RU2307521C2 - Method for feeding sport horses - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fodder production.

SUBSTANCE: the present innovation deals with supplementing the main diet with a fodder additive once daily at 1.0-1.5 g/kg horse's body weight that contains reduced dry beet pulp, defluorinated tricalcium phosphate, dehydrated sodium sulfate, lysine, vitamins A, D₃, E, K, B₁, B₂, B₃, B₅, B₆, B₁₂, B_c, B_T, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, iodine, selenium, chromium, betaine, sorbitol, enzymatic preparations and antioxidant at the suggested weight ratio of components. The innovation makes it possible to apply dry beet pulp as a component of fodder additive that provides the horse with easily digestible energy, essential amino acids, vitamins and mineral substances.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of feeding.

5 cl, 1 ex, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to animal husbandry, and more particularly to horse breeding, as well as feed production.

The prior art method of feeding sports horses, which includes introducing into the main diet daily and in one dose at the rate of 1.0-1.5 g per kilogram of live weight of a horse a feed additive in the form of a mixture of feed component with mineral filler and premix, the feed component contains corn, molasses, regenerated milk, green feed protein, phospholipids, sucrose and glucose, as a mineral filler - monocalcium phosphate, and as a premix - vitamins A, D, E, B ₁ , B ₃ , B ₅ and B _s trace elements - iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt and iodine, as well as citric, succinic, glutamic acids and amino acid - lysine, and feed the feed additive on running days 2-3 hours before the performance, and on other days - for lunch feeding (author certificate SU - A1 - No. 1653714, 1991 [1]).

However, the use of corn and molasses in a well-known feed additive is not in good agreement with the main function of the feed additive, namely, in ensuring a balanced diet of sports horses, since the basic diet of sports horses, known from the prior art and used recently, during training and performances already includes ( depending on the season) from 8 to 10% of corn and 3% molasses, in other words, of the order of one and 0.5 kilograms per head per day, respectively (S.N. Khokhrin, Feeding cattle, sheep c, goats and horses, Reference manual, Publishing house "Profi KS", S.P., 2003, S. 444-445 [2]). Thus, the main diet of sports horses already contains several times more corn and molasses than in the well-known feed supplement.

Another disadvantage of the known feed additive is that it contains many expensive food products, including those necessary primarily for humans, namely sucrose, glucose, regenerated milk and phospholipids. This circumstance is a serious obstacle to the widespread use of the feed additive described above.

In addition, the use of monocalcium phosphate with an acid reaction as feed phosphate leads to an imbalance in the acid-base balance of the environment in the horse’s stomach, formed on the one hand by the digestive glands of the gastric juice with an acidity of 0.24%, and on the other hand, saliva having an alkaline reaction entering the stomach. A shift in the acid-base balance towards a decrease in the pH of the horse’s stomach negatively affects the digestibility of easily digestible carbohydrates (starch and sugar), as it reduces the duration of the action of the ptalin contained in the horse’s saliva, which is destroyed in an acidic environment. The above also applies to the organic acids contained in the premix of the known feed additive. It should also be noted here that sodium and chlorine have a significant effect on maintaining the acid-base balance in the horse's body, while sodium is the main source of sodium and chlorine for the horse. However, it is known (see [2] p.443) that during training and testing the need for sports horses in table salt increases by 80%. This leads to an imbalance in the horse's diet for chlorine, since it is necessary to take into account the synthetic lysine, which is a salt of hydrochloric acid, which is part of the premix.

As for the premix used in the well-known feed supplement, it does not provide the vitamin and mineral nutrition necessary for sports horses, namely it does not contain vitamins B ₂ , B ₆ , B ₁₂ and K, a trace element of selenium, which are part of the premix P72-1 For sports horses (see [2] p.227). Premix P72-1 also contains an antioxidant (Santokhin), which is absent in the known feed supplement.

The present invention is aimed at solving the technical problem of making it possible to use sports feeds as a feed component of a feed additive, a cheap dry beet pulp, while maintaining a high level of energy in the diet of sports horses, including by increasing the efficiency of the use of feed nutrients as well as ensuring a high balanced diet in terms of vitamins, micro and macro elements, including sodium, chlorine, fo sphora, calcium without disturbing the acid-base balance in the body.

