RU2556140C2 - Battery of pesticide grenades - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of pest control. The battery of pesticide grenades consists of a set of cylindrical containers. The containers are made of cellulose. In each container a kit of ejection charge and grenades are mounted. The grenade is a compressed powdered pesticide or liquid pesticide in a plastic container with the explosive charge inside, or a container with entomophagous insects. The grenade is made with the ability of demolition at a predetermined height. The demolition is produced by ignition cord of the delay element. The possibility is provided to apply the active substance at a predetermined concentration at the exactly appointed time.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of labour, minimised side effects.

5 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a device for fireworks "Battery of fireworks", in which pyrotechnic stars are replaced by:

- spherical or cylindrical grenades obtained by the method of semi-dry pressing from a powder - pesticide with a bursting charge inside, a flammable wick - moderator; or

- containers made of fireproof plastic, filled with a pesticide in liquid form, with a bursting charge inside, ignited with a moderator wick; or

- containers made of fireproof plastic filled with entomophagous insects.

The invention also relates to the development of grenade lines, each of which is designed to solve a set of tasks to combat its specific type of pests and insects in their natural environment.

BACKGROUND

An analog device is fireworks, which is mentioned in the following sources:

1) Sarieva. Fireworks in Russia of the 18th century // Entertaining culture of Russia of the 18th-19th centuries. Essays on history and theory. - SPb .: 2000.

2) Miracles of fireworks. Kazuma Saeki // Fireworks Science, SOFTBANK Creative Corp.l 2011.7. ISBN978-4-7973-6450-7.

Fireworks are similar in structure to the mortar artillery, which from the 14th century to the beginning of the 19th century was the only weapon firing explosive shells.

For "fun" the system was simplified as much as possible, the trunk was made in the east from bamboo and from multilayer paper, in Europe - from wood, leather, bone, horn, thin-walled metal pipes.

In this case, a disposable paper barrel (a), giving the direction of movement of the projectile, is at the same time a container for assembling the entire device (Fig. 1).

In the lower part, at the mouth of the barrel, a ceramic refractory shutter (b) is installed, which does not allow the energy of the buoyant charge to burst back. This charge (c) itself is located immediately above the shutter, ignited by an incendiary cord (g), or a moderator wick, the length of which determines the time between ignition of the wick and the ignition of the buoyant charge, which allows the fireworks organizer to be at a safe distance from the device.

The pyrotechnic shell (e) is located above the buoyant charge and consists of a bursting charge with a second wick, which, when ignited, scatters either pyrotechnic stars or other pyrotechnic charges (which fire, in turn, the next cascade of pyrotechnic charges or stars).

Many years ago, these fireworks began to be combined into "Batteries of fireworks" to enhance the festive effect. Its device is very simple.

The containers of fireworks are combined into rectangular or round “sets”, “beams”, “blocks” or “batteries”, their ejecting charges are connected by an ignition cord in a certain order, and the charges are fired alternately with the interval specified by the lengths of the lengths of the ignition cord - moderator. The shots take place one after another, almost continuously, and as a result, a unique picture of the fiery performance is created in the sky.

Moreover, everything is accompanied by very loud pops on the ground and in the air. Pyrotechnic devices (stars) usually consist of an inner core made of glass or metal and several layers of chemicals, which, when burnt, after the bursting charge is triggered, create the desired color and effect.

At the same time, a DENSE CLOUD OF SMOKE is formed, which, moving in the wind, sinking to the ground, leaves on the ground, especially in fresh snow, a clearly visible spot of unburned residues falling in the form of an egg, with the greatest extent of the spot - up to 300 meters and up to 100 meters across.

This phenomenon makes it possible to expand the scope of application of these devices to a completely new area - pest control.

The difference between this device and the patented invention is that it never had a shell design that allows us to obtain the desired effect.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The battery of pesticidal grenades is intended for exposure to an aerosol or dust cloud sprayed at a given height and in a given volume of pesticide space on the affected areas of forest and agricultural plants affected by pests and diseases.

This effect is achieved by destroying at a given height a special grenade stuffed with pressed or liquid pesticides, with a pre-calculated lesion density.

A container with insects can act as a grenade, from which, when detonated at a given height, a cloud of entomophagous insects is created. Subject to the necessary conditions, these artificially created clouds affect the area and volume of forest plantations and crops affected by pests and diseases. A grenade (a volley of grenades) is thrown to the calculated height by a knock-out powder charge located at the bottom of the container in which this grenade is placed.

