RU2291313C2 - Four-stroke internal combustion engine (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: according to invention, four-stroke internal combustion engine contains cylinders, pistons arranged in cylinders and mechanisms to transform reciprocation of pistons into rotation of engine shaft. Said mechanisms transforming reciprocation of pistons into rotation of shaft include connecting rods and disks. Disks are provided with two relatively perpendicular diametral slots, each accommodating slider, and connecting rods are hinge connected with sliders of corresponding disks.

EFFECT: provision of two-fold increase of engine power at he same displacement and overall dimensions and weight owing to execution of all four strokes at one turn of engine shaft.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to engine building.

Four-stroke internal combustion engines are widely known, the duty cycle of which is carried out in four cycles.

A disadvantage of the known engines is the low power density.

Known four-stroke engine, selected as a prototype, the duty cycle of which is carried out for four cycles or two turns of the crankshaft (Internal combustion engines. / Edited by A.S. Orlin, M.G. Kruglova. Moscow. "Engineering", 1980 ., p. 22).

The duty cycle in a four-stroke engine is as follows.

The first stroke inlet. The piston is in a position close to top dead center (bmw). When the crankshaft rotates, the connecting rod moves the piston to the bottom dead center (N.M.T.), and the distribution mechanism opens the intake valve and the cylinder is filled with a combustible mixture. Upon reaching the NM the crankshaft rotates 180 °. The inlet valve closes.

The second measure is compression. The piston moves toward hm, compressing the combustible mixture. Near high-altitude combustible fuel. When the piston reaches the BMT the crankshaft makes a full revolution.

The third measure is combustion and expansion. At the beginning of a cycle, fuel burns intensively. Due to the release of a large amount of heat, the temperature and pressure in the cylinder increase sharply. Under the pressure of the gases, the piston moves to N.M.T. By expanding, gases do useful work. Upon reaching the NM the crankshaft rotates one and a half turns. The third measure is called the stroke.

The fourth measure is the release. Piston moving from N.M.T. to bmw, displaces the combustion products from the cylinder through an open exhaust valve. When the piston reaches the BMT exhaust valve closes. The crankshaft makes two turns.

A disadvantage of the known engine is its low power density.

The problem solved by the invention is a twofold increase in engine power with the same cylinder volume and almost the same dimensions and weight by performing all four cycles in one revolution of the engine shaft.

In the first embodiment, this is achieved by the fact that in a four-stroke internal combustion engine containing at least two cylinders, pistons located in the cylinders, and mechanisms for converting the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion of the engine shaft, including connecting rods, reciprocating conversion mechanisms the rotary ones are equipped with disks, and the engine shaft is made integral, while the disks are equipped with two mutually perpendicular diametrical grooves, each of which contains the slider, the connecting rods are pivotally connected to the sliders of the respective disks, the disks being rigidly mounted on the corresponding parts of the shaft, and the opposite sliders of the mechanisms for converting the reciprocating motion into rotational motion are pairwise connected by rods.

In the second embodiment, the problem to be solved is achieved by the fact that the four-stroke internal combustion engine comprising at least two cylinders, pistons located in the cylinders, and mechanisms for converting the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion of the engine shaft, including connecting rods, is equipped with at least one the connecting shaft, and the mechanisms for converting the reciprocating motion into rotational are equipped with disks, while the disks are pairwise rigidly mounted on the connecting shaft and are equipped with two mutually perpendicular and diametrical grooves, in each of which a slider is placed, the connecting rods are pivotally connected to the sliders of the respective disks, the connecting shafts being mounted in bearings and kinematically connected to the motor shaft, for example, a gear transmission.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the operation diagram of a four-stroke engine, where:

a) - the first beat - inlet;

b) - the second step - compression;

c) - the third step - combustion and expansion (working stroke);

d) - the fourth measure - release.

Figure 2 shows a four-stroke engine - option 1.

Figure 3 shows a four-stroke engine - option 2.

The engine contains at least two cylinders 1, a cylinder head 2, an intake valve 3, an exhaust valve 4, a piston 5 located in the cylinder 1 and connected by a piston pin 6 with a connecting rod 7, through which the reciprocating movement of the piston is transmitted to the engine shaft 8. The connecting rod 7 is pivotally connected to the sliders 9, which are slidably mounted in the grooves “A” of the disks 10. The grooves “A” are made perpendicular and diametrical.

According to the first embodiment, the motor shaft is made up of separate parts 8. The disks 10 are rigidly fixed to the corresponding parts of the shaft 8, the connecting rods 7 are pivotally connected to the sliders 9. Opposite sliders 9 of the disks 10 are pairwise rigidly connected by the rods 11.