The problem is solved in that in the method of feeding sports horses, which includes introducing into the main diet once a day at the rate of 1.0-1.5 g per kilogram of live weight of the horse feed additive in the form of a mixture of feed component with mineral filler and premix, containing vitamins A, D ₃ , E, B ₁ , B ₃ , B ₅ and B _s , trace elements - iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, iodine, as well as the amino acid - lysine, and feed feed supplement on running days for 2 -3 hours before the performance, and on other days - during lunch feeding, according to the invention On July, dry beet pulp, crushed to a particle size of 0.1-1.2 mm, is used as a feed component, defluorinated tricalcium phosphate and sodium sulfate dehydrated as a mineral filler, and the premix additionally contains vitamins B ₂ , B ₆ , B ₁₂ , B _T , K, trace elements selenium and chromium, sugar substitute sorbitol, enzyme preparations with cellulase, alpha-amylase, protease, beta-glucanase and xylanase activity, as well as antioxidant and betaine with the following weight ratio of components in the feed additive g / kg mixture:

Tricalcium phosphate defluorinated 80-110 Sodium Sulphate Dehydrated 45-75 Lysine 10-17 Vitamin A, thousand ME 60-80 Vitamin D ₃ , thousand IU 8-12 Vitamin E 0.1-0.2 Vitamin K 0.006-0.01 Vitamin B ₁ 0.04-0.06 Vitamin B ₂ 0.05-0.08 Vitamin B ₃ 0.04-0.06 Vitamin B ₅ 0.2-0.5 Vitamin B ₆ 0.01-0.03 Vitamin B ₁₂ 0.0001-0.0003 Vitamin B _s 0.003-0.005 Vitamin B _t 0.4-0.6 Iron 0.5-0.8 Copper 0.04-0.07 Zinc 0.2-0.4 Manganese 0.15-0.3 Cobalt 0.003-0.005 Iodine 0.003-0.005 Selenium 0.001-0.002 Chromium 0.01-0.02 Betaine 0.4-0.7 Sorbitol 1.5-2.5 Enzyme preparations 5.5-8.5 Antioxidant 0.3-0.5 Dry beet pulp up to 1000,

however, the feed additive is introduced into the main diet of horses cyclically, taking a break of 10-15 days after feeding for 25-35 days.

In addition, the task is solved in that:

- the premix of the feed additive as enzyme preparations in the ratio 1: (1.7-4.0) contains celloviridin G20x or xibeten-cel and amylosubtilin G3x;

- premix feed additives as an antioxidant contains anok;

- the premix of the feed additive additionally contains vitamin H in an amount of (1.5-2.5) · 10 ^-2 g / kg of the mixture;

- the premix of the feed additive further comprises a flavoring agent in an amount of 0.05-1.5 g / kg of the mixture;

- before feeding, the feed additive is soaked with water at room temperature in a weight ratio of 1: 3, mixed, allowed to stand for 30-40 minutes, and after repeated mixing, they are fed either in pure form or in a mixture with a concentrate selected from the group: oats, bran, compound feed.

Dry beet pulp is a cheap but good carbohydrate feed, which is widely used for feeding lactating cows, as well as fattening livestock of cattle and sheep (I.V. Petrukhin, Feed and feed additives, M., Rosagrapromizdat, 1969, p. 170 -171). The main indicators of dry beet pulp are shown in the table, which shows that this feed is a good source of carbohydrates (fiber, sugar, nitrogen-free extractives), lysine and mineral elements (calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, sulfur, iron, copper, zinc , manganese, iodine, selenium and chromium). Fiber dry beet pulp is capable of fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. Fermentation produces short chain fatty acids, an important source of energy for animals. The nutritional value of dry beet pulp is determined by the content of betaine (an anti-stress and antitoxic biologically active substance that promotes the regeneration of intestinal epithelium, improves the structure of muscle tissue, the work of the cardiovascular system and liver, which reduces energy costs for osmoregulation and 15–20% methionine consumption in the animal’s body.In addition, dry beet pulp contains methionine, cystine and glutamic acid, as well as pectin substances. ergium - 9.76 MJ / kg (for comparison, the specific exchange energy of wheat bran is 8.65 MJ / kg), as well as a high content of feed units - 0.85, dry beet pulp is of little use as feed for monogastric animals, since is an acidic feed (the pH of its 5% aqueous suspension is 5.7). As a result, when feeding it to horses, on the one hand, the acid-base balance in the horse’s body is disturbed (as noted above), and on the other hand, calcium is washed out and phosphorus from bone tissue, and as a result, venie bone disease in horses.

