RU2303684C1 - Building unit with heat-controlled pneumatic facade - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction, particularly production of multilayered building blocks provided with pneumatic structural members used for building and building structure wall erection and having ability of heat conductive properties change in response to ambient temperature change.

SUBSTANCE: building unit comprises concrete layer made of concrete mix preferably based on rigid cement and heat insulation layer. Concrete layer is box-like member with faces defining cavity for heat-insulation layer receiving. Heat-insulation layer is made as sealed bag of air-tight elastic material. The bag is secured inside the cavity and has inlet and outlet orifices provided with two chambers. The first chamber has mechanical thermocontroller to close outlet orifice if ambient temperature is greater than predetermined temperature value and one-way valve. The one-way valve opens in the case of decreased ambient air pressure. The second chamber has the second mechanical thermocontroller to close inlet orifice if ambient temperature is below predetermined temperature value and one-way valve. The one-way valve opens in the case of increased ambient air pressure.

EFFECT: improved heat-insulation properties and possibility of building block usage as load-bearing member.

6 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to construction, in particular, it can be used in the manufacture of multilayer building blocks with pneumatic structural elements used in the construction of walls of buildings and structures with the ability to change their heat-conducting properties depending on the ambient temperature.

Known pneumatic construction, analogue, as USSR No. 1067162, cl. Е04Н 15/20, dated 1983, including an air-bearing power shell, a fabric-film insulation, an air handling unit and an anchor base suspended from it. The disadvantage of this analogue as. No. 1067162, Е04В 1/345 is that special devices are required for the anchor base, which, when fixed, for example, on a vertical wall of a building, significantly complicates the design.

A technical solution is known (the closest analogue is the prototype) - see Patent No. 2208102 "Concrete building block", Е04С 1/40, dated 2001.12.17, which describes a concrete building block including a face layer, concrete building layers and a porous located between them thermal insulation layer, while the front layer is made of a mixture of cement, expanded clay, sand and water.

The disadvantage of this prototype according to patent No. 2208102 is that the multilayer concrete block has a constant thermal conductivity, depending on the thickness and properties of the materials from which it is made. Therefore, in winter, when the temperature is below zero, and in spring, autumn, and cool summers when the temperature is comfortable for a person, and in hot summers when the temperature exceeds comfortable, the multilayer concrete block does not respond to temperature conditions. The multilayer concrete block has constant thermal conductivity and always equally passes heat to the outside or inside the room, not complying with the comfort requirements for a person indoors. This necessitates the use of energy-intensive heating or cooling systems and appropriate indoor air conditioning.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a building block having not only the properties of the building structure element to withstand loads and resist heat transfer through the wall, but also having the properties of devices designed to change the heat conductivity without constant use of an external energy source, and mainly due to periodic differences in air temperature and atmospheric pressure, constantly occurring over time.

The technical effect is achieved by the fact that the building block with a thermally-controlled pneumatic facade, containing a heat-insulating layer and a concrete layer based on predominantly hard cement mortars, which is made in the form of a concrete duct, the edges of which form a cavity in which a heat-insulating layer is placed, which is made in the form of an airtight bag of elastic and air-tight material, the bag is fixed in the cavity and has an outlet and inlet, respectively equipped with two cameras - the first camera is equipped on the first mechanical temperature regulator for the possibility of blocking the outlet at an outdoor temperature above a predetermined and unidirectional valve, having the ability to open the valve at a reduced air pressure outside the unit, and the second chamber is equipped with a second mechanical temperature regulator for blocking the inlet at an outside temperature below the set and unidirectional valve, with the ability to open the valve at high air pressure outside the unit.

A building block with a temperature-controlled pneumatic facade can have channel openings in the outer layer to accommodate two chambers with mechanical temperature controllers and unidirectional valves.

A building block with a temperature-controlled pneumatic facade can have two chambers that are placed on the moving part of the bag.

A building block with a temperature-controlled pneumatic facade can have a filler inside the bag to reduce heat transfer, for example, a perforated reflective film, bonded in the form of a gathering in a dense multilayer bundle or a stretching garland.

A building block with a temperature-controlled pneumatic facade can be equipped with a mechanical temperature regulator of the first chamber, which is configured to block the unidirectional valve in the locked state at an outdoor temperature above + 10 ... 15 ° С.

A building block with a temperature-controlled pneumatic facade can be equipped with a mechanical temperature regulator of the second chamber, which is configured to block the unidirectional valve in the locked state at an outdoor temperature below + 10 ... 15 ° С.

