RU2294489C1 - Isobaric vortex conditioner - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: air conditioning and ventilation.

SUBSTANCE: conditioned comprises housing, branch pipe for supplying and discharging gas, and first chamber of the three-dimensional vortex provided with the inlet located at the center of the first face of the housing and connected with the branch pipe for supplying gas. The fan and diaphragm are connected in series to the inlet of the first chamber. The spiral discharging branch pipe and the diaphragm with the central opening are mounted at the outlet of the first chamber of the three-dimensional vortex. The spiral branch pipe is connected with the first branch pipe for discharging gas. The diaphragm and the second face of the housing form the second chamber for adiabatic compression. The greater radius of the second chamber is provided with the spiral discharge branch pipe connected with the second branch pipe for discharging gas.

EFFECT: expanded functional capabilities.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of refrigeration, and more particularly to energy transformers, and can be used as an air conditioner for cooling and heating buildings, air purification, in supply and exhaust ventilation, heating water for hot water supply.

Known vortex tube ("Thermal Engineering", volume 1, 1975, S. 429).

The disadvantage of this device is its very low efficiency, since the energy of a gas with a pressure of 4-6 kg / cm ² supplied to the vortex tube is dissipated mainly due to throttling and the generation of heat and cold is minimal.

The vortex tube effect was discovered in 1933 and is called the Rank-Hilt effect. This effect confirms the molecular-kinetic theory of the gas, namely, that the pressure and temperature of the gas is a function of the average kinetic energy of a given volume of gas. According to the Maxwell-Boltzmann law, the separation of gas by speed and energy occurs in a potential force field. In a vortex tube, when the compressed gas is tangentially supplied, a helical vortex gas movement occurs, with the distribution of velocities along a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the pipe, such that the maximum gas velocity is near the pipe wall and the minimum velocity near the pipe axis, as a result, the gas is divided along speeds and energy. Therefore, the braking temperature of the gas exiting near the pipe wall will be higher than the initial one, and the braking temperature of the gas exiting along the center of the pipe is lower than the initial one.

There is the concept of vortex motion and pure vortex. According to the Stokes law, a vortex for a liquid must correspond to WF = const (the product of the angular velocity and the flow area is constant.) In a vortex tube, the compressed gas in the tangential nozzle works out all its energy and is distributed over the velocities along the pipe section. Gas can only move towards a larger radius, reducing its speed, but this is prevented by the pipe wall. There is no complete vortex in the vortex tube, but there is a vortex gas motion.

Also known is the vortex tube used for vortex air conditioners, having an air blower, a compressed air cooling heat exchanger (see RU 2207472 C2, class F 25 V 9/04, publ. 06/27/2003).

Its disadvantage is that an injector is integrated in the vortex tube, creating, in combination with the tangential air supply, three vortex air movements inside the vortex tube, therefore, when the mass of cooled air drawn into the vortex tube is equal to the mass of compressed air entering the vortex tube, based on the law On the conservation of momentum, we can conclude that the air velocity in the vortex tube decreases by half, the energy decreases by four times, and the entropy of the system increases. A two-fold increase in the mass of chilled air does not compensate for the loss; therefore, its efficiency is at least two times lower than that of a conventional vortex adiabatic tube.

In thermodynamics, it is known that the process does not depend on intermediate processes, but depends on the initial and final parameters. The supply of hot air to the supercharger leads to an increase in the cost of energy for gas compression. The exclusion from the scheme of the known vortex tube air conditioner will increase the efficiency by an order of magnitude, but still the efficiency will be lower than the 19th century air cooler with an expander. The technical use of a vortex tube is not economically feasible. The first stage of the energy transformer differs from the adiabatic pipe in its opposite both constructively and in the opposite process. Their common feature is the use of the Maxwell-Boltzmann law for separating gas molecules by velocity in a potential force field.

The aim of the invention is the creation of reliable with a minimum number of moving parts of the separation energy transformer, namely isobaric vortex air conditioner.

The cost of thermal energy generated during the operation of the heat pump must compete with the cost of thermal energy generated from the heat recovery of the turbine, and in the operating mode of the refrigeration machine, the cost of generating “cold” should approach the cost of pumping the coolant. In the vortex injector (summing the energy transformer) at the inlet of the injected and injected gas, vortices arise as a harmful phenomenon. To eliminate the input vortices, nozzles of a relatively small diameter and narrowing nozzles are installed in the direction of the medium flow, in order to reduce the peripheral gas velocity at the entrance to the nozzles. The separation energy transformer differs from the summing one in that its function is the opposite, in that it is necessary to divide one gas stream into two flows with different energies. For this, a second vortex chamber is installed at the inlet of the injecting gas into the vortex chamber of the injector, which will be referred to hereinafter as the first in the course of the gas, and the second inlet for the injected gas is excluded.

Taking into account the relative complexity of the allocation and separation of essential features in solving the problem and the accuracy of their presentation, the claims are made without separation into distinctive and restrictive parts.