According to the second embodiment, the engine includes at least a connecting shaft 12 mounted for rotation in the bearings 13. The disks 10 are pairwise rigidly mounted on the connecting shafts 12, which, in turn, are connected through the gears 15 to the motor shaft 8.

The four-stroke engine is as follows.

The duty cycle in the engine, performed in four cycles, occurs in one revolution of the motor shaft.

The first beat is the inlet. The piston 5 is in a position close to top dead center (bmw). When the shaft 8 rotates, the connecting rod 7 moves the piston 5 to the bottom dead center (bm), while the sliders 9, pivotally connected to the connecting rod 7, move in the corresponding grooves "A", turning the disk 10, and the distribution mechanism ( not shown) opens the intake valve 3, and cylinder 1 is filled with a combustible mixture. Upon reaching the NM motor shaft 8 rotates 90 °. The inlet valve closes.

The second measure is compression. The piston moves toward hm, compressing the combustible mixture. The sliders 9 are moved in the grooves "A" of the disks 10. Near the BMT combustible fuel. When the piston reaches 5 vol.m. motor shaft 8 rotates 180 °.

The third measure is combustion and expansion. The third stroke occurs during the piston stroke from VMT to n.m.t. At the beginning of a cycle, fuel burns intensively. Due to the release of a large amount of heat, the temperature and pressure in the cylinder increase sharply. Under the action of pressure, the piston moves further to Nm.t. and gas expansion. The sliders 9 slide in the slots "A", turning the disk 10. During expansion, the gases perform useful work. The third stroke is the stroke of the piston. Achievement corresponds to a rotation of the shaft 8 of the engine 270 °.

The fourth measure is the release. Piston 5, moving from N.M.T. to bmw, displaces gases from cylinder 1 through an open exhaust valve 4. When the piston reaches bmw exhaust valve closes. The sliders 9 occupy the corresponding position. The shaft 8 of the engine makes a full revolution. The fourth cycle ends the work cycle. With further movement of the piston in the same sequence, all cycle processes are repeated.

According to the first option, the cycle processes occur as follows. Since in the mechanisms for converting the reciprocating motion into rotational sliders 9 are rigidly connected by rods 11, in the cylinders 1 the pistons 5 moved by the connecting rods 7 can move in only one direction. For example, if the cylinders of the first pair occur: in one - the inlet, and in the other - the working stroke, then in the next pair of cylinders compression and release occur.

In the second embodiment, the pistons 5 can move in the cylinders 1 independently of each other.

In the proposed engine, movement from one extreme position to another occurs in a quarter of a revolution of the motor shaft. This becomes possible due to the use of the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotational movement of the shaft instead of the crank-link mechanism ("Mechanisms in modern technology" by I. I. Artobolevsky. Volume 2, p. 104. Moscow, " Science "1979).

Thus, since the stroke of the proposed engine is twice as frequent, the proposed engine emits twice as much energy per unit time than a conventional engine (prototype), with the same cylinder volume, weight and dimensions. Consequently, the power and specific power of the engine are doubled. The design of the proposed engine allows the use of rolling bearings. The absence of a crankshaft simplifies the design and improves manufacturability.

The engine can be manufactured using known means and standard equipment.

Claims (2)

1. Four-stroke internal combustion engine containing at least two cylinders, pistons located in the cylinders, and mechanisms for converting the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion of the engine shaft, including connecting rods, characterized in that the mechanisms for converting the reciprocating motion into rotational ones are provided disks, and the motor shaft is made integral, while the disks are equipped with two mutually perpendicular diametrical grooves, in each of which a slider is placed, the connecting rods are articulated connected to the sliders of the respective disks, the disks being rigidly mounted on the corresponding parts of the shaft, and the opposing sliders of the mechanisms for converting the reciprocating motion into rotational motion are pairwise connected by rods. 2. A four-stroke internal combustion engine containing at least two cylinders, pistons located in the cylinders, and mechanisms for converting the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion of the engine shaft, including connecting rods, characterized in that it is provided with at least one connecting shaft, and the mechanisms for converting the reciprocating motion into rotational motion are provided with disks, while the disks are pairwise rigidly mounted on the connecting shaft and provided with two mutually perpendicular and diagonal With the help of metric grooves, in each of which a slider is placed, the connecting rods are pivotally connected to the sliders of the respective disks, and the connecting shafts are mounted in bearings and kinematically connected to the motor shaft, for example, a gear transmission.

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