A building block with a temperature-controlled pneumatic facade is equipped with a sensor for changing atmospheric pressure, unidirectional valves of the first and second chambers are equipped with an electromagnetic amplifier electrically connected to the specified sensor.

A building block with a temperature-controlled pneumatic facade has an installed solar battery and an electric power accumulator on the front surface of the unit, which are electrically connected with each other and with an atmospheric pressure change sensor and an electromagnetic amplifier.

The building block with a temperature-controlled pneumatic facade for the possibility of an emergency change in the thermal conductivity of the block is equipped with a compressor pump with a valve-distributing device and an air duct.

Thus, in the present invention, an inflatable heat-shielding layer in the form of a bag of elastic sealed material located in the cavity of the building block is used, and a unidirectional valve device responding to fluctuations in atmospheric pressure and air temperature is used as a device organizing unidirectional air movement in the bag. The first unidirectional valve device completely releases the bag from the air in the summer, the bag is compressed against the opposite walls, while the resistance to heat transfer of the face unit is reduced. The second unidirectional valve device fills the bag to the limit with air in the winter, the bag inflates to the largest size, and accordingly, the heat transfer resistance of the front block increases.

The design of the first unidirectional valve device with which the bag is completely free of air can be any, for example, such as it is described in published application 2002.06.20 RU number 2000115294/14 Inhalation device and method of inhalation, cl. A61M 15/00, that is, such a unidirectional valve as the outlet of the face mask is provided to prevent inhalation through this hole.

The design of the second unidirectional valve device, with which the bag is filled to the limit with air, can also be any, for example, such as it is described in the same published application number 2000115294/14, that is, such a unidirectional valve, which is provided with an inlet of the face mask to prevent exhale through this hole.

For greater reliability of unidirectional valve devices, they can be equipped with additional electromagnetic amplifiers. A known design of an electromagnet, for example, in the form of a solenoid with a movable ferromagnetic core, unlocking or locking valve. Electromagnetic amplifiers are electrically connected to atmospheric pressure change sensors and a rechargeable battery from a solar battery, mounted on the front side of the unit.

The design of the first unidirectional valve device should be blocked by a mechanical thermostatic valve in the closed state at an ambient temperature below plus 10 ... 15 ° С, and the design of the second unidirectional valve device should be blocked by a mechanical thermostatic valve in the closed state at an ambient temperature above plus 10 .. .15 ° C. Mechanical temperature-controlled valves are widely known and used, for example, in energy-saving thermal control systems US Pat. No. 4700887, F24F 7/00, publ. 10.20.1987. Also known is the system of thermoregulation RU патент G05B 13/00, publ. 03/27/1999.

A known analogue of the proposed invention, the wall according to patent RU No. 2151844 The wall of a building, structure, class. ЕВВ 2/04, dated 1999.11.15, which also relates to the field of construction, namely, to wall structures of predominantly residential buildings and other structures with ensuring the operational properties of the wall specified by the current requirements for building heat engineering. The objective of the known closest analogue is to increase the heat-shielding properties of the structure while ensuring self-regulation of the humidity regime in the room enclosed by the walls, creating a favorable ecological environment, and also reducing the laboriousness of erecting walls while maintaining the specified strength and durability. This is achieved by the fact that in the predominantly external wall of the building, comprising a structural layer arranged sequentially along its thickness, a heat-insulating layer of insulation and an internal finishing layer, the structural layer is formed of interconnected blocks of polystyrene concrete and / or cellular concrete and / or foam ceramics and / or in the form of a monolithic and / or prefabricated monolithic bearing or self-supporting structure made of a material with the same thermal performance as the blocks, the structural layer being made with a thickness equal to 4-6 thicknesses of the heat-insulating layer, with the location of the "dew point" inside the structural layer while ensuring self-regulation of the humidity regime of the room enclosed by the wall, and the thermal conductivity resistance of the structural layer of the wall at any point is not less than the thermal conductivity of the material of the blocks forming it and / or monolithic layer at the same point. Moreover, a regular or roll insulation contacting with the structural layer and laid with the formation of channels for utilities can be used as insulation, and the inner finishing layer can be made of air and / or moisture-permeable material, mainly gypsum board, installed in the design position in one and / or more layers by wall area.

