RU2308833C2 - Means, method for producing the same and method for controlling of difficult-to-eradicate quarantine weeds such as russian centaury using the same means - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: means for controlling difficult-to eradicate quarantine weeds such as Russian centaury contains herbicide mixture: 2-ethylhexyl ester plus cinydon-ethyl 0.6-1.8 l; metsulfuron-methyl 0.005-0.010 kg; water 100-180 l. Method for producing of said means involves sequentially introducing mother liquors of herbicides into water and mixing during 20 min. Method for controlling of Russian centaury involves treating bunches of Russian centaury with mixture of herbicides: 2-ethylhexyl ester plus cinydon-ethyl 1.2-1.8 l; metsulfuron-methyl 0.008-0.010 kg; water 100-150 l; providing said treatment during budding-blooming period at the rate of 100-150 l/hectare with fallow or half-fallow tillage of soil. Method for controlling of Russian centaury in cereal crop seedlings, said weeds withstanding said herbicides, involves treating bunches of Russian centaury with mixture of herbicides: 2-ethylhexyl ester plus cinydon-ethyl 0.6-0.8 l; metsulfuron-methyl 0.005-0.008 kg; water 150-180 l; treating bunches of Russian centaury in cereal crop seedlings during tillering period at the rate of 150-180 l/hectare.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in killing of weeds.

5 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to the field of protection of plants from weeds in relation to modern technologies for cultivating field crops in the system of primary, steam and semi-steam tillage and can be used to destroy creeping mustard.

In the Russian Federation, creeping mustard occupies more than 400 thousand hectares of sown area, of which about 50% are in the Volgograd region, and the rest in the Rostov, Samara, Saratov, Astrakhan and Orenburg regions, in the Stavropol Territory and the Republic of Kalmykia.

Creeping mustard is the most harmful among the weeds. A sharp decrease in crop yields is already observed at 20-25 stalks of mustard per 1 m ² , leading to a shortage of 40-60% of the crop. With higher clogging (75-100 stems / m ² ), cultivated plants die completely.

The main reason for the sharp decline in yield and death of plants is their intense competition for moisture and nutrients.

On clogged lands, the moisture of the arable horizon decreases to the level of dead stock. At the same time, mustard plants assimilate from the soil 2-5 times more nutrients than winter wheat with a yield of 20 kg / ha.

The harmfulness of mustard is also due to the allelopathic effect of toxic secretions of the root system and the plants themselves.

Mustard plants are toxic to many animals, especially horses.

At the end of the last century, several drugs were used from chemical agents to combat creeping mustard: Sangor, Tordon-22 K, Polydim (2 KF), Tordon 101, Trisben-200. These herbicides were introduced by ground sprayers into the phases of rosettes and branching of mustard, as well as subsoil. The effectiveness of the use of drugs in this case reached 66-99.6%.

Currently, all of the above drugs are prohibited and discontinued.

The use of 2,4-D group drugs in the fight against creeping mustard is also known (L.I. Kazakevich, Z.P. Galkina. Quarantine weed plants and methods for their destruction. Volgograd, 1965. - P. 72). The authors proposed, after growing outlets of mustard, to spray the fields with preparations of the 2,4-D herbicide moving in plants (derivatives of chlorphenoxyacetic acid), which was used in the form of sodium, amine salts and butyl, octyl, crotyl and other ethers. Sodium salt was used in an increased dosage of 3 kg / ha a.a., and amine salt was 1.8-2.0 kg / ha a.a. with the mandatory addition of 3-5 kg / ha of ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate. Esters 2,4-D are even stronger and were used in doses of 1-1.2 kg / ha. The flow rate of the solution during ground spraying was 300-400 l / ha, during aerial processing - not more than 100 l / ha. (Decreasing the flow rate of the solution to 25-50 l / ha in very hot weather is dangerous, the authors noted). At the same time, the authors note that when using herbicides of the 2,4-D group, they can only cause partial death of vertical shoots and roots.

