RU2309077C2 - Bogie-carrier - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport; rail track checking facilities.

SUBSTANCE: proposed bogie-carrier consists of two independent one-axle bogies. Frame of each one-axle bogie is connected by parallelogram mechanism with common frame. Following members are made in form of wheels. Longitudinal beams with lifting-lowering mechanism and mechanism to correct displacement of diagnosing device are hinge-mounted on axle boxes of following wheels of opposite one-axle bogies. Longitudinal beams are secured to provide angular and axial displacement of one-axle bogies.

EFFECT: improved operation reliability, strength and wear resistance of device of small mass and insignificant action onto rail track and featuring elasticity to cushion shocks and impacts when running.

5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to means for monitoring the state of rail tracks.

It is known "Device for tracking the lateral surfaces of rails" - Utility Model Certificate No. 0006175, 03.16.1998, containing a link with a contact element, articulated with guardrails, the ends of which are located between the wheel flanges of the undercarriage and placed in rotary linear guides, tightly coupled to wheelsets.

The disadvantage of this known technical solution is that when moving on a rail track on bumps, when broadening and rounding, the wagon tends to wobble and the wheel pairs to move unevenly within the gap between the wheel flange and the side edge of the rail, and along with them there is a displacement and separation tracking ski and the displacement of the transducers from the center of the rail head and signal loss.

The second significant design flaw is that a tracking ski with contact carbide elements throws metal sawdust, dirt and fuel oil from the side of the rails onto the ski surface, and in winter, snow falls into the slip and control zone of the transducers. The large mass of the cart with a tracking device degrades the dynamic parameters and reduces the speed of movement.

The design drawback is also the difficulty of passing turnouts associated with setting the depth of the ski and its possible extraction and exit from the "shadow of the wheel flange" or displacement during dynamic impacts, which leads to breakage of the tracking device.

It is known "Device for centering the search system of a mobile flaw detector" - Utility Model Certificate No. 38708, July 10, 2004, including a running carriage, on the transverse frame of which a drive for moving a movable link with contact elements is installed. This device has the same disadvantages that were listed above.

The closest is the "Device for tracking the lateral surfaces of the rails" - Utility Model Certificate No. 13549 of 04/27/2000, including a base element that rigidly connects the bump elements in the axial direction and the measuring elements kinematically connected to each other.

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is that the design of the axle box axle does not allow placing additional diagnostic devices.

These shortcomings are eliminated in the claimed device.

The carrier trolley has operational reliability, sufficient strength and wear resistance, which ensure traffic safety, has a small weight and insignificant effect of the wheels on the rail when passing bumps, and has elasticity to mitigate the shocks and impacts experienced during movement.

The carrier trolley has the ability to smoothly adjust the optimal ratio of clamping and expanding forces of the follower wheels, while ensuring high cushioning properties of the trolley during impacts and guiding along the rail track with a high safety margin from rolling the crest onto the rail of the follower wheels.

A general view of the carrier trolley is shown in FIG. 1, and the kinematic diagram is shown in FIG. 2, which contains: 1 - pneumatic cylinders for raising and lowering the carrier trolley, 2 - uniaxial trolleys, 3 - frame of a uniaxial trolley, 4 - jack wheels 5 - rocker, 6 - axis, 7 - traction, 8 - rod, 9 - tracking wheel, 10 - guide, 11 - pneumatic cylinder, 12 - lever, 13 - parallelogram mechanism, 14 - bracket, 15 - frame, 16 - hinge spherical, 17 - longitudinal beam, 18 - search ski, 19 - lifting-lowering mechanism, 20 - axle box, 21 - bracket, 22 - two-axis hinge, 23 - knot compensation of displacement of uniaxial bogies relative to each other, 24 - bracket, 25 - spherical joint, 26 - linear bearing, 27 - bracket, 28 - gripper, 29 - catcher, 30 - articulated lever mechanism, 31 - lock, 32 - device pneumatic cylinder capture.

