RU2361685C2 - Method for cleaning of hard surfaces from contaminants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: cleaning is done in two stages, at the first stage aqueous solution of detergent is prepared with concentration of 1:2-1:10, then through device connected to reservoir with detergent solution, water is supplied with pressure of 50-100 bar, "dry foam" produced in process of mixture passing through foam-generating grid, is applied on processed surface with layer of 10-30 mm thickness and maintained on surface for 5-10 min, at the second stage reservoir is disconnected from device, and nozzle for water supply is connected, through which foam is washed off processed surface. Method prevents soaking of processed surface, thus maintaining its safety, prolongs further service life prior to restoration, may be used for cleaning of surfaces with high wear, high number of cracks and pores.

EFFECT: higher efficiency due to reduced time for cleaning and convenience in use.

5 cl, 2 dwg, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of cleaning solid surfaces from pollution and can be used in construction, utilities, in particular when cleaning building facades, architectural elements, sculptures.

In the field of public utilities, cleaning of building facades is a fairly new area related to the requirements for ecology, sanitary and epidemiological safety, health and simply the quality of life of the urban population. Deep cleaning of the facades after the autumn-winter season, planned cleaning during the spring-summer season will help to significantly improve the ecological situation of cities, especially large ones.

At present, a wide variety of manual and mechanized methods for cleaning hard surfaces belonging to various industries are known, namely: sandblasting, hydrothermal, using high-pressure apparatuses, etc. using various detergents.

A device and method for washing a contaminated structure according to the application No. 98120169 (B08B 3/02, B08B 3/08, publ. 2000.09.27), including the impact of high pressure jets from different distances depending on the availability of the object and used in as a washing liquid alkaline solution.

One of the known methods of washing the outer surface of passenger cars (patent No. 2264312, B60S 3/04, B08B 3/02, publ. 2005.11.20) includes the preparation of a washing solution, heating or cooling the outer surface of cars, moving the passenger train under a stream of cleaning agent, rinsing and drying. Washing the outer surface is carried out in two stages. First, an alkaline detergent at various pressures of the jets of the washing solution, then in the second stage, mechanical cleaning using rotating brush mechanisms is used. After washing, it is necessary to coagulate, filter and disinfect the used washing solution, as well as circulating water.

The disadvantage of these methods is the use of an alkaline solution, which is not safe and environmentally neutral and requires additional processing of flushing products; exposure to high-pressure jets from various distances can be dangerous for some materials, in particular plastered facades, can produce a destructive effect on the processing surface with the formation of erosions, microcracks, etc. In addition, the method cannot be used with respect to fixed or stationary solid surfaces.

There is also a method of cleaning solid surfaces from contaminants identified from the application for the invention No.20001000994 (C11D 3/43, C11D 3/44, C11D 1/02, C11D 3/30, publ. 10/27/2001) "Water-based cleaner for hard surfaces (options) and a method for cleaning hard surfaces from contamination. " In accordance with paragraphs 13-15 of the claims, the cleaning agent is applied to the contamination and then the pollution and the cleaning agent are removed, while the step of applying the cleaning agent further includes supplying a measured amount of the cleaning agent using a spray gun with a trigger (item 14) or spray gun with pump (p. 15). With this method, contaminants are removed with virtually no residual residue.

The disadvantages of the above method can be attributed to the fact that it characterizes the cleaning operations related to a specific aqueous cleaning agent, which includes a large number of organic solvents, for example alkanol, methanol, ethanol, n-propane, butanol and their various structural isomers, monobutyl propylene glycol ether, as well as an effective amount of a mixture of anionic surfactants and a buffer system.

All of these components of water-based detergents are not harmless to the environment and the place of their ingress and require further disposal operations.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed method is a method (patent No. 2267474, С04B 41/48, publ. 2006. 01.10) processing of concrete and reinforced concrete products, which includes mechanical and then chemical cleaning and applying a protective composition to the surface. During chemical cleaning, the surface of the product is treated with detergent to visual cleanliness, after which the neutralizing composition Antisol or its aqueous solution is applied to the wet surface. Then it is washed with a large amount of water, dried and a protective composition is applied.

The specified method provides protected surfaces with high moisture and frost resistant properties, providing high water resistance, durability, protection against efflorescence, resistance to vapors, soot, dirt, oils, etc.

