RU2188947C2 - Method of placer deposits mining - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining; applicable in mining of placer deposits and also in mining of technogenic deposits. SUBSTANCE: method includes removal of peats, preparation for winning, winning, concentration of sands and storage of concentration tailings. Diversion ditch is excavated on surface of deposit worked district. Formed at beginning of diversion ditch is pioneer pit, and it is filled with water. Shock wave generator is installed in pit and mass of deposit is disintegrated through its entire thickness by shock waves successively over surface slope from top down. Simultaneously with shock wave treatment, water is supplied to region of active action of shock waves. After generator, beyond active action of shock waves, mass of deposit is subjected to specific gravity separation into layers by vibration. Excessive water is supplied together with disintegrated material through diversion ditch to settling basin. After completion of treatment of entire district with shock waves, upper layer of disintegrated material in the form of pulp is removed to settling basin. Low productive layer is taken out and supplied for concentration. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of development of alluvial deposits, can also be used for mining industrial deposits.

 Known methods of hydraulic mining (see S.M.Shorokhov. Technology and complex mechanization of the development of alluvial deposits, M., Nedra, 1973, 766 pp., Pp. 260-307), including erosion of sand by pressure jets, gravity transportation to sumpfu and elevator lift to the flushing device.

 The disadvantages of the known methods is the limited possibility of application due to the large consumption of water resources and a significant environmental load on the environment.

 A closer analogue of the method in technical essence is the method of developing alluvial deposits (patent 2106495, class E 21 C 41/00, 1998), including the removal of peat, irrigation of the cultivated area, restructuring by acoustic processing of the array, draining the area, removing the depleted top layer of sand and extraction of enriched sand.

 The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of mining due to the necessity of mining the prepared area by traditional methods.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the development of alluvial mineral deposits.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that on the surface of the developed section of the deposit pass a drainage ditch along the entire section to remove excess water and disintegrated clay material in the form of pulp. In this case, the heavy fraction, which may also fall into the bypass ditch, will be deposited at the bottom of the ditch when moving and will remain within the area. Subsequently, the material deposited in the ditch will undergo repeated processing and move to the productive layer formed on the raft. To start work on the site at the beginning of the drainage ditch, a pioneer pit is created, it is filled with water, a shock wave generator is installed in the pit, then the array is disintegrated by shock waves to the entire thickness of the bed in sequence along the surface slope from top to bottom. Simultaneously with the shock wave treatment, water is supplied to the area of the active impact of shock waves. Shock waves break bonds between clay particles in the massif, and the presence of additional water ensures the irreversibility of the disintegration process through bonds between particles on the bonds between the particle and water. Following the generator outside the active zone of the impact of shock waves, the array is stratified by density by vibration. In the active zone, intensive mixing of the material of the array occurs. Outside the active mixing zone in an aqueous medium, the material is stratified in density. Heavy and coarse particles sink to the bottom faster than others, less coarser and less dense particles settle with less speed, and the smallest clay particles settle last. In a dense pulp having a high viscosity, the process of separation takes place over a sufficiently long time. To intensify the process of restructuring the array, vibration is used that is much less rigid compared to shock waves, which reduces the viscosity of the medium, and the particles settle faster, forming a kind of “layer cake”, where the lowest layer is represented by the densest and largest fractions, and the topmost layer represented by the sand fraction. Fine clay particles, at the same time, practically do not settle and remain in suspension. In the process of disintegration of the material of the array under the influence of shock wave treatment and the supply of additional volumes of water, the zone of active impact of shock waves generates excess pulp, which must be removed from the landfill. Excess water along with the disintegrated material flows through the drainage ditch into the sump with the aim of purifying the water and re-supplying it to the area of processing of the array by shock waves. After treatment with shock waves of the entire area, the upper layer of disintegrated material in the form of pulp is removed into the sump. To do this, open the upper part of the dam, which encloses the mined area from the sump, and by gravity remove the liquid phase of the processed material of the array. The lower productive layer is removed and fed for enrichment.

 Also, the goal can be achieved by the fact that overburden is removed before the disintegration in the developed area of the field. Then the disintegration of the array is carried out by submersible shock wave generators, and after disintegration, all the material is removed by a suction pump and fed through a slurry pipeline for enrichment.

 This goal can also be achieved by the fact that a section of the field is mined in layers, and not at all capacity at once. To do this, along the site pass a drainage ditch with a base level below the level of the worked-out layer. Extraction equipment is installed at the end of the drainage ditch and a sump is arranged behind it. Then, the layer of the array is disintegrated by submersible shock-wave generators parallel to the outflow ditch, while maintaining the slope of the base of the worked out layer towards the ditch at a sufficient level for the natural flow of the disintegrated pulp into the outflow ditch. The material in the form of pulp enters the extraction equipment along the discharge ditch, where the useful component is extracted, and the extraction tails then enter the receiving sump. From there, the pulp is pumped into the sump. After the top layer has been completely worked out, the drainage ditch and sump again pass to remove the material of the next layer and the subsequent layers are worked out similarly to the previous one.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that at the beginning of the bypass ditch, obstacles are placed in the way of the pulp flow, and at the end of the ditch a sump is arranged. In the cross section of a deep ditch along the entire length, obstacles are built up, for example, vertical partitions that divide the total pulp stream into separate jets, which reduces the live section of the stream and provides a stable, adjustable turbulent mode. A swirl forms behind each partition. In such a stream, the pulp constantly passes through zones of increased and decreased turbulence. The sand fraction and products of incomplete disintegration of clay material, similar in parameters to the sand fraction, are removed from the ditch to the sump. Such a mechanism is similar to the mechanism of channel placer formation in flood conditions. After working out the layer, material from the drainage ditch with obstacles is removed and fed for enrichment, and the pulp from the sump is pumped into the sump during the entire period of working out the layer.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that for the conditions of mining high-power deposits and deposits of weathering crust, during layer-by-wave shock-wave mining of a field site after disintegration and restructuring of each layer of the field field, only the upper part of the sand layer depleted in the useful component is removed, and the lower, enriched , part of the sand layer is combined with the following layer. After working out the last layer of sand, the lower, previously enriched, part of it is taken out and fed for enrichment.

