RU2288361C1 - Method for softening and disintegration of argillaceous sands of gravel deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry, possible use during extraction of natural and man-made gravel deposits of both mineral resources of high density (gold, platinum, etc), and valued minerals of low density.

SUBSTANCE: method for softening and disintegration of argillaceous sands of gravel deposits includes driving a water-feeding trench, driving a water-collecting trench in 80-100 meters along direction of fall of deposit bed in parallel to water-feeding trench, depth of water-collecting trench providing for difference of bottom levels in trenches 1,5-3 meters, filling water-feeding trench with water and recharging it to maintain constant water level by means of gate and spillway with raised spillway gate, building walling dam 1-1,5 meters high, limiting the part of deposit being processed in plan, with spillway, after that outputs of filtration flow into water-collecting trench are constructed which are fixed by wetting of upper slope for height of 1-2 meters, then spillway gate is lowered onto spillway spine, and that part of deposit is flooded with water for depth of 0,8-1,3 meters and this level is maintained for initial softening of argillaceous sands of gravel deposits, after that dredger plant is assembled, consisting of suck-in line with suction device, dredger itself and force sludge duct. At the end of force sludge duct, vortex generator is mounted together with hydrodynamic cavitator, due to which during launch of operation of dredger plant argillaceous sands of gravel deposits along the way from face and suction device of dredger to hydrodynamic cavitator are subjected to second stage of softening and disintegration, and in hydrodynamic cavitator - to third-stage final disintegration, and then are dispatched to dressing plant.

EFFECT: increased productiveness and extraction efficiency during extraction of natural and man-made gravel deposits due to efficient softening and disintegration of argillaceous sands of gravel deposits and release of valued components during hydro-transportation of sands to dressing equipment.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the development of natural and man-made alluvial mineral deposits of both high density (gold, platinum, etc.) and valuable low-density minerals.

A known method of disintegration of sand, based on the combined effect of freezing waterlogged rock mass in winter and subsequent thawing of rocks in the spring-summer period, which leads to the destruction of clay fractions and the release of particles of valuable components [1].

There is also known a method of disintegration of clay sands, consisting in the complex effect of natural factors on particles, including turbulent pulsations of the speed and pressure of the filtration water flows and alternating stresses that occur during freezing and thawing of rocks, as well as seismic waves of earthquakes of small power [2].

The disadvantages of both methods are the low intensity of the disintegration of aggregated particles and the lengthy process over time (it takes several years from the start of the preparation of the placer to the immediate development).

A known method of disintegration of placer sand using washing drums of dragee and scrubber type [3]. In dragee-type washing barrels, the processes of disintegration and screening are combined, which is the main disadvantage of this disintegration equipment, since the design parameters that ensure the effectiveness of the processes of disintegration and screening separately are significantly different from each other. In scrubber-type flushing barrels, the processes of disintegration and screening are separated, but remain insufficiently effective. As noted in the same source (p. 45), partial softening and disintegration of sand can occur during hydrotransportation of the latter through pressure pulp lines.

Closest to the claimed is a method of processing placer gold of small classes before enrichment, including mechanical processing of the sample in an aqueous medium using a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor with a number of cycles from 1 to 70 [4].

This method can be satisfactory only for the purpose of assessing the content of fine gold in an alluvial deposit. If it is used as an element of the production technological process of mining and beneficiation of rock mass, the disadvantages will become obvious: the need to isolate small samples from the total volume of rock mass, batch processing of sand with an unknown number of passage cycles through a cavitation reactor and, as a result, low productivity method, entailing and low productivity of the entire process.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity and degree of extraction, including fine and fine fractions, in the development of natural and man-made placer deposits due to the effective softening and disintegration of clay sands of placer deposits and the release of valuable components in the process of hydrotransport of sands to mineral processing equipment.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of softening and disintegrating clay sands of placer deposits, including sinking a water trench through 80-100 m in the direction of the dip of the formation parallel to the water trench - digging a trench with a depth that provides a difference in bottom marks in trenches of 1.5-3 m, filling the recess trench with water and replenishing it to maintain a constant water level using a shutter and a spillway with a raised spillway shutter; 1.0–1.5 m, limiting in terms of the developed part of the placer, with a spillway after the filtration stream enters the catchment trench, which is fixed by soaking the uphill slope to a height of 1-2 m, lowering the spillway drainage crest, flooding this part placers to a depth of 0.8-1.3 m and maintaining this level subsequently for the primary softening of clay sands of placer deposits, installation of a dredger installation consisting of a line with a suction device, the dredger itself and a pressure pulp duct, at the end of the latter, a vortex generator and hydrodynamic cavitator are installed, when the dredger is put into operation, clay sands of placer deposits on the way from the face and suction device of the dredger to the hydrodynamic cavitator undergo the second stage of softening and disintegration, and in the hydrodynamic cavitator - the third and disintegration concentration plant.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a plan of a landfill for a man-made deposit, primarily worked out by dragees, with mining equipment and a dredger, and Fig. 2 shows a vortex generator.

