RU2303585C1 - Method for building and building structure facade cleaning - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction, particularly to treat surfaces formed of natural and artificial stones, ceramic materials, as well as metal and glass surfaces, namely to clean building facade and interior of salt, deposits from atmospheric precipitations, soot, oxides, oil and during building restoration.

SUBSTANCE: method involves performing mechanical surface cleaning; treating the surface with aqueous detergent solution; leaving the surface as it is; washing the surface with water; drying the surface and applying waterproofing agent on the surface in at least two passes. First of all nature of surface contamination is determined and detergent is selected from the nature of contamination. Detergent may be of acid type and includes hydrochloric or phosphoric acid in amount of 0.45-0.6 g/ml, butyl cellosolve in amount of 0-0.05 g/ml and water added to 1 ml; or alkyl benzene sulfonic or formic acid in amount of 0.15-10.8 g/ml, trichloroethylene and water added to 1 ml. Detergent also may be of alkaline type and comprises NaOH in amount of 0.015-0.23 g/ml, KOH in amount of 0-0.2 g/ml, neonol in amount of 0-0.055 g/ml, monoethanolamine in amount of 0-0.17 g/ml, Trilon A + Trilon B in amount of 0.0045-0.02 g/ml, alkylpolyglycoside in amount of 0-0.35 g/ml, white spirit in amount of 0-0.15 g/ml, butyl cellosolve in amount of 0-0.035 g/ml and water added to 1 ml. After surface treatment the surface is left as it is for not more than 60 sec. During waterproofing agent application before the second pass the surface is left as it is for time necessary for total absorption of waterproofing agent applied on the surface during the first pass. Waterproofing agent includes silicone compound in amount of 0.05 g/ml, butyl cellosolve in amount of 0-0.05 g/ml and water added to 1 ml.

EFFECT: increased cleaning efficiency and prevention of repeated surface contamination.

3 cl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to the construction industry, in particular to methods for surface treatment of natural and artificial stones, ceramic materials, metal and glass surfaces, and can be used to clean facades and interiors of buildings from efflorescence, atmospheric pollution, soot, oxides, oil oils, and also restoration work.

A known method of sandblasting building facades, in which the contaminated layer is removed from the surface of the facade by exposure to a dry sand jet supplied from a sandblasting apparatus. Dry sifted sand is used for cleaning. After cleaning, dust and sand are removed by brushing the surface with brushes or compressed air (Manual on the organization of labor in the repair and construction works. Part 3. Repair of facades. Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR. M., 1982, p. 66-67).

During mechanical cleaning, a layer of the main material is removed from the surface to be cleaned to a depth of 15 mm, polluting the atmosphere. This ensures that only dust is cleaned, dirt penetrating deep into the surface is not removed, which often does not allow to improve the appearance of the treated surface.

A known method of cleaning surfaces, in particular chimneys, applying to the surface of the washing solution, composition, wt.%: Sodium carbonate 19-23, trisodium phosphate 14-16, sodium hydroxide 12-14, sodium metasilicate 39-42, nonionic surfactant 2-5, water up to 100. The washing solution may additionally contain alkylammonium or alkylpyridinium halide in an amount of 0.2-0.8 wt.%. 30-45 minutes after applying the detergent, the surface to be cleaned is rinsed with water at a temperature of 50-60 ° C (RU 2010844 C1, C09D 1/66, 1994).

The known method has limited application - cleaning surfaces from plaque deposits of smoke.

A known method of cleaning the facades and interiors of buildings during restoration work, as well as cleaning insulators in the energy system (RU 2100325 C1, C04B 41/53. 1997). The method includes surface treatment with an aqueous solution containing nitric acid, trisodium polyphosphate, potassium iodide, sodium chloride, a component from the group: copolymers of vinyl butyl ether with vinyl ether of ethylene glycol and / or diethylene glycol or with N-vinyl pyrrolidone, or with acrylamide, polyvinyl vinyl polyvinyl vinyl , polyacrylamide, carboxymethyl cellulose. The method allows you to effectively clean the treated surface.

But this method does not prevent the rapid re-contamination of the treated surfaces due to the migration of salts from the deep layers and their subsidence on the surface in the form of secondary efflorescences.