At present, it is well known that even 2,4-D group drugs that can move well in plants only partially cut the root system of the weed to a depth of 15 cm, and after 1-3 months it grows back (Recommendations of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. Complex measures control of creeping mustard. - M.: Niva of Russia, 1992. - P.14).

At the same time, and even somewhat earlier (Recommendations for the control of creeping mustard Volgograd, 1986), together with a 2,4-D group preparation, namely 2,4-DMA (dimethylamine salt), tank mixtures were created: Polydim (2KF) - 5-6 kg / ha + 2,4-DMA - 2.5 kg / ha - weeding mixture used in the phase of 3-5 corn leaves; Banvel-D - 0.3 kg / ha + 2,4-DMA - 2 kg / ha - weeding mixture, in the phase of 3-5 corn leaves; Lontrel - 0.3 kg / ha + 2,4-DMA - 2 kg / ha - weeding mixture, in the phase of 3-5 corn leaves. These mixtures had limited use (only for corn) and their effectiveness was insufficient. Gorchak grew back the next year, as the drug was applied through outlets. At the same time, it was proposed to use banvel-D - 48% BP in the main tillage system by surface spraying the mustard sockets in the following dosages: vapors - 10 l / ha; in fodder crop rotation during irrigation under the 1st unit of corn - 15-20 l / ha; in spring in pairs - 5 l / ha. The effectiveness of banvel treatments was also insufficient. In addition, given the cost of this drug, the proposed treatments could cost farms 6.0-120 thousand rubles / ha, and this is economically unacceptable in the current state of agricultural production.

The most promising was the proposal to use glyphosate group preparations to control creeping mustard. The herbicides roundup, oval and fosulen were proposed to be used in doses of 3-10 l / ha. In value terms, the treatment of one hectare of mustard costs from 800 to 2500 rubles, which is already acceptable. However, the effectiveness of the proposed treatments in the long run (after 1 year) turned out to be relatively low, since up to 50% of the mustard plants resumed vegetation.

A known method of combating creeping mustard, including its treatment with an aqueous solution of a mixture of herbicides (RU 1085581, АN 61/00, 1985). The disadvantage of this method is the use of a herbicidal composition containing an active substance based on a mixture of ethoxylated dimethylhydrazine salts of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolin and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acids, which are discontinued due to high toxicity and are currently are absent in the "List of ... chemicals approved for use in the Russian Federation, 2005".

The previously proposed tool, the method of its production and the method of combating the mustard, which we take as a prototype (RU 2253231 C1, A01N 31/02, 41/10, 02/11/2004), are highly effective in steam and semi-steam tillage systems and are suitable for eradicating action, but can not be used in the fight against mustard in crops.

The technical result is the development of a highly effective means and method of combating creeping mustard, ensuring the destruction of mustard in steam, semi-steam fields and, subsequently, in grain crops.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the tool containing the tank mixture of herbicides has the following composition:

Lotus D, in the form of an emulsion concentrate (2-ethylhexyl ether + cinidone-ethyl) 0.6-1.8 L Wrench in the form of a wettable powder (Metsulfuron-methyl) 0.005-0.010 kg Water 100-180 l

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the method of obtaining funds, comprising sequentially introducing into the water mother liquors of herbicides and mixing them, mixing is carried out for at least 20 minutes.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the method of controlling creeping mustard, including treating the mustard clumps with a tank mixture of herbicides, a mixture of the following composition is used as a tank mixture:

Lotus D, in the form of an emulsion concentrate (2-ethylhexyl ether + cinidone-ethyl) 1.2-1.8 L Wrench in the form of a wettable powder (Metsulfuron-methyl) 0.008-0.01 kg Water 100-150 l

moreover, the treatment of mustard plots is carried out during budding - weed flowering at the rate of 100-150 l / ha in the steam and semi-steam soil cultivation system.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the method of controlling creeping mustard, including treating the mustard with a tank mixture of herbicides, a mixture of the following composition is used as a tank mixture:

Lotus D, in the form of an emulsion concentrate (2-ethylhexyl ether + cinidone-ethyl) 0.6-0.8 L Wrench in the form of a wettable powder (Metsulfuron-methyl) 0.005-0.008 kg Water 150-180 l

moreover, the processing of mustard curtains is carried out during tillering of crops at the rate of 150-200 l / ha

The quantitative content of the components of the tank mixture within the stated limits is optimal. The decrease in the content of the components of the mixture reduces the effectiveness of the method of combating mustard. The increase in the content of the components of the mixture is impractical both from an economic and environmental point of view.