To solve the problem, an energy transformer — an isobaric vortex air conditioner — contains a housing, a supply pipe and gas discharge pipes, a first chamber of a volume vortex, at the inlet located at the center of the first end of the housing and connected to the gas supply pipe, which contains a fan and a diaphragm in series, and at the exit of the first chamber of the volumetric vortex, a spiral outlet is installed at a larger radius, connected to the first gas outlet pipe, and a diaphragm with a central hole, inside which inclined shovels are placed and forming a second end of the housing a second adiabatic compression chamber, to a larger radius which is mounted volute connected to the second gas outlet pipe.

A possible embodiment of the device, in which it contains a regulator of the bore of the gas outlet pipes.

These signs are significant and interconnected causal relationship with the formation of a set of essential features sufficient to achieve a technical result.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a view of the device from the exit side of hot and cold gas;

figure 2 is a section along BB in figure 1, when performing the device without a fan;

figure 3 is a section along BB in figure 1, when performing a device with a fan;

figure 4 - decomposition of speeds at the entrance to the device;

figure 5 is a section GG of figure 3 with the distribution of gas molecules by velocity in a potential force field.

The isobaric vortex air conditioner (FIGS. 1, 3) has a conical housing 1, a fan 2, a first diaphragm 3, a first end 4 of the housing 1, an inlet 5, a first spiral outlet 6 for exiting cold air, a second diaphragm 7 with a central opening, and a second spiral outlet 8 for the exit of hot air, vortex blades 9, the second end 10 of the housing 1, mounting bolts 11, the regulator 12 passage. The air conditioner has a first volume vortex chamber A, in which a volume vortex is created, and a second adiabatic compression chamber B, in which a flat vortex is created.

The first chamber A of the volume vortex has one tangential gas inlet over a larger radius between the first diaphragm 3 and the walls of the housing 1 and two exits, with one exit over a larger radius into the first spiral outlet 6, and the second central one through the central hole in the second diaphragm 7 with an exit gas flow along a smaller radius into the second adiabatic compression chamber B. The entrance to the first chamber A of the volume vortex is blocked by the first diaphragm 3 (FIG. 2), which can be made with guide vanes for directing the gas flow or with fan 2 (FIG. 3). The first diaphragm 3 is mounted on a cylinder passing along the axis of the device through the central hole and fixed in the second end cover 10 of the housing 1 from the side of the second adiabatic compression chamber B. Gas from the compressor or from another source is supplied to the first chamber A of the volumetric vortex, where it, passing through the guide vanes of the first diaphragm 3, receives a rotational movement, creating a vortex in the volume of the first chamber A, in which the gas flow is divided by two seconds due to mass-energy exchange different energy. The first stream, cooled during mass-energy exchange, with a relatively low speed and pressure equal to the gas entering the first chamber A leaves it over a larger radius through the first spiral outlet 6. The second gas stream, spiraling down to a smaller radius, is accelerated, while the energy acceleration takes away from the first part of the gas. Further, a stream with high kinetic energy enters the second adiabatic compression chamber B, where as a result of adiabatic braking the gas temperature and its pressure rises and leaves the device with a temperature higher than the initial one and a pressure lower than the initial one.

Applying air with environmental parameters as a working gas in the device, and fan 2 built into the housing as a compressor (Fig. 3), we obtain a vortex air conditioner. For gas, a vortex is a natural three-dimensional motion, and in the atmosphere a vortex is a reversible process (if the vortex does not do the work). The increase in entropy in the heated part of the gas is compensated by its decrease in the cooled part of the gas, and the angular momentum is always preserved. The parameter is the pressure, at the beginning and end of the vortex the same, so the process is isobaric. To distinguish it from vortex tube air conditioners, this air conditioner will be an isobaric vortex air conditioner.

Air conditioning works as follows.

The compressor (fan) is to overcome the thermodynamic and aerodynamic resistance of the "hot" part of the air flow.

Table of accepted designations:

W is the gas velocity at the inlet to the device;

Wo is the axial velocity of the gas;

Wt is the tangential velocity of the gas;

Q is the amount of gas received in the device;

Qx is the amount of cold gas (air);

Qg - the amount of hot gas (air);

μ-Qx / Q - fraction of cold gas (air);

(1-μ) Q is the fraction of hot gas (air);

Wx is the velocity of the cold gas (air) at the outlet;

Wг - speed of hot gas (air) at the outlet;

Wк is the gas (air) flow rate at the inlet to the second adiabatic compression chamber B;

Po - pressure at the inlet to the device;

Pk - pressure along the axis of the device;

β = Рк / Ро - rarefaction coefficient in the device in the mode of its operation as an air conditioner;

That is the temperature at the entrance to the air conditioner (in degrees Kelvin);

Тх - cold air temperature at the outlet of the air conditioner;

Tg - temperature of hot air at the outlet of the air conditioner;

Tp is the temperature of the air flow at the inlet to the second chamber B of the adiabatic compression of the air conditioner;

R is the radius of the air inlet into the air conditioner;

r is the radius of the air inlet into the second chamber B of the adiabatic compression of the air conditioner;

Rx is the radius of the exit of cold air from the air conditioner;

Rg is the radius of the outlet of hot air from the air conditioner.

