RU2645398C2 - Battery garnet of reagents to combat with natural and technogenic cataclysms and its consequences - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting operations.

SUBSTANCE: device was obtained by replacing the pyrotechnic stars in the firework type device with the garnets, containing dyes (or coagulants, or chemical reagents) in powdered or liquid form, turning into the aerosol or the dusty smog under the influence of the pyrotechnic charge, the fairly uniform and dense cloud is created at the chosen area, which depositing on the specified surface, solves the problem by using the sun and wind energy by the required way.

EFFECT: specified area processing efficiency increase of the water or the earth's surface, the air space, that need immediate human impact to reduce or prevent the consequences of the critical situation that has arisen.

5 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a device for fireworks "Battery of fireworks", in which the pyrotechnic stars are replaced by explosive grenades made in a spherical or cylindrical shape with a bursting charge, ignited by a retardant wick, and made:

- by placing in a strong packaging soot or other dyes, or obtained by semi-dry pressing of soot and other dyes; or

- by placing in a strong packaging of the coagulant, or obtained by semi-dry pressing of the coagulant; or

- by placing in a strong package the means to neutralize toxic fumes, gases, smog, aerosol emissions, or obtained by semi-dry pressing from the means to neutralize toxic fumes, gases, smog, aerosol emissions.

BACKGROUND

An analog device is fireworks, which is mentioned in the following sources:

1) Sarieva. Fireworks in Russia of the 18th century // Entertaining culture of Russia of the 18th-19th centuries. Essays on history and theory. - SPb .: 2000.

2) Miracles of fireworks. Kazuma Saeki // Fireworks Science, SOFTBANK Creative Corp. 2011. 7. ISBN 978-4-7973-6450-7.

3) Kochurov N.I. Pesticide pomegranate battery // Patent No. RU 2556140.

Fireworks are similar in structure to the mortar artillery, which from the 14th century to the beginning of the 19th century was the only weapon firing explosive shells.

For "fun" the system was simplified as much as possible, the trunk was made in the east from bamboo and from multilayer paper, in Europe - from wood, leather, bone, horn, thin-walled metal pipes.

In this case, a disposable paper barrel, giving the direction of movement of the projectile, is at the same time a container for assembling the entire device.

In the lower part, at the mouth of the barrel, a ceramic refractory shutter is installed, which does not allow the energy of the buoyant charge to burst back.

This charge itself is located immediately above the shutter, ignited by means of an incendiary cord, or a moderator wick, the length of which determines the time between ignition of the wick and ignition of the buoyant charge, which allows the fireworks organizer to be at a safe distance from the device.

The pyrotechnic shell is located above the buoyant charge and consists of a bursting charge with a second wick, which when ignited scatters either pyrotechnic stars or other pyrotechnic charges (which, in turn, shoot the next cascade of pyrotechnic charges or stars).

Many years ago, these fireworks began to be combined into "Batteries of fireworks" to enhance the festive effect.

Its device is not very complicated.

Fireworks containers are combined into rectangular or round “sets”, “beams”, “blocks” or “batteries”, their ejecting charges are connected by an ignition cord in a certain order, and the charges are fired alternately with the interval specified by the lengths of the lengths of the igniter cord-moderator. The shots take place one after the other, almost continuously, and as a result a unique picture of the fiery performance is created in the sky.

Moreover, everything is accompanied by very loud pops on the ground and in the air.

Pyrotechnic devices (stars) usually consist of an inner core made of glass or metal and several layers of chemicals, which, when burnt, after the bursting charge is triggered, create the desired color and effect.

At the same time, a DENSE CLOUD OF SMOKE is formed, which, moving in the wind, sinking to the ground, leaves on the ground, especially in fresh snow, a clearly visible spot of unburned residues falling in the form of an egg, with the greatest extent of the spot - up to 300 meters and up to 100 meters across.

This phenomenon makes it possible to expand the field of application of these devices to a completely new area - to combat natural phenomena and technological incidents that are negative for life and human activity.