The declared limits of the volume of working solution for processing one hectare of mustard are also optimal, due to the morphological feature of creeping mustard, which has a small, dense, felt pubescence that prevents wetting of plants. In addition, the volume of water in the tank mixture within the stated limits does not change the concentration of active substances of the mixture per 1 ha and depends on the technique used. Application of a creeping tank mix to the leaf-stem mass of plants of mustard provides the necessary wetting of the surface of leaves, stems, flower baskets of mustard and the deep penetration of the herbicidal mixture into the cells of the aboveground and then underground (root) part of the plants. Mixing the components of the tank mixture for at least 20 minutes upon receipt of it promotes the formation of new compounds, an unknown structure, which enhance the effect of the starting components and provide a more pronounced effect as a result of synergism. Thus, the high efficiency of the tank mixture is achieved due to the synergism of the herbicides, their high systemic (penetrating into the cells) effects at the most critical, most vulnerable stage of weed development (budding - flowering).

The death of creeping mustard as a result of using the invention reaches 82.5-89.7% according to the accounts for the next year after processing.

The processing efficiency of creeping mustard with various tank mixtures, the average for 2003-2004 No. p / p Tank mix Consumption rate, l (kg) / ha The cost of hectare norms, *), rub. The death of mustard,% The number of overgrown stems in the next year after processing, pcs / m ² one. Lotus D + basis + coat 1.2-1.8 + 0.012-0.015 + 0.003-0.005 1366 95.8 1,6 2. Lotus D + coat 1.2-1.8 + 0.008-0.010 391 89.7 2,8 3. Lotus D + coat 0.6-0.8 + 0.005-0.008 198 82.5 3.4 *) in 2005 prices

In semi-steam and steam tillage systems, chemical treatment of mustard is preceded by basic tillage and cultivation, which weakens the mustard plants. Regardless of the number of mechanical tillages, the mustard is brought to the beginning of budding phase - flowering, after which the weed is chemically treated with the proposed tank mixture of herbicides.

Claims (4)

1. Means for combating difficult to eradicate quarantine weed - creeping mustard, containing a tank mixture of herbicides, characterized in that the tank mixture has the following composition: 2-ethylhexyl ether + cinidone-ethyl 0.6-1.8 L metsulfuron methyl 0.005-0.010 kg Water 100-180 l 2. A method of obtaining funds for combating difficult to eradicate quarantine weed - creeping mustard according to claim 1, comprising the sequential introduction into the water of mother liquors of herbicides and mixing them for 20 minutes 3. A method of combating difficult to eradicate quarantine weed mustard creeping, comprising treating the mustard curtain with a tank mixture of herbicides, characterized in that a mixture of the following composition is used as a tank mixture: 2-ethylhexyl ether + cinidone-ethyl 1.2-1.8 L metsulfuron methyl 0.008-0.010 kg Water 100-150 l moreover, the treatment of mustard curtains is carried out during budding - flowering at the rate of 100-150 l / ha in the system of steam or semi-steam tillage. 4. A method of combating hard-to-eradicate weed - mustard creeping in crops of crops resistant to these herbicides, comprising treating the mustard clumps with a tank mixture of herbicides, characterized in that a mixture of the following composition is used as a tank mixture: 2-ethylhexyl ether + cinidone-ethyl 0.6-0.8 L metsulfuron methyl 0.005-0.008 kg water 150-180 l moreover, the treatment of mustard curtains is carried out in crops of grain crops during tillering at the rate of 150-180 l / ha.