RU2287928C2 - Method for acting upon clouds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: meteorology.

SUBSTANCE: method involves introducing reactant contained within aerosol generators at 200-400 m altitude into ascending flows; providing operation of aerosol generators at indicated altitude.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in influencing upon clouds and increased efficiency in anti-hail protection.

Description

The invention relates to meteorology, in particular to methods for actively influencing clouds during anti-hail operations and works on artificial regulation of precipitation.

There is a method for active exposure to clouds, which consists in introducing an active aerosol into the frontal part of the cloud into the zone of ascending flows into the layer between isothermal levels from -6 ° C to -12 ° C using anti-hail rockets, which are on the flight path when burning a pyrotechnic bomb with an ice-forming reagent form an active aerosol route. When aerosol particles get into the region of a supercooled cloud, they form crystallization nuclei, the number of which is many times greater than the number of natural particles in the atmosphere. The initial concentration of ice-forming particles should be 10 ¹⁰ -10 ¹¹ cores per m ³ . As a result, a large concentration of crystals is formed on the crystallization nuclei, which aggregate with each other, become cloudy drops and turn into snow croup, which, when falling through the warm layers of the atmosphere, have time to melt, turning into rain, M. Abshaev RD 52.37.596-88. Instruction Active effects on hail processes, - Gidrometeoizdat, S.-P., 1999. - 32 p.). Also known is a pyrotechnic composition for causing precipitation both at negative and at positive cloud temperatures (patent No. 2090548 in class C 06 D 3/00 and A 01 G 15/00).

Closest to the invention is a method (taken as a prototype) of exposure to clouds using Elbrus-4 artillery shells equipped with explosives (BB) mixed with a reagent (silver iodide). A projectile equipped with a remote fuse is installed before loading the projectile into the barrel of the gun for the required response time and fire so that the projectile explodes at the required range and at an altitude of 3-8 km (at isotherms of -6 ° C to -12 ° C ) The Elbrus-4 projectile was also used to induce precipitation when exposed to “warm” clouds, and a hygroscopic substance, sodium chloride, was used as a reagent. (Bibilashvili A.Sh., Burtsev II, Seregin Yu.A. Guidelines for the organization and conduct of anti-hail works. - Gidrometeoizdat, L., 1981, p. 8 and 117-126).

The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of the shot, associated with the need to introduce the reagent at high altitudes from 3 to 8 km, and a significant decrease (by an order of magnitude) of the ice-forming efficiency of the reagent in the explosion of an anti-hail projectile, which, in turn, requires an increased consumption of shells and increases the cost of anti-hail protection.

The objective of the invention is to provide a method of influencing the clouds, providing increased efficiency of anti-hail protection and reducing its cost.

This problem is solved due to the fact that the reagent is delivered as a part of aerosol generators to a height of 200-400 m from the earth's surface in ascending flows and ensure their operation at this height.

The proposed method is as follows.

Using the MPL-5 type meteorological radar, cloud parameters are determined with the release of the radio echo of hail and hail clouds, the area of increased radio echo and the zone of upward flows.

In the direction coinciding with the direction of the cloud’s movement, a reagent is introduced into the frontal part of the cloud into the zone of ascending flows to a height of 200-400 m from the earth’s surface, which, rising up to the supercooled part of the cloud (to the level of -6 ° C isotherm), creates artificial crystallization nuclei. Mixing with the moisture of the supercooled part of the cloud on the crystallization nuclei, an avalanche-like growth of crystals occurs, their aggregation, capture of small supercooled cloud drops and the formation of artificial snow groats in high concentrations. Having reached a critical weight, this croup falls out of the zone of ascending flows, melts in the warm part of the atmosphere and turns into rain, reducing the temperature of the layers of air adjacent to the earth and suppressing the ascending flows. Thus, in this way they are fighting not with hail, but with the cause that generates it.

Calculations and experimental verification show that, with a total mass of pyrotechnic composition in the aerosol generators fired from the product’s mortar, 100-150 g (with 10 ¹³ nuclei leaving 1 g of the composition), the total number of ice-forming cores from 1 product will be approximately 10 ¹⁵ at a price of 1 products 600-700 rub.

The experimental measurements of the yield of ice-forming nuclei during the explosion of the Elbrus-4 anti-hail projectile, carried out by the Alpine Geophysical Institute (Nalchik), show that the total number of cores from 1 Elbrus-4 projectile does not exceed 10 ¹⁴ at a shot price of about 6000 rubles.

Thus, the implementation of the proposed method will increase under certain conditions the effectiveness of the impact on the clouds, while reducing the total cost of the impact.

In the patent and scientific literature, the proposed method is not known.

The proposed method can be easily implemented in a city protection system.

The proposed method is not obvious and meets the criterion of "Inventive step".

Claims (1)

The method of exposure to clouds, which consists in introducing the reagent into the frontal part of the cloud in the zone of upward flows, characterized in that the reagent is delivered as a part of aerosol generators to a height of 200-400 m into the upward flows and ensure their operation at this height.