The proposed use of dry beet pulp together with tricalcium phosphate defluorinated in an appropriate weight ratio, which is 60-65% soluble in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid, has a pronounced alkaline reaction (a 5% aqueous solution of tricalcium phosphate defluorinated has a pH of 9.7 with a high buffer capacity), provides not only favorable conditions for the digestion of feed in the gastrointestinal tract of the horse, but also fully satisfies the horse’s increased need for calcium and phosphorus during the period of Inga and performances.

The introduction of sodium sulfate dehydrated into the feed supplement for sports horses is due to the following factors. As noted above, it is known (see [2] p. 433) that during training and testing, the need for sports horses in salt increases by 80%. However, this leads to an unbalancing of their diet for chlorine, since the lysine contained in dry beet pulp is 6.1 g / kg, chlorine is 1.7 g / kg, as well as synthetic lysine (which is a salt of hydrochloric acid) contained in the proposed feed additive ) lead to an increase in the level of chlorine in the diet. The introduction of dehydrated sodium sulfate into the feed additive, on the one hand, does not lead to an imbalance in the acid-base balance in the horse’s stomach, and, on the other hand, not only provides a balance of the diet of sports horses in sodium, but also completely satisfies the body’s need for an oxidized horse sulfur, the lack of which in the horse’s body would be compensated by oxidation of methionine, which is extremely necessary for it.

The relationship between dry beet pulp and tricalcium phosphate defluorinated was determined empirically on three groups of horses with 8 animals each. Tests were conducted for 200 days. The first group received a feed additive to the main diet containing crushed dry beet pulp, tricalcium phosphate defluorinated and premix P72-1 for sports horses, the composition of which is given in [2], p.227. The second group received a feed additive to the main diet containing crushed dry beet pulp, monocalcium phosphate and premix P72-1. The third group received crushed dry beet pulp and premix P72-1 for the main diet, while before feeding the feed additive was soaked (unlike the first and second groups) not in pure water, but in ammonia water. In the latter case, the main diet was also adjusted so that the nutritional value of the diet was the same for all groups of horses.

To determine the effect of sodium sulfate dehydrated on the consumption of sports horses during training and table salt performances, the fourth experimental group of horses was formed, which received a feed additive containing crushed dry beet pulp, tricalcium phosphate defluorinated and sodium sulfate dehydrated and premix P72-1 to the main diet. while (unlike the first three groups in which table salt was given plenty), the table salt norm in the diet of horses of this group remained unchanged Depending on the size of the physical loads acting on them.

The results of x-ray diagnostic measurements showed the absence of any changes in bone tissue in horses of the first and fourth groups. In the second group, three horses showed minor changes in the bone tissue, and only one horse in the third group showed similar changes in the bone tissue. As for the fourth group, during the experiment, there were no known manifestations in animals of a lack of salt in the period during heavy physical exertion, or during the rest of the animals. In horses of the first and fourth groups, an increase in the digestibility of dietary nutrients during the experiment ranged from 4 to 5 percent. The digestibility of the diet in horses of the second and third groups during the experiment decreased monotonously, while in horses of the second group the decrease in the digestibility of the diet was the largest and amounted to 8-12% by the end of the experiment (see table 1).

Thus, it was established that dry beet pulp can be used in the method of feeding sports horses in certain proportions together with tricalcium phosphate defluorinated and sodium sulfate dehydrated, which allows without a detrimental effect on the digestibility of all components of the diet to provide a high level of energy in the diet and fully satisfy the horse’s calcium requirement phosphorus, as well as in sodium and oxidized sulfur, which is the main factor determining compliance proposals for patentability - inventive step.

