RU2288577C1 - Portable manipulator for cow milking - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, mechanized cow milking technique.

SUBSTANCE: portable manipulator has milking unit, control unit attached to milking unit milk pipeline, and pulsator. Pulsator is connected with its two outlet branch pipes to distribution chamber of milk claw and further through branch pipe to control chamber for controlling of pneumatic valve and valve box of vacuum regulator of single-chamber teat cup. Pneumatic chamber of teat cup is made in the form of control chamber and atmospheric chamber which are separated by flexible membrane. Vacuum regulator of teat cup has milk catch, milk discharge chamber and control chamber, said chambers being separated by means of flexible membrane and said control chamber being equipped with valve box and electric valve. Overflow pipe and float with magnet are provided centrally of milk catch.

EFFECT: provision for creating of controlled cow milking regulation mode allowing efficiency to be increased and probability of occurrence of udder mastitis to be reduced.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for the mechanization of animal husbandry, and can be used for milking cows.

Known manipulator of the milking unit SU 1750511 C1, 07/30/1992, including four milk flow sensors and finishing mechanisms made on each milking cup, as well as a milking machine, which contains two-chamber milking cups with vacuum regulators, a collector with cameras containing milk trays.

Known portable manipulator linear milking machine RU 2151499 C1, 06/27/2000, which consists of a milking machine, a cable connected to a pneumatic cylinder, which is attached by a hinge to the milk flow sensor, and the sensor, in turn, by means of a detachable connection is attached to the vacuum wire and milk line linear milking machine type ADM-8.

However, these devices do not provide an increase in the efficiency of machine milking on linear milking machines.

Closest to the invention is a portable manipulator of a linear milking machine RU 2221417 C2, 01/20/2004, which consists of a milking machine connected by a cable to the pneumatic cylinder and through a milk hose and a pipe with a control unit with an electric energy source.

However, this manipulator also does not provide an increase in the efficiency of machine milking on linear milking machines.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of machine milking on linear milking installations.

To achieve this, the pulsator of the proposed manipulator with two output nozzles is connected via a paired vacuum tube to the distribution chamber of the collector and then to the nozzle with the pneumatic valve control chamber and valve box of the vacuum regulator of a single-chamber milking cup; the pneumatic valve of a single-chamber milking cup is made in the form of a control chamber and an atmospheric pressure chamber separated by a flexible membrane, the membrane being connected to a valve blocking the communication between the atmospheric pressure chamber and the suction cup of the milking cup; the vacuum regulator of the milking cup is made in the form of a milk trap and a milk diverting chamber separated by a flexible membrane, a nozzle in communication with the milk collecting chamber of the collector, and a control chamber with a valve box and an electrovalve, and in the center the milk trap contains a coaxially and freely mounted overflow tube with a protrusion in the upper part and with a cut in the bottom for the formation of a calibrated gap for the flow of milk with a certain intensity, for example, 50 ml / min, with a bottom of the milk trap, and a coaxially mounted float k with a magnet when exceeding its stroke in the milk trap interacting with the overhang of the overflow pipe, and the magnet of which is designed to interact with a reed switch mounted on the milk trap; in the center, the membrane contains a valve that forms a calibrated gap with the outlet tube of the teat cup, and in order to ensure the operability of the vacuum regulator, the condition

D _m > D _v ,

where D _m is the diameter of the membrane of the vacuum regulator;

D _v - diameter of the exhaust pipe.

Moreover, based on the equilibrium condition and neglecting the elastic properties of the membrane of the vacuum regulator (provided its small displacements), for the diameter D _{m of the} membrane, with a control vacuum gauge pressure P _upr in the control chamber, nominal vacuum gauge pressure Р _nom in the milk removal chamber and the required vacuum gauge pressure R _d milking cows, the diameter D _{v of the} exhaust pipe is equal to:

The valve box of the vacuum regulator contains inlet and outlet spring-loaded valves, as well as a non-return valve, closed by an electrovalve, an electric circuit through a reed switch connected to an electric generator.