This method relates to the processing of products from a specific building material, namely concrete and reinforced concrete. In addition, during chemical treatment, a large amount of water is consumed, the surface gets wet, which then must be dried before applying the protective composition. In some cases, for example, when treating plastered surfaces, the procedure of wetting the surface is completely unacceptable and affects subsequent restoration operations. The drying procedure significantly lengthens the process. The method has increased complexity due to the large number of operations and increased cost due to the use of expensive protective coating compositions.

The objective of the invention is to increase the productivity of cleaning the surface from contamination, increasing the convenience and safety of the treated surfaces.

The technical result is expressed in the fact that the claimed combination of features of the method ensures that the treated surface is not wet, thereby preserving its safety, increasing the service life, in addition, this method can be used to clean surfaces with high wear, with a large number of cracks and pores. The claimed method provides improved productivity by reducing cleaning time and ease of implementation of the method.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the claimed method of cleaning hard surfaces from contaminants, including applying a cleaning agent to the surface, removing dirt and cleaning agent, cleaning the surface is carried out in two stages, at the first stage of cleaning an aqueous solution of a cleaning agent with a concentration of 1: 2 is prepared -1: 10, then through an apparatus connected to a container with a solution of detergent, water is supplied under a pressure of 50-100 bar, “dry foam” formed when the mixture passes through a foam-generating grid, nano it is on the treated surface with a layer thickness of 10-30 mm and kept on the surface for 5-10 minutes, at the second stage, the container is disconnected from the apparatus and the nozzle for water supply is connected, through which the foam is washed off the treated surface, while as a cleaning means an aqueous solution of a surfactant is used, “dry” foam is applied from top to bottom on the treated surface, foam is washed off from the treated surface using fan nozzles under a pressure of 5-50 bar.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the new solution is that the selected ratio of the concentration and pressure of the supplied liquid provides a “dry” foam, eliminating wetting of the treated surface, and the exposure of the foam is sufficient to dissolve and separate contaminants from the surface being cleaned. Exceeding the stated exposure time of the foam can lead to its drying and violation of the technology of the cleaning process. The gentle mode of washing off the foam with clean water impurities will allow using it for cleaning surfaces having cracks, chips, and destruction.

Despite the huge number of known methods for cleaning hard surfaces, the claimed solution, designed to remove contaminants from building facades, is a new direction in the Russian practice of restoration of buildings, structures and historical monuments. The claimed solution has a new set of features that are different from the prototype and analogues, which allows us to conclude that the claimed invention meets the criterion of "novelty."

An analysis of known methods showed that the claimed solution through the use of "dry foam" made it possible to obtain a fundamentally new method of cleaning hard surfaces, in particular building facades, not previously used. This allows us to conclude that the criterion of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated in the drawing.

A device for implementing the method comprises a container 1 with a siphon tube 2, a mixing unit 3 with a foam generator grid 4 and a detergent supply regulator 5, an apparatus 6 connected to a high pressure hose 7, nozzles 8 and 9. The nozzle 8 contains a foam applicator, a nozzle 8 9 is equipped with a fan spray.

The method is as follows.

Depending on the type of surface to be treated and the degree of contamination, a type of cleaning agent is selected. In the container 1, the cleaning agent is mixed with water in the required proportion. When the apparatus is turned on, water is supplied through a hose at a pressure of 50-100 bar, enters the mixing unit with a cleaning agent, and when passing through the foam generator grid, water and cleaning agent are mixed to form a “dry” foam. Through the nozzle 8, the resulting foam is fed to the surface to be treated. The optimum distance of the nozzle from the surface should be no more than 50 cm. The foam thickness is 10-30 mm. The exposure time of the foam is 5-10 minutes. Then, the nozzle is replaced on the apparatus by disconnecting the mixing unit 3 with the nozzle 8 and the nozzle 9 is connected. Next, water is supplied through the fan nozzle 9 to wash the foam.

Examples of specific performance of the method.

The method of cleaning facades with “dry” foam involves cleaning various kinds of contaminants: dust, soot, soot, graffiti, efflorescence, rust, footprints, etc., and can be applied to facades covered with plaster, silicate, limestone, as well as facades from concrete, expanded clay, granite, glass, metal, plastic. The degree of contamination of the facade can be high, medium and light. The cleaning work is carried out at a daily temperature of at least 10 ° C.