Figure 3 shows: 17 - a longitudinal beam, 18 - a search ski, 19 - a lifting-lowering mechanism, 21 - an arm, 22 - a biaxial hinge, 23 - a node for compensating the displacement of uniaxial trolleys relative to each other, 24 - an arm, 25 - a hinge spherical, 26 - linear bearing, 33 - search bias correction mechanism.

Figure 4 shows a uniaxial trolley in the transport position: 27 - bracket, 28 - gripper, 29 - catcher, 30 - hinged lever mechanism, 31 - lock, 32 - pneumatic cylinder of the gripper.

Figure 5 shows: 2 - uniaxial trolleys, 3 - frame of a uniaxial trolley, 4 - jack wheel, 9 - measuring wheel, 13 - parallelogram mechanism, 16 - spherical hinge, 17 - longitudinal beam, 20 - axle box, 21 - bracket, 22 - biaxial hinge, 23 - offset compensation unit for uniaxial bogies, 24 - bracket.

The carrier truck (Fig. 1) lowers onto the path to the working position and rises to the transport position with the help of articulated pneumatic cylinders 1, providing a predetermined pressure force of the tracking wheels to the rail heads and at the same time being pneumatic shock absorbers.

The undercarriage of the carrier trolley, the kinematic diagram of which is shown in FIG. 2, is made of two independent uniaxial trolleys 2. Each uniaxial trolley consists of a frame 3 with swivel wheels 4 mounted at its ends at a predetermined fixed distance for passing turnouts. In the inner cavity of the central part of the frame 3, the rocker arm 5 is mounted in the form of a two-shouldered lever, the axis of rotation 6 of which is installed in the central part of the frame 3 of the uniaxial trolley. The beam 5 is pivotally connected to the rods 7, which move the follower wheels 9 along the guides through the rods 8. The guides 10 are fixed on the ends of the frame 3 of the uniaxial trolley, and the follower wheels are moved by an articulated pneumatic cylinder 11, the rod of which is fixed on the lever 12 of the rocker arm 5, and the body on the frame of the uniaxial trolley 3. To control the movement of the tracking wheels on the frame 3 of the uniaxial trolley coaxially to the beam 5, a sensor S is fixed, the shaft of which is fixed on the axis 6.

Parallelogram mechanisms 13 are mounted on the ends of the frame 3 of each uniaxial trolley, which are attached to the brackets 14 (Fig. 1) of the common frame 15 and form an additional parallelogram with it due to spherical hinges 16 (Fig. 5), which makes it possible to displace the uniaxial trolleys in the transverse and the vertical plane of the track, and also allows each uniaxial bogie to independently self-mount on roundings, bumps and elevations of the track.

Longitudinal beams 17 with mounted on them, for example, search skis 18 with piezoelectric transducers and a mechanism 19 for lifting, lowering and adjusting the offset of the finders are mounted on brackets rigidly fixed to the fixed axle boxes 20 of the tracking wheels 9 of the opposite uniaxial bogies (Fig. 1). Each longitudinal beam 17 (Fig. 5) of the carrier truck is fixed at one end to the bracket 21 of the fixed axle box of the follower wheel of one uniaxial truck using a biaxial hinge 22. The other end of the beam is installed in the offset compensation unit of the uniaxial carts relative to each other 23, which is mounted on the bracket 24 fixed axle boxes of the tracking wheel of the opposite uniaxial trolley. The offset compensation unit of the uniaxial carts relative to each other 23 (Fig. 3) is a spherical joint 25 with a linear bearing 26, in the inner cavity of which the end of the longitudinal beam is located, and provides free and independent movement of the uniaxial carts on uneven paths relative to each other when the cart moves -carrier, keeping the position of the longitudinal beam above the neck of the rail unchanged.

Each uniaxial trolley is equipped with shock-absorbing fixing brackets 27 (Fig. 4), and on the frame 15 (Fig. 1) a gripper 28 of the uniaxial trolley is mounted above each uniaxial trolley when it is lifted into the transport position by pneumatic cylinders 1, the rods of which are pivotally mounted on the hollow frame 3 single-axle trolley, and the body - on a common frame 15.