 Consider the method on the example of a specific implementation.

 In FIG. 1, 2 shows a scheme for mining a placer deposit, where 1 is gold-bearing sands, 2 is peat, 3 is a submersible shock wave generator, 4 is a vibrator, 5 is a discharge ditch, 6 is a sump, 7 is a pipeline, 8 is a dam, 9 is pre-enriched sands.

 In the area of the alluvial deposit, in its upper part, containing a layer of gold-bearing sands 1 and a layer of peat 2, a pioneer foundation pit is created, filled with water and a submersible shock wave generator 3 and a vibrator 4 are placed there after it. On the surface of the site spend a drainage ditch 5 to remove excess water and suspensions of clay particles from the area of the worked out area. Excess water and suspended clay particles by gravity flow through the drainage ditch 5 to the sump 6, where the clay particles are deposited, and clarified water is returned again through the pipeline 7 to the shock wave processing. After the site has been completely processed, the liquid phase is moved to the sump 7 by gravity. To do this, open the upper part of the dam 8 to the appropriate level and through this opened part of the dam 8, the pulp containing the bulk of the clay moves by gravity to the sump 7. After the shock-wave treatment, the section of the deposit is a “layered cake” on a raft. All material in the massif is restructured in such a way that particles of the most dense and coarse material are placed directly on the raft, less coarse and less dense lumpy material is located on it, and the uppermost layer is represented by sand. The entire volume of free gold is located in the two lower layers. In the upper layer, gold can be represented only by a fine fraction, close in size to the size of the particles, bordering the "non-gravity" fraction. After the processing of the site, the entire restructured material, represented by pre-enriched sands 9, is removed by traditional means and fed to the enrichment. The extraction of pre-enriched sand 9 is carried out with the necessary cleaning of the raft.

 After the full development of one site begin to develop the next site. The area of the space of the worked out area can serve as a settling tank during the development of the next.

The presented method of developing a placer deposit allows you to:
- conduct mining without early removal of peat;
- reduce the amount of sand supplied for enrichment;
- to increase the level of extraction during mining of hard-washed sand;
- increase the pace of development of the field.

Claims (5)

 1. A method of developing alluvial deposits with the preparation of an array, including the removal of peat, preparation for excavation, excavation, sand dressing and storage of tailings, characterized in that a drainage ditch passes along the surface of the developed section of the deposit, a pioneer pit is created at the beginning of the drainage ditch, it is filled water, install a shock wave generator in the foundation pit, then disintegrate the array with shock waves at the entire burial power successively along the surface slope from top to bottom, about at the same time, water is supplied with shock-wave treatment to the area of active impact of shock waves, and after the generator, outside the active zone of impact of shock waves, the array is stratified by density by vibration, excess water along with disintegrated material is fed through a drainage ditch to the sump, after shock treatment the waves of the entire section remove the upper layer of disintegrated material in the form of pulp in the sump, and the lower productive layer is removed and fed for enrichment.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the overburden is removed before the disintegration in the field being worked out, then the array is disintegrated by submersible shock wave generators, and after disintegration, all the material is removed by a suction pump and fed through a slurry pipeline for enrichment.  3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the section of the field is worked out in layers, for this purpose a drainage ditch with a base level below the level of the layer to be worked is laid, extraction equipment is installed at the end of the drainage ditch and a sump is arranged behind it, then the layer is disintegrated an array of submersible shock wave generators, while supporting the slope of the sole of the worked-out layer towards the ditch at a sufficient level for the natural flow of the disintegrated pulp into the bypass ditch, discharge gutter-like material is fed to the pulp extracting equipment, and then the receiving sump, from where the pulp is pumped to a settling tank, after a complete working off the top layer again tested diverter ditch and sump to remove material of the next layer, and work out the next layer.  4. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that at the beginning of the drainage ditch, obstacles are placed in the way of the pulp flow, and at the end of the ditch a sump is arranged and after the layer is worked out, material from the drainage ditch with obstacles is removed and fed for enrichment, and the pulp is pumped out of the sump in the sump during the entire period of development of the layer.  5. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1 and 3, characterized in that during layer-by-layer shock-wave mining of a field site after disintegration and restructuring of each layer of the field site, only the upper part of the sand layer is removed, and the lower part of the layer is combined with the following layer, and after the last layer is worked out, its lower part is removed and served for enrichment.

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