The invention will be understood from the following description and the attached drawings.

Figure 1 shows a portable manipulator for milking cows, a General view; figure 2 - milking glass; figure 3 - camera vacuum regulator; figure 4 is a cross section of the control camera.

The portable manipulator of the linear milking machine (Fig. 1) consists of a milking machine 1, a cable 2 connected to the pneumatic cylinder 3, which is attached to the rack 5 by means of the bracket 4 (with the possibility of swinging), and the control unit 6, which is attached to the milk line through the connector 7 8 and vacuum wire 9 of the ADM-8 milking unit. The control unit 6 contains a milk trap 10 with a float (not shown in the diagram) having a threshold milk flow rate of the onset of float emergence - 50 ml / min, communicating with milk conduit 8 and through milk tube 11 - with a milk reception chamber 12 of collector 13, and also equipped with an electric generator 14 two-half-time pulsator 15, the inlet pipe communicating with the vacuum wire 9, and two output through a paired vacuum tube 16 with a distribution chamber 17 of the manifold 13 and then the pipe 18 with a control chamber 19 air valve 20 and valve box 21 of the vacuum regulator 22 of a single-chamber milking cup 23. An electric generator 14 is connected by an electric circuit through a reed switch 24 mounted on a milk trap 10 and controlled by a permanent magnet mounted in a milk trap float 10 to an electro-pneumatic valve 25 included in the pipeline rupture 26, designed to messages of the pneumatic cylinder 3 in the open position with the vacuum wire 9, and in the closed - with the atmosphere. To install the float in the starting position, the milk trap 10 is equipped with a lever 27 associated with the float. The cable 2 of the pneumatic cylinder 3 is connected to the free end of the lever 28 connected to the shut-off valve 29 of the milking machine. The pneumatic valve 20 (Fig. 2) of a single-chamber milking cup 23 is made in the form of a control chamber 19 and an atmospheric pressure chamber 31 separated by a flexible membrane 30. The membrane 30 is connected to a valve 32 designed to block communication between the atmospheric pressure chamber 31 and the suction cup 33 of the milking cup 23 and to provide a metered supply of atmospheric air to the suction cup 33 in its open position. The vacuum regulator 22 of the milking cup 23 is made in the form of a milk trap 34 and separated by a flexible membrane 35 of the milk chamber 36, a pipe 37 communicating with the milk reception chamber 12 of the collector 13, and a control chamber 38 with a valve box 21 and an electrovalve 39. In the center, the milk trap 34 contains coaxially and freely an installed overflow pipe 40 with a protrusion in the upper part and with a cutout in the lower one to form a calibrated slot 41 for the milk flow with the bottom of the milk trap 34 for milk to flow out with a certain intensity, for example 50 ml / min, and coaxially Replaced float 42 with magnet 43. Magnet 43 is designed to interact with a reed switch 44 mounted on a milk trap 34. In the center, the membrane 35 contains a valve 45 forming a calibrated slot 47 with the exhaust pipe 46. Moreover, to ensure the operability of the vacuum regulator, the condition must be met (Fig. .3):

D _m > D _v ,

where D _m is the diameter of the membrane 35 of the vacuum regulator;

D _v - the diameter of the exhaust pipe 45.

Moreover, based on the equilibrium condition and neglecting the elastic properties of the membrane 35 of the vacuum regulator 22 (provided that it is small), for the diameter D _{m of the} membrane 35, with a control vacuum pressure P _control in the control chamber 38, a nominal vacuum gauge pressure P _nom in the milk removal chamber 36 and the required vacuum pressure R _{d for} milking cows, the diameter D _{v of the} exhaust pipe 46 is equal to:

The valve box 21 (FIGS. 2, 4) of the vacuum regulator 22 contains inlet 48 and outlet 49 spring-loaded valves (FIG. 4), as well as a check valve 50, which is closed by an electrovalve 39, by an electric circuit through a reed switch 44 connected to an electric generator 14.