The difference between this device and the patented invention is that it never had a shell design that allows us to obtain the desired effect.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The grenade battery is intended for exposure to a dust cloud sprayed at a given height and in a given volume of space:

- soot or other dyes on the snow cover, the ice cover of the reservoirs to repeatedly enhance the effect of received solar energy on them, which allows you to accelerate the melting of snow and ice, which, in turn, makes it possible to avoid catastrophic consequences when quickly opening rivers and uncontrolled avalanches on the territory of human life;

- coagulants on an oil stain (or a stain of another origin) on the surface of the water or other hard-to-reach surface to neutralize the negative impact of this pollution on the living environment of people and the whole living world;

- active chemicals on a cloud of poisonous smoke (gas, smog, etc.) to neutralize and precipitate on the surface.

This effect is achieved by the destruction at a given height of a special grenade stuffed with soot or dyes, or coagulants, or chemically active substances, with a pre-calculated lesion density. A grenade can be a container (for example, a plastic one) with liquid chemicals, from which an aerosol cloud is created when detonated at a given height, to actively affect another cloud that dangerously infects the atmosphere.

Subject to the necessary conditions, these artificially created clouds affect the area and volume of negative phenomena on the earth and in the atmosphere, reducing or even eliminating their harm to human life and health.

A grenade (a volley of grenades) is thrown to the calculated height by a knock-out powder charge located at the bottom of the container in which this grenade is placed.

Undermining the grenade is carried out due to the wick-moderator, which is ignited when the expelling charge is triggered. The length of the wick determines the time of slowing the explosion of a grenade.

The power of the subversive charge is determined based on the device of the grenade and the task at hand.

When creating a bright spot for the maximum capture of sunlight on the ice of a reservoir or on a mountain slope, the minimum charge power is used.

If the active substance is active antidotes, the maximum power.

The main objective of this invention is to solve the problem of dramatically enhancing this side effect of the popular fireworks for use in a new field.

This area - the fight against negative natural phenomena, environmental and technological disasters and their consequences today requires a lot of effort and cost.

This invention is intended to accelerate the increase in returns and labor productivity, and reduce the cost of these works.

Every year we witness the flooding of settlements, right down to the centers of the constituent entities of the federation with ice drifts on the great rivers of Russia. At the same time, the flood control is carried out with a huge strain of forces and means.

Ice is blown up, bombed from planes, shot from guns. Nature causes irreparable damage.

Fight ice and by hand. To reduce the load of the ice mass on the bridge supports, wormwood is cut out and hollowed out in ice in front of the supports. This hard labor is often accompanied by casualties.

On roads through mountain passes, avalanches often close transport links for many days and weeks.

In places of recreation and residence of people, in mountainous areas, avalanches cause victims, grief and misfortune.

To combat snow and ice, a method of BLACKING SURFACE of snow or ice has long been known. In this case, the sun does its hardest work, its bright rays. Instantly, in a few days thawed ice appears on the ice, rivers are freed from ice without nightmarish consequences for humans.

However, this method is very time-consuming and dangerous due to hidden gaps on the ice, and on the mountain slopes is generally impossible.

The application of this invention allows you to create black spots (if desired, any color) in that part of the area that is selected for active sun exposure to accelerate the melting of snow and ice by introducing a coloring substance in a predetermined concentration at a precisely designated time with high labor productivity, at minimize side effects and with minimal risk to performers.

In the fight against avalanches now use anti-aircraft artillery. This requires high costs, trained specialists and a lot of approvals. And still, an avalanche is not prevented, and its descent is stimulated with minimization of consequences.

The proposed method allows to prevent avalanches by stimulating the melting of ice during the day, while the melted water will freeze and bind the snow mass at night, preventing avalanches.

The same method can also be used in agriculture to accelerate the release of snow from land in the floodplains of the river for the early cultivation of vegetable crops. Typically, floodplains in central Russia are cleared of snow a week or two later than the surrounding fields, which does not allow them to get the first crop on time.

Processing these areas with this device will allow growers to earn extra income by competing with imported vegetables much earlier.

When dealing with the spill of oil and petroleum products, it is important that they are collected as quickly as possible. To do this, with existing technologies you need to collect a large number of people and special equipment.

