RU2307796C2 - Method for production of bioactive water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of bioactive water based on usual water.

SUBSTANCE: water is treated in rotor cavitation apparatus at 15-70°C for 5-50 cycles and rotor rate of 2000-12000 rpm.

EFFECT: treatment of increased effectiveness; increased content of vitamin C, carotene and sugar in fruits; decreased content of nitrates and heavy metals therein; increased yield of agriculture cultures.

11 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of biologically active water production technologies and can be used in agriculture to increase the yield of garden and grain crops (sugar beets, tomatoes, cucumbers, wheat, etc.).

Known methods of treating plant seeds with growth stimulants (biologics) - phytosporin, epin, Baikal, bioprospect, narcissus, etc. The introduction of biologics into the soil stimulates the growth and development of cucumber, tomato plants in greenhouses, improves the biochemical composition of fruits, increases their early and overall yield [ 1-2].

The disadvantage of the above methods is the complexity of the technology for biostimulants and their high cost.

Methods for producing biologically active water by its magnetic treatment are described [3-4]. When soaking sugar beet seeds in water subjected to magnetic treatment, the yield of this crop increases by 8% [3]. When watering with magnetized water, the yield of many grain and garden crops increases by 10–40% [4].

This is because when using magnetized water, nutrients from the soil are better absorbed. And the best assimilation of nutrients from the soil is due to the higher dissolving power of magnetized water, containing a larger and more mobile associate, as compared to non-magnetized water.

A known method of producing biologically active water in a magnetic field, adopted by us as a prototype [5]. It is established that when watering with this water, flowering and fruiting of plants is accelerated, and the yield of cucumber and tomato increases by 22-23%.

This is because the processes of crystallization, dissolution, and adsorption that occur in a living cell are accelerated in structured water. In addition, when transforming the structure of water, its properties and isotopic composition are improved.

The disadvantage of this method [5] (prototype) is its lack of effectiveness in the activation of water, which does not allow to increase the yield of vegetable crops. In addition, the known method does not significantly increase the content of sugar, carotene, vitamins, etc. in the fruits and reduce the content of nitrates and heavy metals in them.

The objective of the present invention is to increase crop yields, increase the content of vitamin C, carotene, sugar in fruits and reduce the content of nitrates and heavy metals in them.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method of producing biologically active water based on ordinary water by its energy treatment, ordinary water is subjected to treatment in a rotary cavitation apparatus at a temperature of 15-70 ° C for 5-50 cycles with a rotational speed of the cavitator rotor of 2000-12000 a minute.

In the process of cavitation, accompanied by luminescence, ionization, etc., bubbles of 50-120 microns in size are formed in water, leading to dispersion of water [6]. These cavitation bubbles are flooded with gas, steam, or a mixture thereof. The collapse of the bubbles is accompanied by adiabatic heating of the gas in them to a temperature of 10 ⁴ ° C [7]. As a result of this, water is heated, which helps to remove harmful impurities from it (organochlorine compounds, nitrates, etc.) and neutralize heavy metal ions. In addition, during cavitation in water, НО ^• ₂ , ^• ОН radicals and hydrogen peroxide are formed, which contribute to a significant increase in its biological activity.

The presence of hydrogen peroxide and radicals in water has a detrimental effect on various harmful microorganisms of plants, which increases their resistance to various diseases and productivity.

Bubbles collapse during half-periods of compression, creating short-term (about 10 ^-6 sec) pressure pulses (up to 10 ³ MN / m ² = 10 ⁴ kgf / cm ² or more). These pressure impulses arising in cavitation bubbles cause instant ruptures and death of microorganisms and protozoa [8], which leads to improved water quality and also prevents damage to plants by various pests.

The process of cavitation of water is carried out at a rotational speed of the cavitator rotor (CHORK) 2000-12000 per minute. The decrease in CHORK below 2000 per minute does not allow to obtain water with sufficient biological activity (BA). An increase in CHORK of more than 12,000 per minute is limited by the current state of technical developments.

The number of cycles (CC) of water treatment is 5-50. When the number of treatment cycles is less than 5, water with a low BA is obtained. The number of cycles equal to 50 is sufficient for the preparation of water with optimal BA. An increase in the number of cycles of more than 50 increases the energy consumption for water activation.

During cavitation, the water is heated from 15 to 70 ° C, which helps to remove harmful impurities from it (chloroform, nitrates, etc.

