RU2310044C2 - Working attachment for hydraulic single-bucket excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining and building, particularly to extend field of excavator application for ground and mineral excavation at high depth and increased pit height.

SUBSTANCE: working attachment of front or backhoe excavator includes bent one-piece beam and telescopic arm pivotally connected thereto. The telescopic arm comprises holder, as well as main and extendable parts with rotary bucket connected to distal extendable part end. Working attachment comprises hydraulic jack for beam, arm and bucket rotation, as well as hydraulic jack for arm part extending and rotation. Main and extendable arm parts arranged inside holder are made as tubular structures to be inserted one into another. Rotation mechanism has drive made as rack jack. Main and extendable arm parts are connected with each other through spline connection along the full extension length so that front or backhoe excavator position may be fixed by means of drive or rotation mechanism. Lug for hinged bucket rotation jack connection with extendable arm part may slide in longitudinal groove created in main arm part and extending for the full extension length. Cylinder of telescopic arm extension jack is connected with upper inner holder surface by means of single hinge. Rod of telescopic arm extension jack piston is fastened to lower inner surface of extendable arm part by means of ball hinge to prevent telescopic arm extension jack piston rotation as main and extendable arm parts rotate through 180° during working equipment type changing.

EFFECT: increased depth of trench and pits to be formed with the use of the excavator, as well as possibility to excavate benches having different heights along with decreased assembling-disassembling works for equipment change.

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Description

The invention relates to mining and construction. Designed to expand the scope of hydraulic single-bucket excavators when digging the increased depth and height of pits, excavations, trenches, construction of the mouths of mine shafts and in the development of minerals in an open way. Moreover, the proposed working equipment can be used for work on soils and for unloading rocks destroyed by drilling and blasting.

Hydraulic single-bucket excavators equipped with the proposed working equipment can be used for excavation and loading both below and above the level of the supporting surface with varying depth and height, i.e. with working equipment, forward and backward shovels with minimal additional installation and dismantling work.

Known designs of working equipment odnokovshovyh hydraulic excavators with direct and reverse shovels on "Mining machines and complexes." Grabchak L.G. et al. M: Nedra, 1990, p. 313; "Machines for earthworks." / Ed. Garkavi I.G. M .: "Higher School", 1982, p.132; Halperin M.I., Dombrovsky N.G. "Construction Machines", M .: "Higher School"; 1980, p. 212; Berkman I.L., Raneev A.V., Reish A.K. "Universal single-bucket construction excavators", Moscow: Higher School, 1981, pp. 99-101.

The boom of the working equipment of both straight and back shovels is made of a curved design with different angles between the longitudinal axes of the straight and elongating (curved) parts. At the same time, the arrows can be either monoblock or consisting of two parts: the main (root) and the extending (end), rigidly interconnected. The handle is usually straight monoblock construction. The bucket at the end of the handle can be fixed rigidly or be rotatable.

The disadvantages include the following: usually each type of hydraulic bucket excavator equipped with a direct or reverse shovel is capable of excavating the rock mass (including soil) to a strictly defined depth or height, which are determined by the geometric dimensions of the boom and stick; the transition of the excavator from one type of working equipment to the opposite requires a significant duration and complexity of installation and dismantling.

Known working equipment of a hydraulic bucket excavator according to RU 209117 U1, which is a backhoe for excavation and rock mass below the parking level of the excavator. The equipment under consideration consists of a monoblock boom and a telescopically extendable handle pivotally mounted on it with a bucket mounted on the lower end of the telescopically extendable part of the handle.

The main disadvantage of the working equipment under consideration is that its handle has a relatively small telescopic extension, since the sliding hydraulic jack mounted inside the handle is located between the inner upper surface of the outer and upper inner end of the telescopically sliding part.

The second disadvantage is that when the excavator is working, the loads when introducing the bucket from bending and torque are perceived by supporting guide rollers with small contact areas and large loads on their axis. As a result, this pairing is not sufficiently reliable in the harsh conditions of the excavator.

It is also known working equipment direct or reverse shovels according to RU 2236510 C1, which has a monoblock curved arrow and a rotary handle with a bucket. The handle of the equipment in question consists of a bracket pivotally mounted on an arrow and having a rotation mechanism, and a tubular rotary part with a rotary bucket mounted on its lower end. The working equipment can make excavation of soils and rock mass both below the excavator’s parking level and above by switching from a back to a straight shovel with low costs for moving the hydraulic jack to rotate the handle.

The equipment under consideration is intended for excavation of soil and rock mass to a depth and height, limited by the design parameters of the boom and stick, and cannot be used to form excavations and ledges of increased depth and height.

The closest in design and purpose is the working equipment, known by A. with. USSR No. 759658, E02F 3/38 "Working equipment of a hydraulic excavator" and consisting of an arrow and a telescopically extendable handle with a bucket. The joint between the inner telescopically extendable part and the outer one is made in the form of a flange with balls and screw grooves on the outer surface of the inner telescopically extendable part. The equipment is designed to work as a direct and return shovel with the ability to change the height and depth of digging.

The equipment in question has a number of disadvantages that make it unsuitable for practical use.