In the case of applying the proposed method of exposure to the stain with coagulants, work can be carried out to a large extent from the shore, while reducing the number of people and equipment.

When using the proposed device for combating toxic smoke, gases and air pollution, it makes it possible to solve the problem also with minimal involvement of forces and means and in the shortest possible time.

The first most obvious step in this direction is to change the design of the pyrotechnic shell (hereinafter grenades) so that as much of the energy as possible is directed to deliver to the desired area of the earth's surface and atmosphere, and with a sufficient charge density of soot (coloring matter) or coagulant or active chemical.

In this case, the following issues must be resolved:

- to achieve the maximum possible, but safe mass of grenades;

- to achieve the creation of a dense, even dusty, finely dispersed or aerosol cloud of coloring, physically or chemically active substances;

- to develop a line of grenades for substances assigned to the solution of each of the tasks and agreed with regulatory documents of different customers.

This immediately requires the solution of another group of problems - it is necessary to finalize the design of the battery guide containers, because:

- the weight of the grenade will increase;

- there is no need to raise a grenade to a high height (in modern fireworks up to 300 meters) due to the fact that the maximum height of the shot will not exceed 60 meters to affect the ice cover of water bodies and snow cover on the plain, as well as oil stains. At the same time, to prevent avalanches, obviously, the height will have to be made as high as possible.

Grenade can be made in several ways:

- in the event that it is not intended to use the device in conditions where a fire is possible, the projectile is assembled in a paper multilayer bag of lightweight durable black paper. In this case, the dye (or a coagulant or a chemically active substance), placed in a bag, is equipped with a bursting charge with an ignition wick and packaged so as not to be damaged when ejected from the container. This type of charge promises to be the cheapest, because does not require additional equipment on the production line;

- semi-dry pressing of soot or dyes, or chemicals of two hemispheres of a spherical grenade with a chamber inside to place a burst charge with an ignition wick, which are then glued to place a burst charge in the inner cavity with a wick;

- semi-dry pressing of soot or dyes, or chemicals in the form of an artillery shell with a chamber to accommodate a bursting charge with a wick. To moisten soot or dyes, sugar syrup should be used before pressing, this will create a structure that is easily destroyed by a bursting charge into dust, without the formation of large fragments;

- for chemical reagents manufactured in liquid or dusty form, a plastic container should be made of brittle refractory plastic, which does not give large fragments upon destruction.

The weight of a grenade can reach 500 grams or more.

Weighting the grenade mass, you probably have to strengthen the design of the guide barrel container.

This issue can be resolved by adding 3-4 layers of aluminum foil to the inside of the barrel.

Of course, all these tasks will have their practical solution only after the customers are determined, the range of tasks and the list of dyes or chemicals used.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 - device container charged with a painting shell or painting grenade (pyrotechnic shell), a vertical section.

1 - a container of several layers of dense cellulose or other material;

2 - ignition wick, protrudes outward and transfers ignition fire with a given deceleration to an ejection charge;

3 - coloring shell or painting grenade:

coloring projectile - is a bag of several layers (for example, six) of dense thin paper or other material, filled with soot or paint, or a coagulant (absorbent), or a chemically active substance with a bursting charge inside, equipped with a wick-moderator of a given length;

dyeing grenade - is a soot or dye, or a coagulant (absorbent) or chemical reagent obtained by the method of dry pressing, or by pumping a liquid chemical reagent into a plastic container (or a container of another material), a shell with a burst charge equipped with a moderator wick given value.

4 - a wick of an explosive charge or a wick-moderator - lights up at the moment of operation of an expelling charge and activates an explosive charge of a grenade at a given height;

5 - buoyant charge - the charge of gunpowder, when ignited with the help of a fuse, the grenade is pushed up, while the bursting wick or moderator is ignited;

6 - refractory shutter - a ceramic plug pressed into the lower end of the container to prevent breakthrough of powder gases;

7 - a bursting charge inside a projectile or grenade, ignited by a wick-moderator, which is ignited when a buoyant charge is actuated, which is activated by a fuse.

FIG. 2 - reagent grenade battery, side view, top view, consists of a set of containers integrated into the battery.

1 - a container of several layers of dense cellulose or other material.