Landfill 1 of the man-made alluvial deposit is represented by gale-epile dumps 2. Overburden dumps 3 are placed along the length of the landfill. At the landfill 1 under development, there is a water trench with a gate 5 and a spillway 6 with a water gate 7 and a drainage trench 8 at a distance of 80-100 m from the water-discharge . Water is supplied to the water trench 4 with the gate 5 and the spillway 6 with the water gate 7, as a result of which the filtration stream is installed from the water trench 4 into the water trench 8 and the primary softening of the lower placer layer below the depressive surface is carried out. Enclosing dams 9 and 10 with a spillway 11 are erected and, after the filtration stream reaches the uphill of the catchment trench 8, flood the entire landfill 1. This causes the initial softening of the clay sand layer located above the depression surface of the filtration stream, and the softening of the lower layer located below the depression surface. Then, a dredger installation is mounted, consisting of a suction line 12 with a suction device 13, a dredger 14 and a pressure pulp lead 15 with a vortex generator 16 installed at the end and a hydrodynamic cavitator 17. When the dredger is put into operation during the clay sands from the bottom to the cavitator, secondary softening is carried out and disintegration, and when passing through a cavitator in which local pressures of several hundred megapascals develop [5, p. 201], the third-stage final disintegration clayey sands of alluvial deposits.

The method is as follows. At the developed landfill 1 with gale-epile dumps 2 and overburden dumps 3, a water trench 4 passes, a gate 5 is installed and a spillway 6 with a water spill gate 7. At a distance of 80-100 m from the water trench 4, a water trench is cut 8. The bottom mark is in the water-discharge trench 4 should be 1.5-3 m more than the bottom of the catchment trench 8. The water trench 4 is filled through the gate 5 with water, and its level is maintained with the help of the spillway 6 when the drainage gate is raised 7. Then, a loop is constructed along the contour of the developed landfill 1 producing dams 9 and 10 with a height of 1.0-1.5 m, limiting in plan the developed part of the placer, with a spillway 11. A filtration flow is established between the water trench 4 and the drainage trench 8, as a result of which the lower layer of the placer, which is lower, is initially softened depression surface. After the filtration stream enters the uphill slope of the catchment trench 8, which is fixed by soaking of the uphill slope to a height of 1-2 m, the spillway 7 is lowered onto the spillway crest 6 and the entire landfill 1 is flooded with water, as a result of which the primary softening of the clay sands located above the depression surface of the filtration flow, and softening of the lower layer located below the depression surface continues.

Mount a dredger installation consisting of a suction line 12 with a suction device 13, a dredger 14 and a pressure pulp line 15 with a vortex generator 16 installed at the end and a hydrodynamic cavitator 17. When the dredger is put into operation during the clay sands movement from the bottom to the cavitator, they are secondary softened and disintegration, and when passing through the cavitator, the third-stage final disintegration of clay sands of placer deposits.

The proposed method differs from the known ones in increasing the productivity and degree of extraction, including fine and fine fractions, in the development of natural and technogenic placer deposits due to the effective softening and disintegration of clay sands of placer deposits and the release of valuable components in the process of hydrotransport of sands to mineral processing equipment. Moreover, the method does not require significant additional power costs, is not associated with a reduction in the volume of processed clay sands, and, given the high degree of extraction of valuable components, it allows reclamation work in a single technological cycle, which leads to a decrease in the overall negative impact of mining operations on the environment .

Using the proposed method of softening and disintegrating clay sands of placer deposits allows to increase the completeness and quality of the extraction of valuable components from placers with different fractional composition of the developed rock mass.

Information sources

1. Shilo N.A. Fundamentals of the doctrine of placers. M .: Nauka, 1981, 283 p.

2. Patent RU No. 2147684. Litvintsev B.C., Mamaev Yu.A. and other publ. 04/20/2000. Bull. No. 11.

3. Bogdanov E.I. Equipment for transporting and washing sand of placers. M .: Nedra, 1978, p.163, Fig. 64.

4. Uskov NN, Ostashchenko B.A. The method of processing alluvial gold of small classes before enrichment. RF patent №2012417. Publ. 05/15/94. Bull. No. 9.

5. Bashta T.M., Rudnev S.S. et al. Hydraulics, hydraulic machines and hydraulic drives, M.: Mashinostroenie, 1982, 423 pp.

Claims (1)

A method of softening and disintegrating clay sands of placer deposits, including driving a water trench through 80 ÷ 100 m in the direction of the formation layer falling parallel to the water trench - a drainage trench with a depth that provides a difference in the bottom marks in trenches of 1.5 ÷ 3 m, filling the water with the water trench and replenishing it to maintain a constant water level by means of a lock and a spillway with a raised spillway shutter, the construction of a fencing dam with a height of 1 ÷ 1.5 m, which limits the plan there is a placer, with a spillway, after the filtration stream exits into the catchment trench, which is recorded by soaking the uphill slope to a height of 1 ÷ 2 m, lowering the spillway drainage spill to the crest, flooding this part of the placer with water to a depth of 0.8-1.3 m and subsequently maintaining this level for primary softening of clay sands of placer deposits, installation of a dredger installation consisting of a suction line with a suction device, the dredger itself and a pressure pulp duct, characterized in that at the end of the porous slurry conduit, a vortex generator and hydrodynamic cavitator are installed, due to which, when the dredger is put into operation, the clay sands of placer deposits on the way from the bottom of the dredger and the suction device to the hydrodynamic cavitator undergo the second stage of softening and disintegration, and then in the hydrodynamic cavitator and the third concentration plant.

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