Undermining the grenade is carried out due to the wick-moderator, which is ignited when the expelling charge is triggered. The length of the wick determines the time of slowing the explosion of a grenade.

The power of the subversive charge is determined based on the device of the grenade. When creating a cloud of insect entomophages, the charge power is minimal. If the working substance is pressed pesticides, the maximum power.

The main objective of this invention is to solve the problem of dramatically enhancing this side effect of the popular fireworks for use in a new field.

This area - the fight against pests of wood crops, crops and epidemic pathogens - has come to a standstill today.

The most effective way - spraying pesticides from aircraft - often gives so many side negative results and consequences that today it is almost never used.

The introduction of pesticides manually, even with the use of ground equipment and mechanization means, is expensive, inefficient, and often simply dangerous to the performers of these works because of their low qualifications and low, as a rule, technological discipline.

The use of the present invention allows pesticides to be applied precisely to that part of the terrain that is selected for the application of the active substance in a predetermined concentration at a precisely appointed time with high labor productivity and while minimizing side effects.

The first most obvious step in this direction is to change the design of the pyrotechnic shell (hereinafter grenades) so that as much of the energy as possible is directed to deliver to the desired area of the earth's surface and with a sufficient charge density of the pesticide. In this case, the following issues must be resolved:

- to achieve the maximum possible, but safe mass of grenades;

- to achieve the creation of a dense, even and finely divided aerosol cloud of liquid pesticides, or the same dust cloud of powdered pesticides;

- to develop a line of pomegranate grenades for pesticides prescribed for use in solving the problems of controlling various groups of pests, at different times of the year and coordinated with regulatory documents of different customers.

This immediately requires the solution of another group of problems - it is necessary to finalize the design of the battery guide containers, because:

- the weight of the grenade will increase;

- the need to raise a grenade to a great height (in modern fireworks up to 300 meters) disappears due to the fact that the maximum shot height will not exceed two tree heights, i.e. no more than 60 meters.

To control locusts, mosquitoes and ticks - no more than 25-40 meters.

Pomegranate can be made in several ways (Fig. 2):

- semi-dry pressing from powder pesticides of two hemispheres of a spherical grenade with a chamber inside to place a burst charge with an ignition wick (a), which are then glued together with a burst charge in the inner cavity with a wick (a-2);

- semi-dry pressing of powder pesticides in the form of an artillery shell with a chamber for placing a burst charge with a wick (b);

To moisturize pesticides before pressing, sugar syrup should be used, this will create a structure that is quite easily destroyed by a bursting charge into dust, without the formation of large fragments. In addition, sugar will not change the properties of the pesticide.

- for pesticides manufactured in liquid or dusty form, a plastic container should be made of brittle refractory plastic, which does not give large fragments upon destruction (c);

- It is also possible the manufacture of grenades using technology close to traditional;

- from papier-mâché impregnated with a fire-fighting compound. The weight of a grenade can reach 500 grams or more.

Weighting the grenade mass, you probably have to strengthen the design of the guide barrel - the container.

This issue can be resolved by adding 3-4 layers of aluminum foil to the inside of the barrel (g).

Of course, all these tasks will have their practical solution only after the customers are determined, the range of tasks and the list of applied pesticides.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 - device container charged with a pesticide grenade (pyrotechnic shell), a vertical section.

1 - a container of twenty layers of dense cellulose;

2 - ignition wick, protrudes outward and transfers ignition fire with a given deceleration to an ejection charge;

3 - pesticidal grenade, is a grenade case made of pesticidal powder obtained by semi-dry pressing, or a plastic container with liquid pesticide injected into it, or a container filled with entomophagous insects equipped with explosive charges;

4 - a wick of an explosive charge or a wick-moderator - lights up at the moment of operation of an expelling charge and activates an explosive charge of a grenade at a given height;

5 - buoyant charge - the charge of gunpowder, when ignited with the help of a fuse, the grenade is pushed up, while the bursting wick or moderator is ignited;

6 - refractory shutter - a ceramic plug pressed into the lower end of the container to prevent breakthrough of powder gases;

7 - a bursting charge inside a grenade, ignited by a wick-moderator, which is ignited when a buoyant charge is actuated, driven by a fuse.