FIG. 3 - a coloring shell-bag filled with soot or paint, or a coagulant (absorbent), or a chemically active substance with a bursting charge inside, equipped with a wick-moderator of a given length; or a coloring grenade - obtained by the method of semi-dry pressing of soot or dye, or a coagulant (absorbent) or chemical reagent, or by pumping a liquid chemical reagent into a plastic container (or a container of another material), a shell with a burst charge equipped with a moderator moderator horizontal cut.

7 - a bursting charge inside a projectile or grenade, ignited by a wick-moderator, which is ignited when a buoyant charge is actuated, which is activated by a fuse.

4 - wick bursting charge or wick-moderator - lights up at the moment of operation of the buoyant charge and activates the bursting charge of the grenade at a given height;

5 - buoyant charge - the charge of gunpowder, when ignited with the help of a fuse, the grenade is pushed up, while the bursting wick or moderator is ignited;

2 - ignition wick, protrudes outward and transfers ignition fire with a given deceleration to an ejection charge.

FIG. 4 - a coloring shell-bag filled with soot or paint, or a coagulant (absorbent), or a chemically active substance with a bursting charge inside, equipped with a wick-moderator of a given length; or a coloring grenade - obtained by the method of semi-dry pressing of soot or dye, or a coagulant (absorbent) or chemical reagent, or by pumping a liquid chemical reagent into a plastic container (or a container of another material), a shell with a burst charge equipped with a moderator moderator , vertical cut.

7 - a bursting charge inside a grenade, ignited by a wick-moderator, which is ignited when a buoyant charge is actuated, driven by a fuse.

4 - wick bursting charge or wick-moderator - lights up at the moment of operation of the buoyant charge and activates the bursting charge of the grenade at a given height;

5 - buoyant charge - the charge of gunpowder, when ignited with the help of a fuse, the grenade is pushed up, while the bursting wick or moderator is ignited;

2. - the ignition fuse protrudes outward and transfers the ignition light with a given deceleration to the buoyancy charge.

FIG. 5 - a container of several layers of dense cellulose or other material for placement inside it and directing up a grenade or projectile with an ejection charge. With an increase in the weight of a grenade or projectile and the power of the buoyant charge, to save money and technology, it can be reinforced with additional layers of aluminum foil.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A battery of grenade reagents for combating natural and man-made disasters and their consequences, which is a set of cylindrical containers made of cellulose, in each of which is mounted a blow-out kit with an ejected grenade (grenade composition: packaged or pressed powder dye (for example, soot) or a coagulant, or a chemical reagent, or a liquid chemical reagent in a plastic container or a container of another material, with a subversive charge inside, starts up and explodes Xia at a predetermined height, thus spreading of dust or aerosol.

Scope and method of application.

This invention should begin to be applied in at least three sectors of the Russian economy:

1. In the activities of the state, including the EMERCOM of Russia, related to the prevention of natural disasters.

Today, spring floods on the rivers of Russia, due to its size and the diversity of the natural conditions of its regions, are a many-month and often catastrophic test of the population, economic facilities and the system for their protection and prevention of these disasters.

And despite the enormous efforts in the fight against these phenomena, the victory of man is not at all obvious.

As a result - losses, material, and most importantly - human.

The application of this invention allows to minimize a significant part of these disasters while minimizing labor and material costs, as well as without harming the environment.

On mountain passes, in places of passage of roads, in the vicinity of mountain villages and ski resorts, snow avalanches are a terrible threat to life, health and preservation of property of people.

The only way to deal with them today is to stimulate their descent with artillery fire. The consequences are not excluded, but only minimized, if possible.

Our device allows you to prevent avalanches, at least from the sunny side of the slopes, where most people are.

When painting black (or any other, at the customer’s choice) fresh snow on threatening slopes, the sun will turn large volumes of water into it in the daytime, even at freezing temperatures. At night, this water will freeze, and a frozen snow mass will hold avalanches. With each new day, the volume of frozen snow will only increase. This will protect both people and their homes from avalanches.

2. In the activities of the state, including the Russian Emergencies Ministry, related to the fight against the consequences of natural and man-made disasters.