These include:

- the working equipment of all types of excavators when excavating rock from the face is exposed to severe clogging with dust and small particles of rock. The helical grooves will become clogged during operation and careful maintenance of their condition is required. Such a connection will wear out quickly;

- slight telescopic extension, due to the fact that the telescopic sliding jack is placed between the upper inner surface of the outer and upper surface of the inner telescopically sliding parts of the handle;

- the dimensions along the length of the handle of any type of hydraulic single-bucket excavators are always consistent with the overall linear length of the boom of the working equipment, since when lifting the working equipment from the foundation pit or trench, the handle with the bucket should fit into the dimensions of the boom with the possibility of further rotation of the excavator. In the equipment under consideration, this cannot be performed, since reducing the length of the telescopic handle will lead to the rotation of the internal part together with the bucket and its premature unloading directly into the face. The same disadvantage will be observed when working with a direct shovel with unloading in a vehicle;

- when a bucket is introduced into the soil or rock mass along the length of its cutting edge, various in magnitude of resistance arise. As a result of the increased resistance, the bucket together with the telescopically sliding part, the rod and the piston of the telescopic sliding hydraulic jack, due to the lack of a stopper, will turn at some angle and the bucket will be introduced into the face not only with the front (cutting) part, but also with the side surface, which will lead to a significant increase in resistance;

- when a bucket is introduced into the face with a telescopically extended handle, a significant bending moment acts on the interface between the outer and inner telescopically sliding parts, which will be perceived by the point contacts of the balls with sockets and screw grooves. These contact points are located in one plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. At the contact points, stresses arise that significantly exceed elastic deformations and pass into plastic ones. The result is a malfunction (breakdown) of the interface.

Based on the foregoing, there is a need to develop a workable structural scheme for universal working equipment for straight and back shovels with the possibility of obtaining deeper excavations, trenches and pits, as well as excavation work in ledges with variable height with a minimum amount of installation and dismantling work when moving from one type of working equipment to another.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a universal working equipment for the direct and reverse shovels of hydraulic single-bucket excavators for digging pits, trenches, excavations for various purposes and opencast mining. Developed working equipment should provide excavation and mining to a greater depth and depth of digging compared to conventional with high reliability.

According to the invention, the task is achieved in that the working equipment of the direct or return shovels of hydraulic single-bucket excavators, including a curved monoblock boom, a telescopically extendable handle pivotally connected to it, consisting of a bracket, a main and telescopically extendable part with a rotary bucket mounted on the outer end; hydraulic jacks for rotating the boom, stick and bucket, as well as a telescopic sliding hydraulic jack and a turning mechanism for the main and telescopically sliding parts of the handle. At the same time, the main part of the handle located inside the bracket is made in the form of a tubular structure. The proposed working equipment is characterized in that the telescopically sliding part of the handle is made tubular, the rotation mechanism is made with a drive in the form of a rack hydraulic jack, and the main and telescopically sliding parts of the handle along the entire length of the telescopic slide are connected by a spline connection with fixing the position of the forward or back shovel by means of a drive handle rotation mechanism. At the same time, an eye for swiveling the hydraulic jack of the bucket rotation with the telescopically extendable part of the handle is mounted with the possibility of movement in the longitudinal groove made in the main part of the handle for the length of the telescopic extension. The cylinder of the telescopic sliding jack of the handle is connected to the upper inner surface of the bracket by a single hinge, and the piston rod of the hydraulic jack of the sliding is connected to the lower inner surface of the telescopically sliding part of the handle by the ball joint, which prevents the piston of the hydraulic jack of the telescopic sliding of the handle from turning the main and telescopically sliding parts of the handle 180 ° in the process of changing the type of working equipment.

Significant differences are:

1. The working equipment of the forward and reverse shovels of hydraulic single-bucket excavators, including a curved monoblock boom and a telescopically extendable handle pivotally connected to it with a rotary bucket mounted on its outer end, hydraulic jacks for turning the boom, handle, bucket and telescopic slide have a handle consisting of a bracket, the main and telescopically retractable parts made in the form of tubular structures that enter one another. All three parts of the handle are interconnected by a kinematic connection by means of a rotation mechanism driven by a rack and pinion hydraulic jack of the main and telescopically sliding parts at an angle of 180 °; a telescopic sliding jack placed inside the telescopically sliding part and providing maximum telescopicity; spline or keyway connection between the main and telescopically sliding parts, providing continuous contact along the length of the slide. Fixing the position of the forward or reverse shovels is carried out by the drive of the rotary mechanism of the handle.

2. The rotation of the bucket mounted on the outer end of the telescopically extendable part of the handle is carried out by means of a hydraulic jack of the bucket pivotally mounted on the outside of the telescopically extendable part. At the same time, the eye of the hydraulic jack hinge has the ability to move in the longitudinal groove of the main part of the handle by the length of the telescopic extension.

3. The telescopic sliding jack of the handle is connected with its cylinder by a single (simple) hinge to the upper inner surface of the handle bracket, and the rod is connected to the lower inner surface of the telescopically sliding part by means of a ball joint, which makes it possible to prevent the piston of the sliding jack from turning when the main and telescopically sliding parts of the handle are turned the transition of one type of working equipment to another.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1. General constructive scheme of working equipment for forward or backward shovels with telescopically sliding handle of hydraulic single bucket excavators.