The portable manipulator works as follows:

The pneumatic cylinder 3 (figure 1) of the manipulator bracket 4 is mounted on the rack 5, and its control unit 6 through a detachable connection 7 is connected to the milk pipe 8 and the vacuum wire 9 of the milking unit (not shown). In this case, the vacuum pressure from the vacuum wire 9 propagates into a half-wave pulsator 15 and then alternating with atmospheric vacuum pressure through a paired vacuum tube 16 through the distribution chamber 17 and the tube 18 enters the control chamber 19 (Fig. 2) of the pneumatic valve 20 and valve box 21 the vacuum regulator 22 of the single-chamber cup 23. In this case, in the pneumatic valve 20, the membrane 30, bending under the influence of the pressure difference towards the control chamber 19, closes the valve 32, thereby blocking the message between atmospheric pressure chamber 31 and suction cup 33 of the milking cup 23, and in the control chamber 38 of the vacuum regulator 22, as a result of pumping air through a spring-loaded valve 49 (Fig. 4), a reduced vacuum pressure (33 kPa) is set. When changing the cycle in the pulsator 15 (Fig. 1), atmospheric pressure follows the same chain: a tube 16, a distribution chamber 17, a pipe 18 enters the control chamber 19 (Fig. 1, 2) of the pneumatic valve 20 and valve box 21 of the vacuum regulator 22. B as a result, the membrane 30 aligns and releases the valve 32, which opens a message between the atmospheric pressure chamber 31 and the suction cup 33 of the milking cup 23, and in the control chamber 38 (FIGS. 2, 3) of the vacuum regulator 22, due to the atmospheric air inlet through the spring-loaded inlet valve 48 is installed residual vacuum pressure (10 kPa).

In the process of operation of the pulsator 15 (Fig. 1), the electric generator generates electricity supplied through an electric circuit to the electrovalve of the vacuum regulator 39 and to the electro-pneumatic valve 25. At the initial moment, when there is no milk in the milk trap 34 (Fig. 2, 3) of the vacuum regulator 22 of the milking cup 23 the float 42 is located below and under the influence of the magnetic field of the magnet 43 reed switch 44 is open. As a result, the electrovalve 39 is de-energized and the check valve 50 is closed. In the absence of milk in the milk trap 10, its float is also in the lower position and under the influence of the magnetic field of the magnet installed in the float, the reed switch 24 is open and the electro-pneumatic valve 25 is de-energized. In this case, the vacuum pressure from the vacuum wire 9 through the electro-pneumatic valve 25 through the pipe 26 enters the pneumatic cylinder 3, under the influence of which its piston pulls the cable 2, thereby holding the milking machine 1 in its original position.

At the same time, the vacuum pressure from the milk pipe 8 enters the milk trap 10 and then through the milk pipe 11 to the collector 13 of the milking machine 1. The shut-off valve 29 of the milking machine is closed.

Lever 27 set the float of the milk trap 10 to the starting position. In this case, the magnet of the float is removed from the reed switch 24 and it closes by turning on the power of the electro-pneumatic valve 25, which disconnects the pneumatic cylinder 3 from the vacuum wire 9 and connects it to the atmosphere. As a result, the cable 2 is freely pulled out of the pneumatic cylinder 3, releasing the milking machine 2. Then the valve 29 is opened and the vacuum pressure is distributed into the milk reception chamber 12 of the collector 13 and then through the pipe 37 to the milk removal chamber 36 of the vacuum regulator 22, from where it enters the milk trap through the overflow pipe 40 34 and through a calibrated slot 47 formed by the valve 45 installed in the center of the membrane 35 and the exhaust pipe 46 into the suction cup 33 of the milking cup 23. Moreover, since the vacuum regulator 38 has 22 VA since the pressure 35 is lower than in the milk outlet chamber 36, the membrane 35 bends upward and presses the valve 45 against the exhaust tube 46, thereby making it difficult to pump air out of the suction cup 33 of the milking cup 23. As a result, a vacuum gauge is established in the suction cup 33 corresponding to the pressure in the control chamber 38 of the vacuum regulator 22, which changes in accordance with the switching of the pulsator 15. In this case, when the vacuum regulator 22 and the control chamber 19 of the atmospheric pressure valve 20 are fed into the valve box 21 The valve 32 is open and the atmospheric air flows in a dosed stream into the suction cup 33 of the milking cup 23, helping to establish a reduced vacuum pressure in it, and, if available, transporting milk.