The closest analogue is the method for processing buildings and products from concrete and reinforced concrete RU 2267474 C2, C04B 41/48, 10.01.2006. The method includes mechanical and then chemical cleaning and applying a protective composition to the surface. During chemical cleaning, the surface of the product is treated with the Hostess or P-XXI surfactant detergent until it is visually clean, after which a neutralizing composition Antisol or its aqueous solution is applied in an amount of 100-200 g / m ² with the ratio Antisol ": water, 1: 1-1: 20. Then the surface is washed with a large amount of water until neutral, dried and once on a dry surface, until the absorption ceases to be absorbed, the surface treated is applied with a colorless or color hydrophobizing composition "Hydroshield Super" or its aqueous solution in a ratio of 1: 0.5 -1: 2.

The known method provides protected surfaces with high moisture and frost resistant properties and, as a result, with high water resistance, durability, resistance to the appearance of efflorescence, to the effects of vapors, soot, dirt, oils, acids, alkalis.

However, the known method is multi-operational, characterized by a sufficiently long duration, the use of a large number of reagents when treating surfaces of a limited range (concrete and reinforced concrete) and a large flow of water when washing the surface to a neutral reaction.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a method for cleaning the facades and interiors of buildings and structures, free from these shortcomings of the closest analogue while providing highly efficient cleaning of surfaces of various nature and protect them from repeated pollution.

This problem is solved due to the fact that in the method of cleaning the facades and interiors of buildings and structures, including mechanical cleaning of the surface, treatment with an aqueous solution of detergent, exposure, washing with water, drying, applying at least two passes of the water-repellent composition, is preliminarily determined the nature of surface contaminants, detergent, depending on the nature of the contaminants, choose either an acid type containing, g / ml:

hydrochloric or phosphoric acid 0.45-0.60 butyl cellosolve 0-0.05 water the rest is up to 1 ml

or

linear alkyl benzosulfonic acid or formic acid 0.15-10.8 trichlorethylene 0-0.10 water the rest is up to 1 ml

or alkaline type, containing, g / ml:

NaOH 0.015-0.23 KOH 0-0.20 neonol 0-0.055 monoethanolamine 0-0.17 Trilon A + Trilon B 0.0045-0.02 alkyl polyglycoside 0-0.35 White Spirit 0-0.15 butyl cellosolve 0-0.035 water the rest is up to 1 ml

exposure before washing with water is carried out for no more than 60 seconds, and when applying a hydrophobizing composition containing, g / ml:

GKZH-94 0.05 butyl cellosolve 0-0.05 water the rest is up to 1 ml

before the second pass, exposure is carried out for a period of time necessary for the complete absorption of the hydrophobic composition applied in the first pass.

When implementing the method, aqueous solutions of the detergent are applied to the surfaces to be cleaned from top to bottom either using a sponge or using a nozzle with a top-down jet being fed with an inclination angle of 30-70 ° to the surface being treated.

When cleaning surfaces from carbonate, silicate or aluminosilicate materials by the method described above, the effective washing out of the sorbed contaminants on surfaces is ensured by increased surface wettability with aqueous solutions of detergents and a high reaction rate in the layer. Due to the high cleaning rate, dissolution of the upper surface layer does not exceed 0.2 mm.

Processing hydrophobic composition of the specified composition provides long-term protection of the cleaned surface. At high surface porosity, the hydrophobizing composition is applied in several passes. Between the passages, an exposure is made of such a duration as to ensure complete absorption of the applied hydrophobic composition, but not its drying. When drying, the formation of layers of a hydrophobic composition occurs with a deterioration in adhesion to the surface. The necessary period of exposure time can be determined visually by the loss of surface gloss after the previous application of the hydrophobic composition.

Examples of the method.

Example 1

Carry out the cleaning of the surface of the brickwork. The presence of efflorescences, cement mortar residues, and atmospheric pollution is established on it. The most suitable for cleaning is an aqueous solution of an acid type detergent. Cleaning is carried out at an air temperature above 5 ° C. Large cement residues and salt build-up are removed with a soft spatula. The seams are brushed with brass bristles. An aqueous solution of a detergent containing hydrochloric acid 0.55 g / ml and water up to 1 g / ml is applied manually to the surface thus prepared by using a foam sponge. Stand for 30 seconds (until the cessation of bubbling). Wash away contaminants with detergent residues with clean water using a high-pressure apparatus. Maintain until the surface is completely dry. A hydrophobizing composition containing GKZh-94 0.05 g / ml, butyl cellosolve 0-0.05 g / ml, water the rest up to 1 ml is applied manually onto a surface with a clean foam rubber sponge in one pass. Stand for 30 minutes - the surface loses its wet sheen. The second pass is applied to the specified water-repellent composition again. Maintain until completely dry for at least 60 minutes. The hydrophobic properties of the treated surface are evaluated by the shape of the droplet on a horizontal and inclined surface. To obtain the final visual effect of the "wet surface" after drying, you can apply an additional layer of water-repellent composition.