The process of cleaning hard surfaces, including building facades, includes diagnostics of the state of the contaminated surface, establishing the chemical composition of the pollution and assessing their amount, selecting the composition of surfactants, and treating the hard surface.

Example 1. Cleaning the Stroganov Palace. The facade of the building is covered with plaster. The degree of pollution is average, the service life of the building after restoration is 2 years.

Preparing an aqueous solution of a cleaning agent in a concentration of 1: 2. On the device, the start button is turned on, a pressure of 50 bar is created. Through the nozzle of the apparatus, “dry” foam is fed to the facade of the building. The speed of applying “dry” foam is 10 square meters per 1 minute. The thickness of the layer of “dry” foam is 30 mm, the exposure time of the foam is 10 minutes. At this time, disconnect the container from the apparatus and connect the fan nozzle for water supply. Within 10 minutes, the foam is washed off with 10 sq. M of the treated surface. After washing, the facade dries out within 5-15 minutes. The total cleaning performance is 1 sq. M / min.

Example 2. Cleaning the facade of a building made of bricks. The degree of pollution is high, the service life of the building after restoration is 10 years.

Preparing an aqueous solution of a cleaning agent in a concentration of 1: 5. On the device, the start button is turned on, a pressure of 70 bar is created. Through the nozzle of the apparatus, “dry” foam is fed to the facade of the building. The thickness of the layer of “dry” foam is 20 mm, the exposure time of the foam is 5 minutes. At this time, disconnect the container from the apparatus and connect the fan nozzle for water supply. The foam is washed off at a pressure of 50 bar. The total cleaning performance is 1 sq. M / min.

Example 3. Cleaning the facade of a building covered with facade tiles. The degree of pollution is light, the service life of the building after restoration is 20 years.

An aqueous solution of a cleaning agent is prepared at a concentration of 1:10. On the device, the start button is turned on, a pressure of 100 bar is created. Through the nozzle of the apparatus, “dry” foam is fed to the facade of the building. The speed of applying “dry” foam is 10 square meters per 1 minute. The thickness of the layer of “dry” foam is 10 mm, the exposure time of the foam is 7 minutes At this time, disconnect the container from the apparatus and connect the fan nozzle for water supply. The foam is washed off at a pressure of 5 bar. The total cleaning performance is 1 sq. M / min.

Thus, the information presented confirms the possibility of achieving a technical result, expressed in the exclusion of wetting of the treated surface, thereby achieving its safety, increasing the service life. In addition, the claimed method provides improved productivity by reducing cleaning time and ease of implementation of the method.

The proposed cleaning method involves the use of low concentrated neutral environmentally soft aqueous surfactants. Effect: obtaining clean facades, which ultimately increases the safety of the architectural and artistic appearance in conditions of high humidity and temperature difference.

Claims (5)

1. The method of cleaning the solid surfaces of building facades from pollution, including applying to the surface of a cleaning agent, removing dirt and cleaning agent, characterized in that the surface is cleaned in two stages, at the first stage of cleaning an aqueous solution of a cleaning agent with a concentration of 1: 2-1 is prepared : 10, then through a device connected to a container with a solution of cleaning agent, water is supplied under a pressure of 50-100 bar "dry foam", formed when the mixture passes through a foam-generating grid, is applied to the treated the surface with a layer thickness of 10-30 mm and kept on the surface for 5-10 minutes, at the second stage, disconnect the container from the apparatus and connect the nozzle for supplying water, through which the foam is washed off from the treated surface. 2. The method of cleaning solid surfaces from contaminants according to claim 1, characterized in that an aqueous solution of a surfactant is used as a cleaning agent. 3. The method of cleaning solid surfaces from contaminants according to claim 1, characterized in that the "dry foam" is applied to the surface to be treated from top to bottom. 4. The method of cleaning solid surfaces from contaminants according to claim 1, characterized in that the foam is washed off from the surface to be treated using fan nozzles. 5. The method of cleaning solid surfaces from contaminants according to claim 1, characterized in that the foam is washed off from the treated surface under a pressure of 5-50 bar.

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