The disadvantage of the closest analogue of the wall is the impossibility of dynamically changing its heat engineering parameters for the effective use of temperature and pressure fluctuations in the air for more economical and high-quality maintenance of the temperature regime inside the room.

This is achieved by the fact that in the predominantly external wall of the building, containing a structural layer arranged sequentially along its thickness, a heat-insulating layer of insulation and an internal finishing layer, the structural layer is formed of interconnected blocks with a thermally-controlled pneumatic facade that can be connected to a vacuum or injection air to the mains of the compressor pump. The design of the proposed block with a thermostatic pneumatic facade and a wall of these blocks are illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

In Fig.1 - the unit in the state pulled inward pneumatic facade in the warm season.

Figure 2 - block in the state of the extended pneumatic facade in the cold season.

Figures 3 and 4 show sections of a building block with a temperature-controlled pneumatic facade in two extreme positions (summer and winter positions, respectively) of the pneumatic insulation layer, where the same designations are used as indicated in Figures 1 and 2.

Figures 5 and 6 show fragments of walls in which building blocks with a temperature-controlled pneumatic facade are laid in two extreme positions of the pneumatic insulation layer, respectively, in the summer position of Fig. 5 and the winter position of Fig. 6.

Figure 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 shows the building blocks with a thermally-controlled pneumatic facade with the main structural elements, where it is indicated:

(1) - a concrete layer based on predominantly hard cement mortars is made in the form of a box, the edges of which form a cavity, divided into two parts by a concrete partition for the strength of the block;

(2) - sealed bags of elastic and air-tight material, the bag is fixed in the cavity and has (3) and (4) - outlet and inlet openings on the front surface of the block;

(5) - a filler to reduce heat transfer, for example, a perforated reflective film, bonded in the form of a gathering in a dense multilayer bundle or a stretching garland;

(6) - the mechanical temperature regulator of the first chamber, which is configured to block the unidirectional valve in the locked state at an outdoor temperature above + 10 ... 15 ° C;

(7) - a unidirectional valve of the first chamber having the ability to open at reduced air pressure outside the unit;

(8) - channel hole in the outer layer connecting the outlet of the bag and the outlet (3) on the front surface of the block;

(9) - a mechanical temperature regulator of the second chamber, which is configured to block the unidirectional valve in the locked state at an outdoor temperature below + 10 ... 15 ° C;

(10) - a unidirectional valve of the second chamber having the ability to open at high air pressure outside the unit;

(11) - a channel hole in the outer layer connecting the inlet of the bag and the inlet (4) on the front surface of the block;

(12) - a pipe with a valve for emergency pumping with air of a pneumatic facade.

Works building block for air purification as follows.

With fluctuations in atmospheric air pressure, a unidirectional air flow occurs through any one channel hole, which is not blocked by a mechanical temperature regulator.

In the warm season (see Figure 3), the inlet (3) is blocked by a mechanical temperature controller (9), and the outlet (4) on the front surface of the block is unlocked by a mechanical temperature controller (6). When the atmospheric pressure decreases, the unidirectional valve (7) forcibly opens the hole (4), and when the atmospheric pressure increases, the unidirectional valve (7) forcibly closes the hole (4). For more reliable operation of the valve (7), it can be equipped with an additional electromagnetic amplifier electrically connected to the pressure sensor and a rechargeable battery from the solar battery located on the front side of the unit. Thus, at a positive temperature above +10 ... + 15 ° С with decreasing atmospheric pressure, the hole (4) is open, air from the elastic airtight bag (2) enters the atmosphere. With increasing atmospheric pressure in the warm season with a plus temperature above +10 ... + 15 ° C, when the outlet (4) is unlocked on the front surface of the unit, the unidirectional valve (7) is closed. In this case, due to the pressure difference arising outside and inside the bag and the impossibility of air penetrating from the atmosphere into the bag, the elastic airtight material (2) is pressed by force from this pressure difference to the bottom of the concrete box cavity until the pressure inside and outside the bag is equalized. The process of compressing the bag continues until the maximum possible release of the bag from the air, while the thermal conductivity of the block is maximum and most favorable for maintaining comfortable temperature conditions indoors during the warmer months.