Example 2

Carry out the cleaning of surfaces lined with travertine, sandstone, tuff, silicate brick, from atmospheric pollution. The most suitable for cleaning is an aqueous solution of an acid type detergent containing linear alkylbenzenesulfonic acid (LABSA) 0.15 g / ml, trichlorethylene 0.10 g / ml, the rest up to 1 ml. Put the specified solution manually with a foam sponge on the treated surface, incubated for 25 seconds. Wash away impurities and residues. Carry out the cleaning of the facade surfaces from fat and protein contaminants. The most suitable for cleaning is an aqueous solution of an alkaline type of detergent containing, g / ml: NaOH 0.23; KOH 0.17; neonol 0.016; alkyl polyglycoside 0.35; Trilon A + Trilon B 0.005; water the rest is up to 1 ml. The remaining operations, as in example 1.

Example 4

Carry out the cleaning of the facade surfaces from oil pollution. The most suitable is an aqueous solution of an alkaline type detergent containing, g / ml: NaOH 0.017; monoethanolamine 0.013; neonol 0.055; Trilon A + Trilon B 0.0046; butyl cellosolve 0.032; water the rest is up to 1 ml. Further, as in example 2.

Example 5

They carry out cleaning of the facade surfaces from soot after a fire and eliminate odors of combustion products. The most suitable is an alkaline type of aqueous detergent solution containing, g / ml: NaOH 0.016; monoethanolamine 0.015; neonol 0.055; Trilon A + Trilon B 0.005; water the rest is up to 1 ml. Further, according to example 2. To eliminate odor, a deodorizing composition is applied, containing, g / ml: dimethylformamide 0.005; monoethanolamine 0.00825; butyl cellosolve 0.0165; water the rest is up to 1 ml.

To eliminate odor, a deodorizing composition is applied, containing, g / ml: dimethylformamide 0.005; monoethanolamine 0.00825; butyl cellosolve 0.0165; water the rest is up to 1 ml.

Example 6

Cleaning the facade surfaces from traces of rust. The most suitable is an aqueous solution of an acid type detergent containing, g / ml: phosphoric acid 0.48 g / ml; butyl cellosolve 0.05 g / ml; the rest is water. Further, as in example 2.

This method with a small number of surface cleaning operations and the use of a fairly limited set of reagents provides effective cleaning of surfaces of various nature from various contaminants.

Tests carried out under conditions simulating the most severe environmental effects showed that surfaces cleaned by this method are characterized by high frost resistance, water resistance, surface strength, and resistance to the appearance of secondary efflorescences. Surfaces for a long time retain the improved architectural and artistic appearance as a result of cleaning in conditions of high humidity and temperature extremes.

Claims (3)

The method of cleaning the facades and interiors of buildings and structures, including mechanical cleaning of the surface, treatment with an aqueous solution of detergent, exposure, washing with water, drying, applying at least two passes of the hydrophobizing composition, characterized in that the nature of the surface contaminants is determinated beforehand the agent, depending on the nature of the contaminants, is selected either of the acid type, containing, g / ml: hydrochloric or phosphoric acid 0.45-0.60 butyl cellosolve 0-0.05 water the rest is up to 1 ml or linear alkyl benzosulfonic acid or formic acid 0.15-10.8 trichlorethylene 0-0.10 water the rest is up to 1 ml or alkaline type, containing, g / ml: NaOH 0.015-0.23 KOH 0-0.20 neonol 0-0.055 monoethanolamine 0-0.017 Trilon A + Trilon B 0.0045-0.02 alkyl polyglycoside 0-0.35 White Spirit 0-0.15 butyl cellosolve 0-0.035 water the rest is up to 1 ml exposure before washing with water is carried out for no more than 60 s, and when applying a hydrophobizing composition containing, g / ml: GKZH-94 0.05 butyl cellosolve 0-0.05 water the rest is up to 1 ml before the second pass, exposure is carried out for a period of time necessary for the complete absorption of the hydrophobic composition applied in the first pass. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when cleaning the porous surface, the application of the hydrophobic composition is carried out in at least three passes. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when cleaning the surface after a fire, an additional deodorizing composition is applied, containing, g / ml: dimethylformamide 0.003-0.006 butyl cellosolve 0.015-0.018 water the rest is up to 1 ml