FIG. 2 - pesticidal grenade battery, side view, top view, consists of a set of containers integrated into the battery.

1 - a container of twenty layers of dense pulp.

FIG. 3 - a plastic capsule with a liquid pesticide or entomophagous insects, or a grenade made from a semi-dry pressed pesticide powder in the form of a cylinder or an artillery shell (high-explosive fragmentation grenade) with a bursting charge inside and a wick-moderator that activates this charge, a horizontal cut.

7 - a bursting charge inside a grenade, ignited by a wick-moderator, which is ignited when a buoyant charge is triggered by a fuse.

4 - a wick of an explosive charge or a wick-moderator - lights up at the moment of operation of an expelling charge and activates an explosive charge of a grenade at a given height;

5 - buoyant charge - the charge of gunpowder, when ignited with the help of a fuse, the grenade is pushed up, while the bursting wick or moderator is ignited;

2. - the ignition fuse protrudes outward and transfers the ignition light with a given deceleration to the buoyancy charge.

FIG. 4 - a plastic capsule with a liquid pesticide or entomophagous insects, or a grenade made from a semi-dry pressed pesticide powder in the form of a cylinder or an artillery shell (high-explosive fragmentation grenade) with a bursting charge inside and a retardant wick that activates this charge, a vertical section.

7 - a bursting charge inside a grenade, ignited by a wick-moderator, which is ignited when a buoyant charge is actuated, driven by a fuse.

4 - a wick of an explosive charge or a wick-moderator - lights up at the moment of operation of an expelling charge and activates an explosive charge of a grenade at a given height;

5 - buoyant charge - the charge of gunpowder, when ignited with the help of a fuse, the grenade is pushed up, while the bursting wick or moderator is ignited;

2 - ignition wick, protrudes outward and transfers ignition fire with a given deceleration to an ejection charge.

FIG. 5 - a container of twenty layers of dense cellulose for placement inside it and the upward direction of the pesticidal grenade with an ejection charge. With an increase in the weight of the grenade and the power of the buoyant charge, to save money and technology, it can be reinforced with additional layers of aluminum foil.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A battery of pesticidal grenades, which is a set of cylindrical containers made of cellulose, in each of which is mounted a blowout kit with an ejected grenade (grenade composition: pressed powder pesticide, or a liquid pesticide in a plastic container, or a container with entomophagous insects) charge inside starts and explodes at a given height, while spreading a cloud of dust (aerosol or entomophagous insects).

Scope and method of application.

This invention should begin to be applied in at least three sectors of the Russian economy:

1. In the forestry sector of the Russian Federation, today the fight against bark beetle is lost almost hopelessly.

Today in all European regions of Russia there are huge arrays of coniferous forests affected by bark beetles. Moreover, their area is growing several times faster than sanitary cutting. Obviously, only pesticides can turn the tide.

Since today the state can no longer afford the widespread use of aviation to combat bark beetle due to the huge side and, as a rule, negative consequences, this solution is simply impossible. The use of ground-based mechanization to combat bark beetles is also impossible for two reasons:

- the impact on the bark beetle (primarily the topographer) should be carried out at a height of 5 to 30 meters in a wild, cluttered forest;

- often these areas of the forest are either swampy or cut off by streams and ravines, i.e. almost inaccessible to technology.

When using Pesticide Grenade Batteries, these problems are not an obstacle.

Application technology:

- all work must be carried out with an even, steady, moderate wind;

- the area affected by the bark beetle should be shielded with a signal tape (if the area is large, dividing it first into smaller areas);

- on the windward side of the site selected for processing, the estimated number of batteries of pesticide grenades is established and activated;

- processing can be carried out in two scenarios:

a) - on the first snow, when the bark beetle larvae dig into the upper layer of the earth - with a pesticide of maximum concentration;

b) - during the period of egg laying - a cloud is created from a mixture of pesticide mixed with ferromones, which “sucks” the females of the topographer;

- when controlling pests of other tree crops (which has not become so acute), the choice of the type of pesticide and the technology of its application will be determined in the course of solving the problem.

In addition, when harvesting bark beetles, the majority of potential participants disappear when they are convinced that the wood has finally lost its market value due to the secondary bark beetle, because the primary bark beetle topographer kills the tree and leads to the loss of commercial value - a barbel.