During oil spills, it often happens that neither money nor time is enough to collect them from the surface of the reservoir.

Our device allows to save both that, and another, having applied powdery coagulants massively and at a distance with a minimum number of participants in the process.

In case of leakage of hazardous gases from storages, in case of smoke hazardous to human health in case of fire, to protect the population from the actions of terrorists, the device can be used by charging grenades with chemicals that can neutralize the negative impact on human health. To do this, create a dust cloud of a chemical absorbent and let it chase after a cloud of poisonous air. When the air masses are mixed, neutralization will occur. The neutralizing chemical can be selected so that when an explosive charge is detonated, it ignites and creates not a dust cloud, but a gas cloud of the desired chemical composition.

3. In agriculture:

In central Russia, the cultivation of garden and vegetable crops in open ground, as a rule, is concentrated in river floodplains, in those places where snow melts 1-2 weeks later than in the surrounding fields.

When using the proposed device, the thawing process can be accelerated and a crop of cabbage, tomato, cucumbers, radishes, carrots and greens 2-3 weeks earlier can be obtained, while achieving a good financial result.

Application technology:

- all work must be carried out with an even, steady, moderate wind;

- the area on which work is performed should be shielded with a signal tape (if the area is large, dividing it first into smaller areas);

- on the windward side of the site selected for processing, the estimated number of reagent grenade batteries is set and activated;

If necessary (unexpected late snow), repeated use is possible.

The work is carried out by a link of 2-3 people with high labor productivity of workers with their low qualifications.

Cost of the project.

The cost of resolving issues using this invention will consist of two parts:

- the cost of the grenade battery itself, obviously, will not seriously differ from the cost of the battery of fireworks, because the container block itself is likely to retain its value, and the cost of a grenade can be even lower than the cost of a pyrotechnic shell, because grenade - a single-stage product and much simpler in its structure than a multi-stage and complex pyrotechnic shell;

- The cost of direct application also promises to be cheaper than any of the existing technologies.

It is assumed that the work will be carried out by a link of 2-3 people with one truck or moving on a snowmobile.

By acting on a very limited area, they will be able to create an increased concentration of dyes, coagulants or chemicals at the point of exposure and repeat the treatment as necessary. Those. savings can be obtained both at the price of the equipment involved, and in the quantity and cost of labor.

So, according to our estimates, the project is quite competitive in price.

Safety and labor requirements.

The safety equipment for equipping a grenade reagent battery at the factory will be determined by the manufacturer’s management based on the properties of the selected dye, coagulant or chemical reagent and the factory equipment.

Safety when using these devices during application should be ensured by the manufacturer of these works.

The first and most important thing is to be in harmony with the wind, because it is the main force in this work.

At the time of the work, the wind should be even and have a stable direction.

To control the wind, each link should be equipped with an airfield wind direction indicator and a device for measuring wind speed.

Also, the equipment kit should include a signal tape to protect the work area and prohibition signs.

The fencing area should exceed the area designated for processing per millimeter caliber of the container, taken in meters from each side of the treated area.

Working links should be equipped with rubber boots, jackets made of thick fabric with a hood and a respirator.

The grenade battery is installed on the windward side in increments specified in the instructions.

At the same time, the way back to the safe sector must be foreseen and verified.

Conclusion

Of course, one cannot rely on the use of this device to provide 100% results in a single application.

Of great importance here is the activity of the sun these days and other factors. But the timely application of this invention will provide a significant reduction in the consequences of natural and technological disasters on our land, and even, possibly, their complete prevention.

Claims (1)

The reagent grenade battery for combating natural and man-made disasters and their consequences consists of a set of cylindrical containers made, for example, of cellulose, similar in design to a “fireworks battery”, in each of which a set of expelling charge with a ball-shaped or cylindrical grenade emitted by it is mounted characterized in that the grenades thrown from the containers are either packed in a special bag or pressed powdery dye (soot) or coagulant, or a chemical reagent, or a liquid chemical reagent in a special container with a subversive charge inside, which explodes at a given height by means of an ignition cord (moderator) and turns the grenade into a cloud of dust (aerosol), while the light and sound effect is minimized.

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