Figure 2. Kinematic diagrams of the rotary mechanism and telescopic extension of the handle.

Figure 3. Cross section of the tubular part of the handle.

Figure 1 presents the General structural diagram of the working equipment of direct or reverse shovels with a telescopically sliding handle of hydraulic bucket excavators. It consists of a monoblock curved boom 1, at the upper end of which a pivoting telescopic sliding handle 2 is pivotally mounted, including a bracket 3, a main 4 and a telescopically sliding 5 parts of a tubular structure. A rotary bucket 6 is pivotally mounted at the outer end of the telescopically extendable part 5. The telescopically extendable handle 2 is rotated around the axis of the hinge of the boom 1 in the vertical plane using a hydraulic jack 7, and the bucket 6 is rotated around the hinge axis of the telescopically extendable part 5 by means of a hydraulic jack 8 mounted on eye 9. The pairing between the main 4 and telescopically retractable 5 parts is made in the form of a rolled splined 10 or key connection.

Changing the type of working equipment from a backhoe to a straight line (from position I to position II) is carried out using a rotary mechanism 11, and the hydraulic jack 7, in this case, is rearranged from position III to position IV.

Figure 2 presents the kinematic diagrams of the rotary mechanism and telescopic extension of the handle. The rotation mechanism 11 has a rack and pinion jack 12 as a drive. The telescopic extension of the handle 2 is carried out using the hydraulic jack of the extension 13 located inside the telescopically sliding part 5 of the handle. This method of placement of the hydraulic jack allows the maximum size of the telescopic extension of the handle 2. In this case, the hydraulic jack of the extension 13 with its cylinder 14 is connected by a single hinge 15 to the upper inner surface of the handle bracket 3, and the rod 16 is connected to the lower inner surface of the telescopically sliding part 5 by means of a ball hinge 17, allowing to eliminate the rotation of the rod with the piston of the hydraulic jack sliding 13 when changing one type of working equipment to another. Figure 2 presents the working equipment with a backhoe in two positions: I - when excavating below the parking level of the excavator to the depth usual for a certain type of excavator - handle in a shifted position; II - when excavating during the formation of excavations of increased depth - the handle is in a telescopically extended position.

In the same way, the length of the handle will change during excavation of the soil or rock mass above the parking of the excavator with working equipment, a direct shovel during work in benches with a varying height.

Figure 3 in cross section aa (figure 2) of the tubular handle shows one of the possible mates of the main 4 and telescopically retractable 5 parts. It is a spline connection obtained by the rolling method. Such conjugation provides free longitudinal movement of the telescopically sliding part 5 relative to the main part 4 of the handle and rotates them together when changing the type of working equipment, and also provides structural rigidity for perceiving forces from bending and torque moments that arise when digging. With telescopic extension of the handle, the eyelet 9, designed to swivel the jack of rotation 8 with the telescopically sliding part 5 of the bucket 6, moves in the longitudinal groove 18 made in the main part 4 of the handle 2.

The principle of operation of working equipment with a direct or backhoe.

In the process of digging pits, trenches and other excavations of increased depth by gradual telescopic extension of the handle, a deepening is carried out. At the same time, when lifting the working equipment from the bottom, at the same time as lifting, the telescopically retractable part is retracted with the subsequent rotation of the excavator to the place of unloading. When working with a straight shovel in ledges of increased height, the telescopic extension of the handle is carried out closer to the end of digging to cut off the upper part of the ledge. For unloading into the vehicle, simultaneously with the rotation of the excavator platform, the telescopic part of the handle is retracted.

Claims (1)

The working equipment of the direct or reverse shovels of a hydraulic single-bucket excavator, including a curved monoblock boom and a telescopically extending handle connected hinged to it, consisting of a bracket, a main and telescopically extendable part with a rotary bucket mounted on the outer end, boom, crank and bucket hydraulic jacks, and also a telescopic sliding jack and a turning mechanism of the main and telescopically sliding parts of the handle, while the main the nasal part of the handle is made in the form of a tubular structure, characterized in that the telescopically extendable part of the handle is made tubular, the rotation mechanism is made with a drive in the form of a rack jack, the main and telescopically extendable parts of the handle along the entire length of the telescopic extension are connected by a spline connection with fixation of the straight position or a backhoe by means of a drive mechanism for turning the handle, and an eye for swiveling the jack of rotation of the bucket with a telescopically extendable part of the handle is made to move in a longitudinal groove made in the main part of the handle by the length of the telescopic extension, while the cylinder of the hydraulic jack of the telescopic extension of the handle is connected to the upper inner surface of the bracket by a single hinge, and the piston rod of the hydraulic jack of the telescopic extension of the handle is attached to the lower inner surface of the telescopic extension the handle by means of a ball joint that excludes the rotation of the piston of the jack of the telescopic extension of the handle when the collar of the main and telescopically extendable parts of the handle at an angle of 180 ° in the process of changing the type of working equipment.

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