Those. To maintain the commercial attractiveness of forests affected by the bark beetle-topographer, this invention should be applied, first of all, immediately after the appearance of the topographer against the barbel.

This will allow attracting much more enterprises and citizens to the cutting of forests affected by the bark beetle and will provide a turning point in this struggle.

2. In agriculture in Russia there are numerous pests of agricultural crops, each of which will have to work out the technology for using this invention.

However, now one can call one of them, the most dangerous, against which the use of BPG will give maximum industrial and economic results. This is SANANCHA.

The problem is exacerbated due to the fact that the maximum summer temperatures are rising, especially in the agricultural regions of the Volga region, the Southern Urals and Western Siberia.

And it is simplified by the fact that the locust always moves in the wind. Those. “Sitting on the tail" of such a flock, it is possible by repeated repetitive action of BPG lines from the locusts just covered by the locus, step by step, weaken the flock and, in the end, completely destroy it.

3. The sanitary-epidemiological situation with tick-borne encephalitis in the country is steadily worsening.

At the same time, the places of abnormal outbreaks of this harmful insect are quite easy to identify and localize.

The problem is the lack of forces and means for timely action. Using BPG, this problem can be solved quickly, cheaply and efficiently.

Of course, after the emergence of a new generation of these insects, treatment should be repeated.

Approximately the same should apply to malaria mosquitoes and other bloodsucking.

Obviously, the invention can also be applied against migratory birds in the event of a bird flu epidemic, as well as against abnormal spikes in the birth rate of rats, mice and other rodents.

Thus, BPG allows addressing pest control issues targetedly, with minimal side effects, timely, efficiently and with high labor productivity of workers with their low qualifications.

Cost of the project.

The cost of pest control using this invention will consist of two parts:

- the cost of the battery of pesticide grenades, obviously, will not seriously differ from the cost of the battery of fireworks, because the container block itself is likely to retain its value, and the cost of a grenade can be even lower than the cost of a pyrotechnic shell, because grenade - a single-stage product and much simpler in its structure than a multi-stage and complex pyrotechnic shell;

- The cost of direct impact on pests also promises to be cheaper than any of the existing technologies. It is assumed that the work will be carried out by a link of 2-4 people with one truck.

By acting on a very limited area of pest accumulation, they will be able to create an increased concentration of pesticides and repeat the treatment as necessary. Those. savings can be obtained both at the price of the equipment involved, and in the quantity and cost of labor.

So, according to our estimates, the project is quite competitive in price.

Safety and labor requirements.

The safety equipment for equipping a battery of pesticidal grenades at the factory will be determined by the management of the manufacturer based on the properties of the selected pesticide and equipment of the factory.

Safety when using these devices in the process of processing places of accumulation of pests should provide the manufacturer of these works. The first and most important thing is to be in harmony with the wind, because it is the main force in this work.

At the time of the work, the wind should be even and have a stable direction.

To control the wind, each link should be equipped with an airfield wind direction indicator and a device for measuring wind speed.

Also, the equipment kit should include a signal tape to protect the work area and prohibition signs.

The fencing area should exceed the area designated for processing per millimeter caliber of the container, taken in meters from each side of the treated area.

The working links must be equipped with rubber boots, jackets made of thick fabric with a hood and a respirator.

The grenade battery is installed on the windward side in increments specified in the instructions.

At the same time, the way back to the safe sector must be foreseen and verified.

Conclusion

Of course, one cannot count on the use of this device to ensure 100% destruction of the pest population in the cultivated area.

But the application of this invention will provide a reduction in the pest population by 1-2 orders of magnitude per application, which will reduce the number of pests and bring the situation to a dangerous level.

With repeated use, the amount of remaining pests will again decrease by many times.

Claims (1)

A battery of pesticidal grenades, consisting of a set of cylindrical containers made of cellulose, similar in design to the fireworks battery, in each of which a set of expelling charge with a ball-shaped or cylindrical grenade ejected by it is mounted, characterized in that the grenades ejected from the containers are either pressed powder pesticide, or liquid pesticide in a plastic container with a disruptive charge inside, or a container with entomophagous insects, which by ceiling elements retarder cord explodes at a predetermined height, and turns the grenade pesticidal dust cloud or aerosol entomophagous insects.

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