An additional introduction to the well-known premix of vitamins B ₂ , B ₆ , B ₁₂ and K, a trace element - selenium, as well as an antioxidant is due to the presence of these components in the well-established premix P72-1. The content in the dry beet pulp of betaine (a substance necessary for normal metabolism in the horse’s body, which cannot synthesize methyl groups itself, but extracts them from the feed), as shown by studies, is insufficient for sports horses. In this connection, an additional amount of betaine - BZTAFIN S1 - was introduced into the proposed premix. Similarly, it was found that the content of chromium in dry beet pulp (involved in the formation of bone tissue, red blood cells, in the exchange of glucose, fats and proteins) is also insufficient for sports horses. In this regard, an additional amount of chromium was introduced into the proposed premix.

The presence in the premix of a feed additive known from the prototype, sucrose and glucose and the absence of sugars in the premix P72-1 necessitated the introduction of a sugar substitute - sorbitol, which is involved in energy metabolism, stimulates the appetite and secretion of pancreatic juice, and as a diuretic promotes the secretion of waste from the body metabolism.

As for the introduction of vitamin B _t (L-carnitine) into the proposed premium, the studies have shown that using it in a certain weight ratio together with betaine significantly increases the endurance of sports horses, as well as accelerates muscle recovery after training and competitions. So, there was not a single case of sports horses leaving the race before the end of the races after this group of horses began to introduce the proposed feed supplement with vitamin B _t , but without additional synthetic betaine, into the diet for 45-55 days. The same result was achieved in another group of sports horses already 12-16 days after the proposed feed supplement was introduced into their diet, in other words, together betaine and vitamin B _t in a ratio of 1: (1.0-1.1 ) This fact is another factor confirming the compliance of the proposed technical solution with the patentability condition - inventive step. The introduction of vitamin B _t into the diet of sports horses necessitated the introduction of breaks for 10-15 days after feeding the proposed feed additive for 25-35 days in order to exclude the accumulation of D-carnitine synthesized by him in the horse's body. However (during the entire 200 day observation period for the above groups of animals), the cyclic effect of introducing the proposed feed additive on the endurance they acquired into the main diet of sports horses was not revealed.

To ensure the availability of energy and protein from the feed, as well as to increase the digestibility of feed nutrients (which is especially important for sports horses during their training and performances, when it is impossible to increase, or even reduce the amount of dry matter consumed by a horse per unit of its live weight) enzyme preparations are introduced into the premix of the proposed cortical supplement. In a preferred embodiment of the method, enzyme preparations are used in the ratio 1: (1.7-4.0) celloviridin G20x or xibeten-cel and amylosubtilin G3x.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, anok is used as an antioxidant, which has a number of advantages over Santokhin, used in the premix P72-1. In principle, other known antioxidants can be used in the proposed feed additive.

To give the feed additive an aroma that enhances the release of saliva and, consequently, improves the digestibility of carbohydrates and protein in the gastrointestinal tract (in a preferred embodiment of the invention), the premix of the feed additive further comprises a flavoring agent in an amount of 0.05-1.5 g per kilogram feed additives (see, for example, S. G. Kuznetsov and T. S. Kuznetsova, Regulation of consumption and ways to increase the efficiency of feed use in animal husbandry. Agricultural Biology, M., 2000, pp. 19-30).

In a preferred embodiment of the invention (due to the high cost of the vitamin), the feed additive is supplemented with vitamin H in an amount of 15-25 mg per kilogram of feed additive, which plays a significant role in the metabolism and formation of the ungulate, which is especially important for sports horses.

The proposed feed additive is a good source of metabolic energy - 7.8 MJ / kg, crude protein - 75 g / kg, crude fiber - 150 g / kg, crude fat - 2.2 g / kg, lysine, macro and micronutrients, and also vitamins. In other words, an additional technical result, which consists in expanding the arsenal of feed additives, is achieved by obtaining a feed additive, which helps to provide the body of sports horses with easily digestible energy, essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals, reduce the formation of free radicals and aggressive forms of oxygen in the body, and the population of pathogenic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, activation of energy and lipid metabolism, motor and secretory activity digestive tract, increased digestibility of fiber, starch and protein, digestibility of macro- and micronutrients, increased anti-stress and antitoxic effects, resistance of the body to diseases, a significant increase in blood levels of hemoglobin and red blood cells. The results of the study of blood serum of the control and experimental groups of horses (breed "Russian horse") at the age of two years for 200 days are shown in table 2. In addition, the use of the proposed feed additives contributes to the optimal formation of musculoskeletal tissue and hoof, increase bone density and teeth, working capacity and playfulness of horses, fast muscle recovery after intense physical exertion.