The essence of the proposed method is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. Ordinary water (from the well of URALNIISHOZ) is treated in a cavitation apparatus described in patent No. 2131087, MKI 6F23K 5/12, F23D 11/34, at CHORK 3000 per minute, the number of cycles 50 and a temperature of 15 ° C. During cavitation treatment, the water temperature rises to 70 ° С, as a result of which harmful impurities are removed from it - chloroform, chloroethylene, hydrocarbons, nitrates, etc.

The obtained biologically active water (BAS) was used to irrigate tomato plants in greenhouses. The experiments were carried out in a film greenhouse in 1993-2001 (URALNIISHHOZ) and in a winter greenhouse of Teplichnoye CJSC in 2000-2001. Irrigation of biologically active substances was studied in conjunction with the use of a biological product biosurvey, which was introduced into the greenhouse substrate before planting seedlings at a dose of 100 g / m ² .

In the greenhouse of URALNIISHOKZ, the plants during the fruiting period differed in biometric indicators, table 1. The highest plants were formed in the version with BAS water - 210.3 cm and BAS + bioproduct water - 205.2 cm, the excess was 8-11%. There are no differences in stem diameter. Watering biologically active substances and biofeedback helped to reduce the distance between flower brushes, which is positive. The number of fruits and brushes was also the largest. The leaf surface slightly decreased when water was sprayed with BAS.

The agrochemical properties of the soil changed during the growing season, table 2. Watering BAS increased the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil, i.e. nutrients as a result of dispersion became more accessible to the root system of plants. Biofeedback increased soil nutrients to a lesser extent. At the end of the growing season, as a result of assimilation by plants and leaching, the content of mobile nutrients decreased in all cases and to a greater extent when irrigated with ordinary water.

The biochemical composition of tomato fruits varied according to the experimental options, table 3. An increase in the dry matter content in fruits, sugars, ascorbic acid, carotene, a decrease in nitrate content by 20% when watering the biologically active substance with water was noted. The acidity of the fruits did not change much. Watering biologically active substances also reduced the content of heavy metals in tomato fruits, table 4. The zinc content in fruits decreased by 42% when watering biologically active substances with water and from biosurvey - 29%. The copper content decreased by 22 and 14%, respectively. There was no mercury and lead in the fruits; no differences were found in the amount of cadmium. Fruits when watering BAS - dietary.

Watering with biologically active substances positively influenced tomato productivity in the greenhouse, table 5. In the first month of fruiting, yield increased by 25% when watering with biologically active substances in August, the increase was 24%, in September - 25% and the total increase - 25%. The introduction of bioproducts increased the yield to a lesser extent. For the early harvest, the increase was 6%, for the total 7%. The combined use of bio-question and BAS water increased the early yield by 25% and the total - by 18%.

Similar results were obtained in the winter greenhouse ZAO Teplichnoye when growing tomato plants.

Example 2. Ordinary water (from the well of URALNIISHOZ) is treated in a cavitation apparatus described in example 1, at CHORK 6000 per minute, the number of cycles 10 and a temperature of 15 ° C. During cavitation treatment, the water temperature rises to 70 ° C and harmful impurities specified in Example 1 are removed from it.

The obtained BAS was used to water cucumber plants in greenhouses. The experiments were carried out in the film greenhouse of URALNIISHKHOZ in 1999-2001 and in the winter greenhouse of Teplichnoye CJSC in 2000-2001.

During the fruiting period, the plants in the film greenhouse differed in morphological parameters, table 6. The highest plant height, shoot length, number of female flowers and leaf area were formed in the BAS water + bios option. Watering biologically active substances less stimulated the growth and development of cucumber plants in the greenhouse.

The agrochemical properties of the soil changed during the fruiting period of Table 7. Irrigation with biologically active substances and the introduction of bio-question increased the content of mobile nutrients in the soil by 20-30% throughout the growing season. By the end of the growing season, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in soils decreased as a result of the absorption of nutrients by plants.

The chemical composition of the fruit was varied according to the experimental variants, table 8. When water was applied to biologically active substances in the fruit, the nitrate content decreased by 14%. Other indicators did not change much.

Watering had an impact on the productivity of cucumber, table 9. In the first month of fruiting, a 25% increase in yield was observed when watering with biologically active substances in July, the increase was 23%. in August, approximately the same yield was obtained, and in September the increase was 31%. The total increase from watering with biologically active substances amounted to an average of 14% over 3 years. The greatest effect, 21%, was obtained in the BAS water + bioprospect variant.