Fan 2 takes air from the room or from the atmosphere and delivers it to the first chamber A. Air passing through the first diaphragm 3 with guide vanes (with the built-in fan in place, the vanes can be omitted), enters the first chamber A of the volume vortex with speed W. The speed W (see figure 4) is decomposed into Wo and Wt, while Wo creates pressure in the chamber, and Wt is the moment of momentum - mWtR, which determines the operation mode of the air conditioner. The most economical mode of the air conditioner is when μ = Qx / Qo = 0.5, therefore, the areas of the outlet sections of cold and hot gas are calculated to ensure μ = 0.5 in the operating mode. Deviation of μ in either direction leads to an excessive consumption of energy. Correction μ is made by the regulator 12. The vortex is a natural phenomenon and it is known that the mass-energy exchange process occurring inside the vortex is isothermal. The volume of air entering the first chamber A of the volume vortex with the parameters Po, temperature T0 equal to the ambient temperature, and the moment of momentum - mWtR is structurally divided into two parts, while the first stream exits through the first spiral outlet 6 on the housing 1, and the second stream passes through the central hole of the second diaphragm 7, the blades 9, the second adiabatic compression chamber B and enters the atmosphere through the second spiral outlet 8. The air stream exiting through the central hole of the diaphragm 7, moving towards smaller its radius is accelerated due to conservation of angular momentum (see Fig. 5) to the Wc rate simultaneously with the emergence of torque occurs a centrifugal force which, compensating, creates a vacuum on the axis of the air conditioner, which increases the flow speed of an avalanche.

Simultaneously with the appearance of a rotation moment in the first chamber A of a volume vortex, a rotation moment arises in the second chamber B of adiabatic compression. In this case, the kinetic energy of the flow is converted into potential energy with a pressure Pr and a temperature Tg exiting through the second spiral outlet 8 of the air. The avalanche-like process of increasing the speed Wk will stop when the moments of the number of movements created by the fan 2 and the air leaving the air conditioner are equal:

mWtR = μmWxRx + (1-μ) mWgRg.

A change in Wt leads to a change in the rarefaction coefficient β = Pk / Po, which leads to a change in the temperature of the hot and cold air leaving the air conditioner.

In the first chamber A of a volume vortex, gas molecules can be divided into two flows only during energy exchange (the distribution of gas molecules in a potential force field is the Maxwell-Boltzmann law). Two molecules (see Fig. 5) with the same energy hung in an orbit with radius R, while one molecule does not have energy to increase speed and exit through the central hole of the second diaphragm 7, and the second molecule has excess energy to exit through the first spiral branch 6. In a collision, these molecules exchange energy and diverge in different directions.

In thermodynamics, these processes are described as follows: at μ = 0.5

a) the temperature of the cold gas is determined by the temperature of the adiabatic expansion and is equal to Tx-β ^0.285 · To;

b) the temperature of the hot gas is determined as Tg = To + (To-Tx);

c) the energy transfer process is described by isothermal compression of the first part of the gas at Tx = const, and the second part of the gas is isothermally expanded at To = const;

d) at a small radius at the entrance to the "funnel" the process of isothermal movement breaks down and becomes polytropic, while the air temperature of the second stream decreases, the speed increases. In the process of polytropic expansion, the amount of heat and entropy obtained by the second stream is equalized numerically equal to the amount of heat and entropy reduced in the first stream of air. The first and second law of thermodynamics is not violated.

The cold air leaving the spiral outlet 6 has a pressure Po, which is higher than atmospheric and can overcome the aerodynamic drag of the cold air wiring. The hot air pressure will be less than Po, because the sum of the work of isothermal and polytropic expansion is less than the work of adiabatic compression of gas in the second chamber B of adiabatic compression by ΔA. Therefore, fan 2 is designed to create a pressure that can perform the work ΔA and overcome the aerodynamic drag of the hot air wiring when the air conditioner is in heat pump mode.

The main advantage of the vortex air conditioner is that it uses the potential energy of the environment (atmosphere with a pressure of 1 kg / cm ² ), therefore, it is not necessary to compress the gas in the compressor. By changing the speed of the fan motor, you can adjust the temperature of the cold or hot air.

The reliability of an air conditioner is determined only by the reliability of the fan motor.

Claims (2)

1. An isobaric vortex air conditioner comprising a casing, a supply pipe and gas discharge pipes, a first volumetric vortex chamber, at the inlet of which is located in the center of the first end of the housing and connected to the gas supply pipe, a fan and a diaphragm are placed in series, and at the output of the first volumetric chamber a spiral outlet connected to the first gas outlet pipe and a diaphragm with a central hole, inside which inclined blades are placed, forming a second chamber with the second end of the casing at a larger radius adiabatic compression, on a larger radius of which a spiral outlet is installed, connected to the second gas outlet pipe. 2. The isobaric vortex air conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a regulator of the passage section of the gas outlet pipes.

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