Example. Two groups of horses of Kabardian breed at the age of eight years, 9 animals each, took part in the 160 km race. The first group for three weeks before the run received the main diet of hay, oats, monocalcium phosphate - 30 g, carrots and salt. The horses of the second group with a live weight of 405-490 kg received, in addition to the above main diet, 0.5 kg of the proposed feed additive containing the following components in g: tricalcium phosphate defluorinated - 50.0, sodium sulfate dehydrated - 25.0, lysine - 6, 5, vitamin A - 0.036 (36 thousand IU), vitamin D ₃ - 0.01 (5 thousand IU), vitamin E - 0.08, vitamin K - 0.005, vitamin B ₁ - 0.024, vitamin B ₂ - 0.032 , vitamin B ₃ - 0.024, vitamin B ₅ - 0.15, vitamin B ₆ - 0.008, vitamin B ₁₂ - 0.0001, vitamin B _s - 0.002, vitamin B _t - 0.25, vitamin H - 0.01, iron - 0.3, copper - 0.025, zinc - 0.15, manganese - 0.1, cobalt - 0.002, iodine - 0.0025, Helen - 0.0007, chromium - 0.01, betaine - 0.3, sorbitol - 1.0, celloviridine G20x - 1.2, amylosubtilin G3x - 2.5, anok - 0.2, flavor ("Apple" ) - 0.05, dry beet pulp - 412.0. Feeding additives were fed once a day for lunch feeding. Horses ran the most debilitating distance for sports horses of 160 km in 30 km stages with 30 min intervals between stages. In between the stages, the veterinary committee evaluated the physical characteristics of horses by dehydration, pulse, muscle condition (soreness), and intestinal motility. Seven percent of horses in the first group showed deviations from the norm, and in horses of the second group all physical characteristics were normal. The horses of the second group showed an average speed at a distance of 20-22 km / h. This average speed is 10% higher than the average speed of horses that only the main diet received.

The prior art does not know the technical solutions, characterized by the same set of essential features as claimed. In other words, the proposal meets the condition of patentability - novelty.

The invention is industrial, since the feed additive is obtained on a standard premix production line, which includes a number of metal bins with screw and sluice feeders for each of the components of the mixture.In addition, a load-measuring tensometric hopper, a crusher for grinding salts of trace elements and dry beet pulp are used. Dry beet pulp is crushed to a particle size of 0.1-1.2 mm, which makes it possible to obtain a uniform feed additive that does not delaminate during transportation and storage. The use of sodium sulfate dehydrated allows to reduce its weight content in the feed additive. Mixing trisodium phosphate defluorinated, sodium sulfate dehydrated and premix with crushed dry beet pulp is carried out in a U3-DPS-0.5 mixer for 4 minutes at 30-35 rpm.

Before feeding, the feed additive is soaked in a container (in a weight ratio of 1: 3) with room temperature water so that it is 2-3 cm below the water level. After 5-7 minutes, the resulting mixture is stirred. After mixing, add water so that it is 1-2 cm higher than the level of the additive. Let stand for 30-40 minutes, mix, and then either in pure form or mixed with concentrate (oats or hay or bran, or compound feed) are fed to horses in within 25-35 days. Then take a break in the use of feed additives for 10-15 days, after which the cycle is repeated. The number of cycles is not limited. The feed additive is introduced into the diet of sports horses once a day at the rate of 1.0-1.5 g per kilogram of live weight of the horse.