In the winter greenhouse of the Teplichnoye EAO, the effect of watering BAS with cucumber plants was also observed. Watering the cucumber plants in the winter greenhouse with BAS water improves their growth, the biochemical composition of the fruit (the nitrate content decreases by 28%, zinc decreases by 16%), the yield increases: early - by 11% and total - by 8%.

Example 3. Ordinary water (from the well of URALNIISHOZ) is treated in a cavitation apparatus described in example 1, with CHORK 8000 per minute, the number of cycles 25 and a temperature of 15-70 ° C.

The obtained biologically active substances were used to irrigate tomato seedlings. Watering tomato seedlings with BAS was studied in the film greenhouse of URALNIISHOS. Watering seedlings was carried out with ordinary water and BAS water from sowing seeds to planting seedlings.

Seedlings at the time of planting in the greenhouse differed in biometric indicators, table 10. Seedlings grown on BAS water had a lower height (67.4 cm), formed 16% more flowers and buds, leaves with a smaller leaf surface.

Tomato productivity also varied according to the experimental options, table 11. The early productivity in July from seedlings when watering with biologically active substances was 33% higher, in August the lower effect was obtained - 6% and the overall effect was 9%.

Therefore, the proposed method in comparison with the prototype [5], allows to increase the content in tomatoes and cucumbers: dry matter, sugars, ascorbic acid, carotene; reduce the content in tomatoes and cucumbers: nitrates by 14-20%, in tomatoes - zinc - by 42%, copper - by 22%, in the absence of lead and mercury in them, and get diet foods. The proposed method makes it possible to increase the yield of tomatoes to 25% and the early harvest of tomatoes and cucumbers by 33 and 31%, respectively.

Table 1
Biometric indicators of tomato plants during fruiting when irrigated with various water (1999-2001). Option Plant height, cm Stem diameter, cm The distance between the brushes, cm The number of flowers and buds, pieces The number of fruits, pieces The number of flower brushes, pieces Sheet surface
dm ² Plain water 189.1 1.7 29.0 46.3 87.8 13.8 93.0 BAS water 210.3 1.7 25.6 43.5 103.9 15.6 86.1 Bios 201.7 1.7 26.6 45,2 100,4 14.9 88.4 BAS water + bios 205.2 1.7 24.7 40.8 106,2 15.4 89.7

table 2
Agrochemical indicators of greenhouse soil when irrigated with various water (mg per 100 g of absolutely dry soil), 1999-2001. Option pH NO ₃ NH ₄ P ₂ O ₅ K ₂ O Cao MgO Before boarding Peat sawdust 6.0 245 11.6 1331 650 86 29th Peat opil + bios 6.2 277 15.1 1329 720 91 31 Bios 6.2 614 4.6 186 209 57 twenty Beginning of fruiting Plain water 6.3 117 13.3 1160 570 60 23 BAS water 6.2 126 23.7 1303 618 60 25 Bios 6.3 115 16,4 1175 601 60 26 BAS water + bios 6.3 114 14,4 1151 634 57 26 End of vegetation Plain water 6.0 76 11.0 1036 392 53 fourteen BAS water 6.1 88 22.6 971 534 48 17 Bios 6.1 95 25.0 972 605 61 17 BAS water + bios 6.3 89 19.1 1124 570 51 22

Table 3
The effect of irrigation on the chemical composition of tomato fruits, 1999-2001 Option Dry matter% Sugar,% Carotene, mg / kg Vitamin C, mg / kg Acidity, Nitrates, mg / kg Plain water 5,4 1.74 14.5 16.1 0.54 53 BAS water 5.8 1.85 16.6 17.5 0.56 44 Bioprss 5.7 1.81 15.6 17,2 0.53 53 BAS water + bios 5.7 1.86 16.3 16.9 0.54 46

Table 4
The content of heavy metals in tomato fruits when irrigated with various waters, mg / kg of crude substance, 2001. Option FROM FROM Pb N Plain water 1,69 0.50 0.02 0 0 BAS water 1.19 0.41 0.02 0 0 Bios 1.31 0.44 0.02 0 0 BAS water + bios 1.19 0.44 0.02 0 0

Table 5
Tomato productivity in a film greenhouse when irrigated with various water 1999-2001. Option July August September Total The average mass of the fetus, g kg / m ² % to control Plain water 1,6 5.3 1,2 8.1 one hundred 96.0 BAS water 2.0 6.6 1,5 10.1 125 98.1 Bios 1.7 5,6 1.4 8.7 107 96.0 BAS water + bios 2.0 6.0 1,6 9.6 118 96.3