In the cold season from the beginning of the heating season, for example, starting from a temperature below +10 ... + 15 ° C (see Figure 4), the outlet (4) is blocked by a mechanical temperature regulator (6), and a temperature regulator is blocked by a mechanical temperature regulator (6) (9) the inlet (3) is unlocked on the front surface of the unit. With increasing atmospheric pressure, the unidirectional valve (10) forcibly opens the hole (3), air from the atmosphere enters the elastic airtight bag (2) until the pressures equalize inside and outside the bag. When atmospheric pressure decreases, the unidirectional valve (10) forcibly closes the hole (3) and prevents air from entering the bag from the outside into the atmosphere, and a pressure drop occurs outside and inside the bag. The resulting force as a result of the pressure difference pushes the elastic airtight material (2) from the bottom of the cavity of the concrete box until the pressure is equalized inside and outside the bag. The process of stretching the bag occurs in steps and is repeated many times in phases of lowering atmospheric pressure in a cycle of atmospheric air vibrations. The stretching of the bag continues until it is filled with air as much as possible, while the thermal conductivity of the block becomes minimal and most favorable for maintaining comfortable temperature conditions indoors during the cold season.

In the event of a cold snap and the need for emergency warming of the room by pneumatically filling the building blocks with air, without waiting for repeated cyclical changes in atmospheric pressure, a channel opening with a shut-off valve (12) is provided, see Figs. 3 and 4. With the open valve of the channel opening (12), air from the compressor through a system of hoses under pressure through the specified hole (12) is briefly fed into the cavity of the bag of the building block to achieve maximum stretching of the bag, ensuring vayuschego greatest resistance to heat transfer through the wall of the building blocks.

In the event of heat, it is possible to use atmospheric temperature fluctuations during the day for emergency room cooling by releasing the pneumatic facade of building blocks from the air at night, or by pneumatically pumping the facade of building blocks by air during the daytime without waiting for multiple cyclic changes in atmospheric pressure. In this case, the provided channel hole with a shut-off valve (12) can also be used; see Figs. 3 and 4. In the morning and evening, when the valve of the channel hole (12) is briefly opened, the building blocks are connected in the morning to the pump-compressor line with a compressed air, and at night to the vacuum line of the pump-compressor. Under the action of vacuum or compressed air through the specified hole (12), air is pumped or pumped into the cavity of the bag of the building block, respectively, until the bag reaches the minimum or maximum size, which provides the least or greatest resistance to heat transfer through the wall from these building blocks. A compressor pump with a line switch and hoses for supplying compressed air or air vacuum to building blocks with a thermostatically controlled pneumatic facade are not conventionally shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.

Thus, the effect of saving energy spent on cooling the air in the room during the hot season and on heating the air during the heating season in the cold season is achieved.

All blocks laid in the wall of the building or only part of them can have the design of the proposed building block with a thermally-controlled pneumatic facade with dimensions unified with the dimensions of blocks of another design.

Claims (6)

1. A building block with a temperature-controlled pneumatic facade, containing a concrete layer based on predominantly hard cement mortars and a heat-shielding layer, characterized in that the concrete layer is made in the form of a duct, the edges of which form a cavity in which the heat-shielding layer is placed, which is made in the form of a sealed bag of elastic and air-tight material, the bag is fixed in the cavity and has an outlet and inlet, respectively equipped with two cameras - the first camera is equipped with the first mechanical a temperature regulator for the possibility of blocking the outlet at an outdoor temperature above a predetermined and unidirectional valve, having the ability to open the valve at a reduced air pressure outside the unit, and the second chamber is equipped with a second mechanical temperature regulator for blocking the inlet at an outside temperature below the set and unidirectional valve, having the ability to open the valve at high air pressure outside the unit. 2. A building block with a temperature-controlled pneumatic facade according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer layer has channel openings for accommodating two chambers with mechanical temperature controllers and unidirectional valves. 3. The building block with a temperature-controlled pneumatic facade according to claim 1, characterized in that two chambers with mechanical temperature controllers and unidirectional valves are placed on the moving part of the bag. 4. The building block with a thermostatic pneumatic facade according to claim 1, characterized in that a filler is located inside the bag to reduce heat transfer, for example, a perforated reflective film, bonded in the form of a gathering in a dense multilayer bundle or a stretching garland. 5. The building block with a temperature-controlled pneumatic facade according to claim 1, characterized in that the first chamber is equipped with a first mechanical temperature controller that is configured to block the unidirectional valve in the locked state at an outdoor temperature above 10-15 ° C. 6. The building block with a thermostatic pneumatic facade according to claim 1, characterized in that the second chamber is equipped with a second mechanical thermostat, which is configured to block the unidirectional valve in the locked state at an outdoor temperature below 10-15 ° C.

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