Table 1 Indicators In 1 kg of natural substance Moisture,% 10.5 Air-dry substance,% 93.3 Solubility in water at 125 C,% 6.2 PH 5% solution 5.7 Hygroscopicity of pulp Not hygroscopic Exchange energy, MJ 9.78 Feed units 0.85 Crude protein, g 96 Crude fiber, g 190 Crude Fat, g 2,8 Crude ash, g 33 Nitrogen-free extractive substances 575 Lysine, g 6.1 Sugar, g 38 Calcium g 6.0 Phosphorus, g 0.8 Magnesium g 2.6 Sodium, g 2.0 Potassium g 5.3 Sulfur, g 2.1 Iron mg 200 Copper mg fourteen Zinc mg 10 Manganese, mg 70 Cobalt, mg 0.4 Iodine, mg 1.7 Selenium mg 0.1 Chromium mg 2.0

table 2 indicators Units Control group Start of experience End of experience Start of experience End of experience Hemoglobin G / 100 ml 13.9 13.6 13.3 14.2 Red blood cells Mill / mm ³ 9.9 8.9 10.1 10.5 Gamma globulins % 10.0 8.9 10.0 15.0 Alkaline phosphatase U / L 70.5 80.5 90.8 195.6 Creatine kinase U / L 115.9 206.45 120.1 241.2 Glucose Mmol / l 2.77 2.86 2.7 3.28 Creatinine Mmol / l 180.0 187.0 160.9 215.5 Urea Mmol / l 7.12 8.55 5.29 6.27 Triglycerin Mmol / l 0.25 0.18 0.49 0.67 Calcium Mmol / l 2.60 2.45 2.64 2.74 Phosphorus Mmol / l 1.3 1.32 1.38 1,53 Reserve alkalinity Vol% / CO ₂ 47.39 49.28 48.9 55.55

Claims (6)

1. The method of feeding sports horses, including the introduction into the main diet once a day at the rate of 1.0-1.5 g per kilogram of live weight of the horse feed additive in the form of a mixture of feed component with a mineral filler and premix containing vitamins A, D ₃ , E, B ₁ , B ₃ , B ₅ and B _s , trace elements - iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, iodine, as well as amino acid - lysine, and feed additives are fed on running days 2-3 hours before the performance , and on other days - during lunch feeding, characterized in that as a feed component isp zuyut milled to particle size 0.1-1.2 mm dry beet pulp, as mineral filler - tricalcium phosphate and sodium defluorinated sulfuric acid dewatered and premix additionally contains vitamins B _2, B _6, B _{12, t,} K trace elements selenium and chromium, sugar substitute sorbitol, enzyme preparations with cellulase, alpha-amylase, protease, beta-glucanase and xylanase activity, as well as antioxidant and betaine, in the following weight ratio of the components in the feed additive, g / kg mixture: Tricalcium phosphate defluorinated 80-110 Sodium Sulfuric Acid Dehydrated 45-75 Lysine 10-17 Vitamin A, thousand ME 60-80 Vitamin D ₃ , thousand IU 8-12 Vitamin E 0.1-0.2 Vitamin K 0.006-0.01 Vitamin B ₁ 0.04-0.06 Vitamin B ₂ 0.05-0.08 Vitamin B ₃ 0.04-0.06 Vitamin B ₅ 0.2-0.5 Vitamin B ₆ 0.01-0.03 Vitamin B ₁₂ 0.0001-0.0003 Vitamin B _c 0.003-0.005 Vitamin B _t 0.4-0.6 Iron 0.5-0.8 Copper 0.04-0.07 Zinc 0.2-0.4 Manganese 0.15-0.3 Cobalt 0.003-0.005 Iodine 0.003-0.005 Selenium 0.001-0.002 Chromium 0.01-0.02 Betaine 0.4-0.7 Sorbitol 1.5-2.5 Enzyme preparations 5.5-8.5 Antioxidant 0.3-0.5 Dry beet pulp up to 1000 however, the feed additive is introduced into the main diet of horses cyclically, taking a break of 10-15 days after feeding for 25-35 days. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the premix of the feed additive as enzyme preparations in a ratio of 1: (1.7-4.0) contains celloviridin G20x or xibeten-cel and amylosubtilin G3x. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the premix of the feed additive as an antioxidant contains anok. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the premix of the feed additive further comprises vitamin H in an amount of (1.5-2.5) 10 ^-2 g / kg of the mixture. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the premix of the feed additive further comprises a flavoring agent in an amount of 0.05-1.5 g / kg of the mixture. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that before feeding the feed additive is soaked with water at room temperature in a weight ratio of 1: 3, mixed, allowed to stand for 30-40 minutes, and after repeated mixing, they are fed either in pure form or in a mixture with a concentrate selected from the group: oats, bran, compound feed.