The gripping device 28 is a figured rib with an inclined catcher 29, on which the articulated lever mechanism 30 that controls the locks 31 is mounted. The locks 31 are made with inclined catchers and together with the rib 29 form a prism that allows the locking brackets to be centered when the trolley is shifted in the transverse plane. The axles of the castle are installed with eccentricity e. The locks tend to close and lock the brackets of the uniaxial trolley when its weight affects the working surface of the castle. In the upper transport position, the locking brackets of the uniaxial trolley cover the vertical part of the curly rib, fixing it in the transverse plane, and from the outside the locking brackets are covered by locks 31. It is possible to turn and open the locks 31 when removing the power load from them. To do this, apply pressure to the rod cavity of the pneumatic cylinders 1, which raise the uniaxial trolley by the value Δ (Fig. 4) and unload the locks.

To control the movement of the tracking wheels on the frame 3 of uniaxial bogies coaxially to the beam 5, a sensor S is fixed, the shaft of which is fixed on the axis 6.

With lateral wear of the rail (Fig. 3) (A) and withdrawal of the searchers from the center of the head according to the signal from the sensor S for monitoring the movement of the tracking wheels, a correction mechanism is activated, made, for example, in the form of a pneumatic actuator 33, which corrects the offset Δ2, exposing the transducer above the rail neck .

The carrier truck can be installed under the car body between the pivot bearings both in the center of the transverse axis of the body, and offset along the longitudinal axis of the body to one of the pivot bearings.

In case of displacement of the carrier carriage from the central transverse axis of the body (Fig. 1) when inscribing uniaxial carriages into a curve of radius R, the tracking wheels of uniaxial carriages are shifted by a different amount:

- in the horizontal plane Y1 and Y2;

- in the longitudinal plane δ1 and δ2;

- in the transverse plane - by the elevation of the outer rail.

The center-to-center distance between the wheels along the inner rail thread will be L1, and along the outer - L2, while the rods of the parallelogram mechanism will rotate by an angle α and β, respectively.

The carrier truck operates as follows.

In the initial position, the carrier truck is in the upper transport position (figure 4):

- there is no pressure in the pneumatic cylinders;

- locks of the locking device are closed;

- the tracking wheels are pressed against the jack wheels;

- The search system is raised to the upper position.

To bring the carrier trolley to the operating position (Fig. 1), pressure is supplied to the rod cavity of the pneumatic cylinders 1, which raise the trolley by Δ (Fig. 4) and unload the locks. Then, pressure is supplied to the piston cavity of the pneumatic cylinders 32 of the gripper 28 above each uniaxial trolley, which rotate the rocker arms of the linkage mechanism, opening the locks 31 and releasing the uniaxial trolleys for lowering to the working position. After that, the pressure is first supplied to the piston cavity of the power pneumatic cylinders 1 and the uniaxial bogies are lowered onto the rail track, and after the wheels are pressed, the pressure is simultaneously supplied to the piston cavity of the pneumatic cylinders 11 of the expansion of the follower wheels until the flanges contact with the inner faces of the rails and into the rod cavity of the pneumatic cylinders 32 of the gripping device. After placing the carrier carriage on the rails, the search system is lowered, for example, with piezoelectric transducers (PES), the principle of operation of which is based on the ability of ultrasonic vibrations (ultrasonic testing) to reflect from discontinuities and physically inhomogeneous inclusions in the controlled object.

Piezoelectric transducers (PES) are used as emitters and receivers of ultrasonic testing, which are designed to convert electrical pulses into pulses of ultrasonic vibrations. These ultrasonic vibrations are transmitted to the rolling surface of the rail head and further to the rail. The reflected echoes from various inhomogeneities in the rail metal (defects, joints, bolt holes, soles, etc.) are converted by these same probes into electrical impulses, which are amplified by a flaw detector for further processing and registration. All the transducers are mounted on a search ski and operate at a frequency of 2.5 MHz.

When the carrier carriage moves along the rail track, the biaxial joint 22 provides freedom of movement of the axle box axle and the end of the longitudinal beam in the horizontal and vertical plane of the track.

