted. The study material was saliva of caries-resistant individuals aged (18-21 g.). In the experiment, saliva was divided into 5 servings. The first portion served for the background indicators of saliva. The second portion was left at room temperature to exclude the influence of time and temperature on the composition of saliva. The third, fourth and fifth servings of saliva were placed in closed tubes in different places of the computer for 7 hours (Table 1). Then the samples were dried and the type of ISS was determined.

Table 1
Computer specifications and sample locations Tube number Test tube location Computer Device Feature 3 Inside the system unit of a modern computer (Pentium VI) Release date - 2002. The processor frequency is 2 GHz. Frequency on the computer bus 400 MHz four Computer user's workstation (Pentium VI) Release date - 2002. The processor frequency is 2 GHz. Frequency on the computer bus 400 MHz 5 The workplace of the user computer model 486. The system unit is located 95 cm from the operator Release date - 1999. Processor frequency 66 MHz. Frequency on the computer bus 33 MHz

In portions of saliva located in different places of computers, there is a significant destruction of crystalline structures compared to the initial portion of saliva (Fig. 1) (see Figs. 7, 8, 9). In portions of saliva left at room temperature for 7 hours, there were no significant differences with the initial portion. Thus, it has been reliably proved that computer radiation, when exposed even for 7 hours, greatly changes the microcrystallization pattern of saliva and, therefore, this biological fluid can be used for diagnostic purposes.

In a further study, two groups of people were identified:

1) group 1 - people whose professional activity was related to working on a personal computer. Work experience in the specialty ranged from five to ten years, the average length of time spent at the monitor screen was eight hours a day or more, while people regularly consult a dentist with a diagnosis of multiple dental caries. We studied the saliva of 80 people (63.0%) without gastrointestinal diseases that could affect the results of microcrystallization of saliva, because it is known that gastrointestinal diseases are also determined by the type of ISS (see RF patent No. 2199743, IPC G01N 33/48 and RF patent No. 2128335, IPC G01N 33/48).

The results of the clinical examination revealed violations of the state of hard tissues of teeth of carious and non-carious origin. So, in 40 examined individuals a vertical and mixed form of enamel abrasion was revealed. Enamel erosion was diagnosed in 15 patients, enamel hyperesthesia in 19 patients, wedge-shaped defects in eight patients. Foci of demineralization of the teeth were determined in 13 people. The KPU index (caries + fillings + extracted teeth) in the group of examined individuals averaged 11.2. The so-called "computer necrosis" of enamel was detected in two patients. The time of their professional activity at the computer averaged ten hours a day for nine years in the presence of several radiation sources. Catarrhal gingivitis was detected in 21 people, hypertrophic gingivitis in four people, atrophic in 11 patients. Generalized mild periodontitis was found in two patients, moderate in one patient.

table 2
The number of cases of non-carious lesions of hard tissues of teeth depending on the age of patients with computer load Age group Number of patients Erosion Increased abrasion Hyperesthesis III (16-35 years old) 69 (100%) 22 (31.9%) 13 (18.8%) 26 (37.7%) IV (36-65 years old) 10 (100%) 4 (40%) 4 (40%) 6 (60%)

2) the control group - 47 people (27.0%). The group of persons resistant to diseases, taken as a comparison, was composed of people with the same somatic status of “practically healthy,” as well as those without periodontal and oral mucosa diseases.

As a biological fluid, human saliva is used, before the sampling of which the examinee rinses the oral cavity with boiled water. Saliva is collected in chemically pure tubes in an amount of 1-2 ml. Saliva from the test tube is applied to chemically pure glass (3 drops), the glass is placed in a thermostat (temperature 37 ° C) for 30-40 minutes. Then the samples are examined in a stereoscopic microscope MBI-1 with a magnification of 2 × 6, microphotography is carried out on a digital camera.

To determine the type of microcrystallization of saliva, methods of P. Leus were used. [Leus P.A. Clinical and experimental study of pathogenesis, petogenetic conservative therapy and prevention of dental caries. Abstract dis. Dr. med. sciences. - M., 1977], Puzikova O.Yu. [Puzikova O.Yu. Predicting the development of dental caries, taking into account integrated indicators and mathematical modeling. Candidate dissertation. honey. Sciences: / OmGMA. - Omsk, 1999].

When viewing the formed crystalline structures under a small magnification of the microscope, it was found that the crystalline pattern is uneven and uneven in different parts (zones) of the dried drop. In the preparation, three zones can be distinguished: central, intermediate and peripheral. The most “favorable” growth is in the center of the droplet: typical dendritic crystals form in the form of a “fern”, which grow not only along the plane, but also in volume. A plot with fern structures can be considered a free growth zone. Therefore, the morphology of the crystallogram can be estimated only at the center of crystallization. And crystals formed on the periphery must be classified as “abnormal” (wrong), since they formed under non-optimal conditions.

