RU2307772C2 - Locking device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: locking devices for securing objects and structural members separated from load-bearing structure of spacecraft; rocketry and space engineering.

SUBSTANCE: holding and destructible members are separable. Holding member is made in form of spring-loaded rod provided with member for connection with separable object or with structural member. Spring-loaded rod moves in locking device body perpendicularly relative to direction of force application. Thread is used as destructible member. Thread locks the rod in position of holding the separable object tightly adjoining to heating coil due to location of points of attachment of thread beyond cylindrical generatrix of heating spiral and tensioning device. Destructible member is broken due to burning when voltage is fed to heating coil.

EFFECT: enhanced safety and operational reliability.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to means for attaching various separated objects and structural elements from the supporting structure of spacecraft (SC) and can be used in the field of rocket and space technology.

Known castle device - pyrocheka (see Kolesnikov KS, Kozlov V.I., Kokushkin V.V. Dynamics of separation of aircraft. M: Engineering, 1977, p.20-22), consisting of a housing, a rod with piston and squib. The pyrocheal rod enters the opening of the separating object. When the igniter is activated (detonated), the rod moves, releasing a detachable object or structural element.

The disadvantages of this device are high dynamic loads when triggered, increased weight, the need for an element that holds the rod in position until triggered, the difficulty of assembling and mounting on the spacecraft, as well as the need for increased safety measures when working with a squib.

Known castle device - ball pyrozamok (see Kolesnikov KS, Kozlov VI, Kokushkin VV Dynamics of separation of aircraft. M: Mashinostroenie, 1977, p.20-22), consisting of a squib, breech , housing, piston, checks, nut, stem, sleeve and balls. When the igniter is activated (detonated), the piston moves the rod and, under the influence of pushers (not included in the ball lock), the balls disengage from the housing, moving into the cavity between the sleeve and the rod groove and releasing a detachable object or structural element.

The disadvantages of this device are its complexity, reduced reliability, difficulties during the sealing of a detachable object, as well as the need for increased security measures when working with a squib.

As a result of the analysis of patent and scientific and technical literature, a locking device — a pyro-bolt — was selected as a prototype (see Kolesnikov K.S., Kozlov V.I., Kokushkin V.V. Dynamics of the separation of aircraft. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1977, p. .20-22).

Pyro-bolt consists of a destructible element - the pyro-bolt body and the squib. When the pyro cartridge is triggered (detonated), the pyro-bolt body is destroyed, weakened by a deep incision located at the bottom of the cavity with the pyro cartridge, freeing the detached object or structural element.

The disadvantages of this device is its reduced reliability (the presence of a stress concentrator - a deep notch), since the destructible element is at the same time holding (power), high dynamic loads (shock) when triggered due to the need for great effort to break the bolt, occurrence when flying with large the speed of fragments of the hull, the possibility of passing false commands on the spacecraft and the detachable object due to vibration overloads that occur when pyro-bolt is triggered, as well as Compatibility with enhanced safety features when operating the squib.

The objectives of the proposed castle device are:

- improving the reliability of the locking device;

- reduction of dynamic loads on the supporting structure and the detachable object from the locking device when it is triggered;

- safety of the lock device;

- safety of work with the locking device.

To achieve the goals in the proposed locking device, the retaining and destructible element are separated, and a spring-loaded rod with an installed communication element with a detachable object or structural element, moving in the lock device housing perpendicular to the overload direction from the detachable object, is used as the holding element. a destructible element, a thread is used that fixes the rod in the holding position of the detachable object and fits snugly due to the times escheniya attachment points outside thread of the cylindrical helix forming filament tensioning device and a spiral filament disposed in the housing, wherein the destruction erodible element (filaments) made by burnout when voltage is applied to the coil filament without using Unified pyrotechnic device and in the absence of separable parts.

Figure 1 presents a view of the locking device in the holding position of a detachable object or structural element (elements of the locking device are fixed).

Figure 2 presents sections aa and bb in figure 1.

Figure 3 presents a view of the locking device with the unlocked position of its elements.

The structure of the locking device includes a housing 1, on which are attached:

- two insulating bushings 2;

- two incandescent spirals 3 (main and backup);

- a tensioning device in the form of a screw 4 and two nuts 5;

- telemetric sensor for the actuation of the locking device (waste detachable object) 6;

- connectors of the electrical interface of the locking device 7;

- housing cover 8

- sleeve 9;

- stock 10 with ear 11;

- spring 12.

In addition, the lock device includes a thread 13 and a communication element with a detachable object in the form of an eye 14 with a spherical bearing 15 mounted (to compensate for the angular errors in the installation of the lock device).

The assembly of the locking device is as follows:

- the spring 12 and the stem 10 assembly with the ear 11 are installed in the sleeve 9, which, in turn, is installed in the housing 1 (the unlocked position of the elements of the locking device);

- the thread 13 is tied to the ear 11 of the rod 10 and is passed through an incandescent spiral 3;

- an element of communication with a detachable object is installed in the eye of the housing, after which the rod 10 is moved to the holding position of the detachable object, and the rod 10 passes through the bore of the spherical bearing 15 of the eye 14 (fixed position of the elements of the locking device);

- the free end of the thread is tied to the screw 4 of the tensioner, after which the nuts 5 are used to tension the thread 13 (due to the fact that the attachment points of the thread 13 extend beyond the cylindrical generatrix of the incandescent spiral 3, the thread 13 fits snugly on the turns of the incandescent spiral 3).

The locking device is fully assembled and is in the holding position of the detachable object.

When installing the locking device is mounted on a supporting structure and the eye 14 is mated with a detachable object, while the design of the detachable object must be provided with a mechanical contact element with a telemetric sensor of operation of the lock device (withdrawal of the detachable object) 6.

To activate the locking device, a voltage is applied to the incandescent spiral 3, the thread 13 burns out, unlocking the rod 10, which, moving under the action of the spring 12, releases the coupling element from the detachable object (eye 14 with spherical bearing 15 mounted). There is a departure of the detachable element and the telemetric sensor of the actuation of the locking device 6 detects the fact of departure of the detachable element.

The calculations performed by the author, as well as full-scale tests of the device as part of a standard product and bench tests as part of developmental products, showed the high efficiency and safety of the proposed technical solution for attaching various separated objects and structural elements to the supporting structure of the spacecraft. When conducting bench tests of the proposed design of the locking device with a model of a detachable object, according to its mass-inertial characteristics similar to the standard one, it was found:

- the proposed locking device withstands high vibration and shock loads;

- when the proposed locking device is activated, there are practically no dynamic loads on the supporting structure;

- when the proposed locking device is activated, dynamic loads on the detachable load object are not transmitted;

- the response time of the proposed locking device does not exceed two seconds;

- when the proposed lock device is not separated parts;

- the proposed locking device can be used repeatedly (subject to replacement of the thread);

- when working with the proposed locking device there is no need for increased security measures.

The claimed device in comparison with the prototype has significant differences and provides high reliability and safety.

Claims (1)

A locking device comprising a retaining element, a destructible element and a device for destroying a destructible element, characterized in that the holding and destructible elements are separated, and a spring-loaded rod with a mounted communication element with a detachable object or structural element moving in the housing of the locking device perpendicularly is used as the holding element to the direction of overloads from the side of the detachable object, and as a destructible element, a thread fixing the rod is used in the holding position of the detachable object and tightly fitting due to the placement of the attachment points of the thread outside the cylindrical generatrix of the incandescent spiral and the tension device to the incandescent spiral located in the housing, while the destruction of the element (filament) is carried out by burning off while applying voltage to the incandescent spiral pyromedics and in the absence of separable parts.

Images