The offset compensation unit of the uniaxial trolleys relative to each other 23 (Fig. 3), made in the form of a spherical hinge 25 with a linear bearing 26, allows free and independent movement of uniaxial trolleys on uneven paths relative to each other when the carrier trolley moves, keeping the position of the longitudinal beam unchanged over the neck of the rail.

The kinematics of the carrier trolley (figure 2), made of two independent uniaxial trolleys with parallelogram mechanisms on spherical joints, united by a common frame and pivotally mounted longitudinal beams on the fixed axle boxes of the tracking wheels of the opposite uniaxial trolleys, provides free and independent movement of each of the four tracking wheels in the longitudinal, horizontal and transverse plane of the path. Tracking wheels track their lateral edge with rails. Together with axle box axles, a longitudinal beam moves, on which, for example, a search system with transducers is fixed, providing the necessary guidance of the transducers in the center of the rail heads taking into account changes in gauge, distortions, curvatures and unevenness of the track.

Automated control of the seeker bias correction mechanism is carried out by interacting with the sensor S for monitoring the movement of the tracking wheels.

With lateral wear of the rail (Fig. 3) (A) and withdrawal of the searchers from the center of the head by a signal from the sensor S, a follower, for example a pneumatic actuator 33, corrects the offset Δ2, ensuring the converters are centered on the axis of symmetry of the rail.

The carrier trolley has operational reliability, sufficient strength and wear resistance to ensure traffic safety, has a small weight and insignificant effect of the wheels on the rail during unevenness, has elasticity to mitigate the shocks and impacts experienced during movement.

The carrier trolley has the ability to smoothly adjust the optimal ratio of clamping and expanding forces of the follower wheels, while ensuring high cushioning properties of the carrier trolley during impacts and guiding along the rail track with a high safety margin from combing onto the rail of the follower wheels.

Various devices for diagnosing a rail track, such as a mobile flaw detector, a device for measuring wave-like wear of rails, a device for measuring rail temperature, measuring the geometry of a third contact rail in the subway, etc., can be installed on a carrier carriage.

Industrial applicability.

The carrier trolley has operational reliability, sufficient strength and wear resistance to ensure traffic safety, has a small weight and insignificant effect of the wheels on the rail during unevenness, has elasticity to mitigate the shocks and impacts experienced during movement, and can be widely used for various types of rail track diagnostics. For the manufacture of the cart standard materials are used - steel 20, steel 40x, steel 45, steel 50G. In the manufacture of parts, technologies are widely used in mechanical engineering.

Claims (5)

1. A carrier truck, characterized in that it is made of two independent uniaxial trolleys and the frame of each uniaxial trolley is connected by a parallelogram mechanism to a common frame, and the following elements are made in the form of servo wheels, while longitudinal beams are articulated on the axle box of the servo wheels of the uniaxial carriage. with a lifting-lowering mechanism and a correction mechanism for the displacement of the diagnostic device, and the longitudinal beams are fixed with the possibility of angular and axial movement of uniaxial bogies. 2. The carrier trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that each longitudinal beam of the carrier trolley is fixed at one end to the bracket of the fixed axle box of the follower wheel of one uniaxial trolley using a biaxial hinge, the other end of the beam is installed in the offset compensation unit of the uniaxial trolleys relative to each other which is mounted on the bracket of the fixed axle box of the follower wheel of the opposite uniaxial bogie, and the compensation unit for the displacement of the uniaxial bogies relative to each other is, for example, spherical the hinge on which the linear bearing is fixed, in the inner cavity of which the end of the longitudinal beam is installed. 3. The carrier truck according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for correcting the bias of the searchers is associated with a sensor for monitoring the movement of the tracking wheels. 4. The carrier truck according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame of each uniaxial trolley is connected by a lifting-lowering mechanism and a locking mechanism with a common frame. 5. The carrier truck according to claim 1, characterized in that the parallelogram mechanisms connecting the frame of the uniaxial truck with a common frame are made with spherical joints.

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