The milking machine 1 is installed on the udder of the cow and the milking process begins.

In the suction stroke, the milk enters the outlet tube 46 of the milking cup 23 and flows through the calibrated slot 47 into the milk trap 34, where, through the calibrated slot 41 formed by the overflow tube 40 with the bottom of the milk trap 34, it enters the milk trap 36 and then through the pipe 37 to the milk collection chamber 12 of the collector 13, from where, through an open valve 29, the milk pipe 11 enters the milk trap 10 and then into the milk line 8. When changing the cycle in the pulsator 15 (Fig. 1), atmospheric pressure in the chain: pipe 16, distribution chamber 17, pipe 18 p steps into the control chamber 19 (FIGS. 1, 2) of the pneumatic valve 20 and the valve box 21 of the vacuum regulator 22. As a result, the membrane 30 aligns and releases the valve 32, which opens the communication between the atmospheric pressure chamber 31 and the suction cup 33 of the milking cup 23, and in the control chamber 38 (Fig.2, 3) of the vacuum regulator 22, due to the intake of atmospheric air through the inlet spring-loaded valve 48, the residual vacuum pressure (10 kPa) is set. A decrease in the vacuum pressure in the control chamber 38 leads to an increase in the force of the membrane 35 to press the valve 44 to the exhaust pipe 46, which, while simultaneously introducing atmospheric air through the valve 32, reduces the vacuum pressure in the suction chamber 33 of the milking cup 23 and, due to the air inlet, activates the process of transporting milk along the indicated chain to the milk line 8. Moreover, when the intensity of milk removal from the udder share is not more than 50 ml / min, it does not accumulate in the milk trap 34 and the float 42 with mag nit 43 maintains its lower position. In this case, the reed switch 44 is open and the electrovalve 39 is de-energized.

So carry out the milking of each share of the udder of a cow individually in a gentle manner.

When the intensity of the milk flow increases above 50 ml / min, it accumulates in the milk trap 34, which leads to the float 42 floating up. As a result of removing the magnet of the float 42, the reed switch 44 closes and voltage is supplied from the electric generator 14 to the electrovalve 39, which opens the check valve 50, which provides unhindered pumping of air from the control chamber 38, bypassing the valve 49, and at the same time eliminates the flow of atmospheric air from the valve box 21 into the control chamber 38, except through the valve 48. In this case, in Nia vacuum pressure in the control chamber 38 and the chamber 36 is set molokootvodnoy same, which leads to equalization of the membrane 35 and, as a result, increasing pressure in the vacuum chamber 33 podsoskovoy teatcup 23 to a nominal value. In the compression stroke in the control chamber 38, and hence in the suction cup 33 of the teat cup 23, as well as during milking in the gentle mode, the residual vacuum pressure is maintained, ensuring the teat cup is kept on the nipple. With a significant increase in the intensity of the flow of milk in the milk trap 34, the float 42 floats above its course. In this case, interacting with the protrusion of the overflow tube 40, the float raises it, thereby increasing the gap 41, which leads to an increase in its throughput and a decrease in the level of milk in the milk trap 34.