The results of microcrystallization of the oral fluid of caries-resistant individuals are characterized by a clear pattern of large elongated crystal-prismatic structures coming from the center of the droplet, fused together and having a tree-like or fern-like shape (the picture corresponds to 5 points, Fig. 1). When evaluating the results of microcrystallization of the oral fluid of persons working with electromagnetic radiation, a clear crystal structure is destroyed. The following types are revealed: a pattern of large elongated crystal-prismatic structures fused together in an arbitrary order (4 points, figure 2); in the center of the droplet, individual star-shaped crystals are visible, enlarged tree crystals are preserved along the periphery (3 points, Fig. 3); individual crystals in the form of a rod or twigs located throughout the field (2 points, figure 4); over the entire area of the drop, a large number of isometrically located crystalline structures, star-shaped, round and irregular in shape (1 point, figure 5); the complete absence of crystals in the field of view (0 points, Fig.6).

In the group of people working at the computer that we studied, the ISS types 0-4 were observed (Table 3), with 0-2 types prevailing, which indicates a violation of the structural and mineralizing properties of saliva and a decrease in the level of tooth resistance to caries.

Table 3
ISS type determination results ISS type, point Number of persons Group 1 Control group 0 14 (17.5%) 0 one 15 (18.6%) 0 2 28 (35.0%) 1 (2.1%) 3 14 (17.5%) 4 (8.5%) four 9 (11.3%) 15 (31.9%) 5 0 27 (57.4%)

The prevalence of caries among residents of Omsk is 98%. The results of a study of the intensity of dental caries depending on the age and length of service on a personal computer are given in Tables 4, 5.

Table 4
Intensity of dental caries in patients with computer load depending on age Age group Number of patients CPU III (16-35 years old) 63 11.6 IV (36-65 years old) 10 18.2

Table 5
The intensity of dental caries depending on the length of work at the computer Work experience Number of patients CPU 2-3 years 17 (24.3%) 7.2 4 years 16 (22.9%) 9.1 5-6 years 11 (15.7%) 11.5 7-9 years old 9 (12.9%) 14.0 10 and more years 17 (24.3%) 13,2

Thus, the prevalence and intensity of caries increases with age and experience on PC. I degree of caries activity (KPU <9) was detected only in one group of patients with 2-3 years of experience, III degree of caries activity is characteristic for the IV age group (KPU> 16). The remaining groups are characterized by an average level of tooth resistance to caries.

The explanation of the relationship between electromagnetic fields and diseases is based on the fact that all the biochemical processes in the cells, one way or another, depend on the electrochemical properties of the molecules and ions involved in them. However, more precise mechanisms for this relationship have not been elucidated. A number of authors claim that electromagnetic radiation leads to necrosis of the hard tissues of the teeth. This condition is referred to as “computer necrosis of the teeth” [Yu.A. Fedorov, V. A. Drozhzhina Clinic, diagnosis and treatment of non-carious lesions of the teeth // Scientific and Practical Journal "New in Dentistry". - 1997. - No. 10. - S.90-110]. The authors attribute the defeat of the hard tissues of the teeth both to the direct effect of radiation, and to a violation of the mineral and protein metabolism in the body, and a change in the composition of saliva and the functional state of physiological systems. So, even a weak effect of radiation on body tissues leads to ionization of individual molecules and atoms, forming new ones, including such reactive ones as free radicals, peroxide compounds, and others. The latter, reacting with each other and with other tissue molecules, cause a violation of the functions of cells, biochemical processes in them, up to the death of individual cells.

Thus, the claimed method allows for the early diagnosis of dental diseases and to identify a predisposition to these diseases.

Claims (2)

1. The method of determining the level of exposure of computer radiation to the condition of the teeth, characterized in that the saliva of a person associated with work on a computer is collected, applied to chemically clean glass, dried in an thermostat at 37 ° C for 30-40 minutes, then the pattern of saliva microcrystallization is examined (ISS), the nature of which determines the level of influence of computer radiation on the condition of the teeth of the subject, while in the presence of a picture of large elongated crystal-prismatic structures extending from the center of the droplet to the periphery, fused to a forward and having a tree structure or pteridophytes, determined by a computer absence of radiation, high resistance to dental caries - a control group, 5 points; in the presence of a pattern of large elongated crystal-prismatic structures fused together in an arbitrary order, the initial level of exposure to computer radiation is determined — type 1 of the ISS, 4 points; in the presence of a pattern with individual star-shaped crystals with enlarged tree crystals preserved on the periphery, the average level of exposure to computer radiation and the satisfactory state of the oral cavity are determined — type 2 of the ISS, 3 points; in the presence of a pattern with individual crystals in the form of a rod or twig located throughout the field, determine the level of exposure to computer radiation on the condition of the teeth above average and the low level of resistance of teeth to caries - type 3 ISS, 2 points; in the presence of a large number of isometrically located crystalline structures of star, round and irregular shape over the entire area of the drop, a high level of the influence of computer radiation on the condition of the teeth, multiple caries and destruction of enamel is judged - type 4 ISS, 1 point; and in the complete absence of crystals in the field of view, a very high level of exposure to computer radiation on the condition of the teeth, multiple caries, destruction of enamel is judged - type 5 ISS, 0 points. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to determine the diagnostic types of the ISS, two groups of subjects are selected: the first group - people working on a computer who do not have gastrointestinal diseases; the second group - practically healthy people who do not have diseases of the oral cavity and periodontium.

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