Table 6
The effect of irrigation on the biometric parameters of cucumber plants during fruiting, 1999-2001. Option Plant height, cm Stem diameter, cm Shoot length, cm The number of flowers, pieces Leaf area dm ² female male Plain water 227.2 1,5 112.2 63,2 24.5 80.7 BAS water 255.2 1,5 119.7 64,4 24.8 89.1 Bios 238.1 1,6 117.0 63.5 17.1 98.1 BAS water + bios 272.0 1,6 125.3 77.8 20,4 98.6

Table 7
Change in the agrochemical properties of the greenhouse substrate during the growing season of cucumber, mg / 100 g of absolutely dry soil, 1999-2001. Option pH NO ₃ NH ₄ P ₂ O ₅ K ₂ O Cao MgO Beginning of fruiting Plain water 6.2 110 13 380 580 76 21 BAS water 6.3 135 fourteen 391 603 75 twenty Bios 6.2 120 fifteen 403 640 79 19 BAS water + bios 6.3 130 fourteen 387 610 74 twenty End of vegetation Plain water 5.1 105 fourteen 241 318 57 16 BAS water 5.1 87 13 278 322 60 fifteen Bios 5.5 70 12 263 323 60 fifteen BAS water + bios 5.3 58 fourteen 265 365 63 fifteen

Table 8
The effect of irrigation on the chemical composition of cucumber fruits, 1999-2001 Option Dry matter% Sugar,% Vitamin C, mg / kg Nitrates, mg / kg N P ₂ O ₅ K ₂ O % absolutely dry matter Plain water 4.60 1.80 10.3 291 3.05 1.93 5.71 BAS water 4.60 1.83 10.7 255 3.01 1.94 5.77 Bios 4.70 1.81 10.9 260 3.09 1.94 5.76 BAS water + bios 4.70 1.79 11.0 262 3.02 1.93 6.00

Table 9
Cucumber yield in a film greenhouse when irrigated with various water, 1999-2001. Option June July August September Total kg / m ² % to control Plain water 0.4 3.9 6.2 1.3 11.8 one hundred BAS water 0.5 4.8 6.4 1.7 13,4 114 Bios 0.4 4.6 6.5 1.4 12.9 109 BAS water + bios 0.5 4.8 7.2 1.8 14.3 121

Table 10
Morphological data of tomato seedlings, 2001. Option Plant height, cm Stem diameter, cm Distance to 1 brush, cm The number of flowers and buds, pieces The number of leaves, pieces Leaf area dm ² Plain water 71.8 0.5 51.8 11.2 9.0 7.2 BAZ water 67.4 0.5 50,0 13.0 9.6 6.8

Table 11
Tomato productivity when watering BAS, 2001 Option July August Total kg / m ² % to control The average mass of the fetus, g Plain water 0.9 5.5 6.4 one hundred 160,5 BAS water 1,2 5.8 7.0 109 100,2

Information sources

1. Paponov A.N. Private vegetable growing. Permian. 1991.

2. Tarakanov G.I., Wolf L.K., Vasilenko N.G. and other guidelines for the cultivation and introduction of new varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops selection TSHA. M., 1988.

3. Issues of theory and practice of magnetic treatment of water and water systems. Proceedings of the 2nd Vses. conference M.: Tsvetmetinformation. 1971. 316 p.

4. Yakovlev NP, Kolobenkov K.I. Bulletin of agricultural science. 1976. No. 6. S.101-106.

5. Vasiliev VV, Slesarenko VV, Gurskaya T.A., Primachev VV Activated water improves the fruiting of vegetables // J. Potatoes and vegetables. 2000. No.6.

6. Grivnin Yu.A., Zubrilov A.S., Zubrilov S.P., Afanasyev S.P. // J. Phys. chemistry. 1996.V. 70. No. 5. S.927-930

7. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia. M .: Soviet Encyclopedia. 3rd ed. 1973.Vol. 11. S.111-113.

8. Pernik A.D. Cavitation problems. 2nd ed. L., 1966.

Claims (1)

A method of producing biologically active water based on ordinary water by its energy treatment, characterized in that ordinary water is subjected to treatment in a rotary cavitation apparatus at a temperature of 15-70 ° C for 5-50 cycles and a rotational speed of the cavitator rotor of 2000-12000 per min .