At the same time, milk accumulates in the milk trap 10, the float pops up and releases the lever 27, which leads to the transfer of the float in the tracking mode.

So carry out milking the cow in nominal mode.

When the intensity of the milk flow in the teatcup 23 decreases below 50 ml / min, the float 42 drops and the reed switch 44 opens, de-energizing the electrovalve 39, thereby closing the check valve 50. Milking starts again in a gentle mode.

With a decrease in the total milk flow from all the milking cups of the milking machine 1 below 50 ml / min, the float with a magnet in the milk trap 10 drops down, the reed switch 24 closes, thereby connecting the electropneumatic valve 25 to the generator. In this case, the vacuum pressure from the vacuum wire 9 through the electro-pneumatic valve 25 through the pipe 26 enters the pneumatic cylinder 3, under the influence of which its piston pulls the cable 2, which closes the valve 29 for the free end of the lever 28, turns off the milking machine 1 and removes it from the cow’s udder, locking in the starting position. Thus, milking of cows is carried out with a controlled milking regimen for each share of the udder of cows separately and the milking apparatus is removed at the end of milking.

The use of this portable manipulator for milking cows on milking machines like ADM-8 will increase labor productivity by 35-40% and reduce the incidence of mastitis of cows by 12-14%.

Information sources

1. SU 1750511 C1, 5 A 01 J 7/00, 07/30/1992.

2. RU 2151499 C1, 7 A 01 J 7/00, 5/007, 06/27/2000.

3. RU 2221417 C2, 7 A 01 J 5/007, 01.20.2004.

Claims (3)

1. A portable manipulator of a linear milking unit, including a milking unit, connected by a cable to a pneumatic cylinder, which is attached to the rack with a swinging bracket, a control unit, which is attached via a connector to the milk line and vacuum line of the milking unit, including a milk trap with a float, by means of a milk pipe connected with a collector milk chamber, as well as a half-wave pulsator equipped with an electric generator, characterized in that the pulsator has two outlet pipes through a paired vacuum tube, it is connected to the distribution chamber of the collector and then to the nozzle with the control chamber of the pneumatic valve and the valve box of the vacuum regulator of a single-chamber milking cup. 2. The portable manipulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic valve of the single-chamber milking cup is made in the form of a control chamber and an atmospheric pressure chamber separated by a flexible membrane, the membrane being connected to a valve blocking the communication between the atmospheric pressure chamber and the suction cup of the milking cup. 3. The portable manipulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the vacuum regulator of the milking cup is made in the form of a milk trap and a milk chamber separated by a flexible membrane, a pipe communicating with the milk collection chamber of the collector, and a control chamber with a valve box and an electrovalve, and the center of the milk trap contains coaxially and a freely installed overflow pipe with a protrusion in the upper part and with a cutout in the lower one to form a calibrated gap for the milk flow with the bottom of the milk trap for the flow of milk with a certain intensity, n For example, 50 ml / min, and a coaxially mounted float with a magnet interacting with the ledge of the overflow tube when the stroke in the milk trap is exceeded, and the magnet interacts with the reed switch mounted on the milk trap, in the center the membrane contains a valve that forms a calibrated gap with the outlet tube of the milking cup and moreover, to ensure the operability of the vacuum regulator, the condition D _m > D _v , where D _m is the diameter of the membrane of the vacuum regulator; D _v - diameter of the exhaust pipe, in this case, based on the equilibrium condition and neglecting the elastic properties of the membrane of the vacuum regulator under the condition of its small displacements, for the diameter D _{m of the} membrane, with a control vacuum pressure P _control in the control chamber, nominal vacuum pressure P _nom in the milk outlet chamber and the required vacuum pressure P _∂ milking cows, the diameter D _{v of the} exhaust tube is

and the valve box of the vacuum regulator contains inlet and outlet spring-loaded valves, as well as a check valve closed by an electrovalve, an electric circuit through a reed switch connected to an electric generator.

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