RU2287926C2 - Root grinding apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: root grinding apparatus has housing, hopper with shear knife, shaft, horizontal disk fixed on shaft, and knives. Root grinding apparatus is equipped with rotary platforms made in the form of circle and knives fixed thereon. Knives are secured in respective slots of horizontal disk in single plane with the latter for rotation and fixing on pins in such a manner as to provide for sliding angle of 10 to 90 deg. Axes and centers of circle of each rotary platform are aligned with respect to one another and arranged on driven pulley at a distance from shaft axis exceeding outer radius of knives. Pulley is mounted on rim rigidly fixed to lower surface of horizontal disk. Shaft is located within hub connected to housing through vertical plates.

EFFECT: reduced consumption of power for grinding process, simplified construction and enhanced reliability in operation.

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Description

The present invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for grinding root crops before feeding, for example, cattle and small cattle.

A device for grinding root crops containing a hopper with a counter, an electric motor with a shaft on which the upper and lower horizontal disks are mounted, horizontal knives mounted on the upper disk, deck and blades on the lower disk for ejecting the crushed mass (see A.S. No. 1242049, 1628943, Patent 2021685). These devices are universal, i.e. they allow chopping root tubers both into shavings (with the deck removed) and into the pulp (with the deck installed). The feed is crushed into shavings for cattle and small cattle, and into the pulp - for pigs.

The disadvantage of these devices is the increased energy intensity of the grinding process for the reason that normal cutting is performed on the upper disk, i.e. felling, which is an energy-intensive process compared to sliding cutting. It is known that with an increase in cutting speed, the energy intensity of the cutting process decreases. But in these devices, an increase in the rotational speed of the disks is restrained for the reason that all the crushed mass is ejected from the grinder using blades, i.e. shredded root crops are given greater kinetic energy regardless of where the product is shredded (only on the upper disk or when the deck is installed on both disks).

In addition, escaping juices may occur on the electric motor located under the working disks, which can lead to a short circuit.

The closest set of features to the proposed technical solution is a root cutter containing a housing, a hopper with a contradiction, a shaft with a horizontal disc fixed with knives and blades (see AS SU No. 1662417).

The disadvantage of the prototype is the high energy consumption of the cutting process due to the installation of knives without sliding and low cutting speed, because otherwise, therefore, significant energy costs for the emission of crushed mass by the blades increase. The presence of blades intended only for the ejection of crushed mass requires large energy costs and complicates the design, reduces its reliability. An electric motor installed under the disk is subject to short circuit as a result of possible release of juices and washing solution.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the energy consumption of the grinding process, simplifying the design and improving the reliability.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the device for grinding root crops containing a casing, a hopper with a counter, a shaft with a horizontal disc fixed to it and knives, is equipped with rotary platforms in the form of a part of a circle with knives fixed to them and mounted in their respective horizontal disk cutouts in one planes with the latter, with the possibility of rotation and fixing on the axes in such a way that provides a sliding angle along the length of the knife within 10-90 °, while the axes and centers of the circle of each turntable ovmescheny and arranged on the driven pulley at a distance from the shaft greater than the outer radius of the blades, said pulley is mounted on the rim, which is fixedly attached to the lower surface of the horizontal drive shaft is mounted in a hub, connected to the housing by means of vertical plates.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a device for grinding root crops, top view; figure 2 is a section aa of figure 1.

The device for grinding root crops includes a housing 1 with a hopper 2 mounted on it with a counter 3, a hub 4 with a vertical shaft 5. The hopper 2 is mounted on the housing 1 using brackets 6. The hub 4 is connected to the housing 1 using vertical (in the case of cylindrical discharge neck of rectangular) plates 7. A horizontal disk 8 is fixed to the shaft 5. The disk 8 has cutouts for the rotary pads 9 as part of a circle. There may be one or two. Knives 10 are attached to the pads 9. The pivot pads 9 are located in the same plane as the horizontal disk 8 and have axes 11 located in the center of the circle of this pad 9 at a distance from the axis of the shaft 5 exceeding the outer radius of the knives 10 (hopper 2). The axles 11 pass through a driven pulley 12 mounted on the rim 13 of the disk 8. On the same axes 11, the pivots 9 are fixed in a predetermined position, for example, by means of a threaded connection 14. Thus, each pivot plate 9 has three support points: one on the axis 11 and two - on the rim 13. The drive of the horizontal disk is carried out from the electric motor 15 using a belt drive through the driven pulley 12.

The device operates as follows.

Root crops enter the hopper. Getting on a rotating horizontal disk, root crops are carried away in rotation. Inhibition of root crops from rotation occurs by a contradiction mounted on the inner wall of the hopper. When approaching the root crop, knives having a sliding angle along the length of the knife in the range of 10-90 ° separate particles from the material, which fall down under their own weight.

Depending on the type of root crops, the adjustment of the departure of the knife is carried out by preliminary loosening of the threaded connection 14, rotation of the turntable at a certain angle relative to the axis 11 and subsequent fixation using the threaded connection 14.

Thus, the optimal position of the knife for various root crops is ensured, cutting with sliding along the entire length of the knife is ensured, and at high cutting speeds, minimum energy consumption for grinding is achieved. The misaligned position of the electric motor relative to the horizontal disk shaft eliminates the possibility of a short circuit from moisture.

Claims (1)

A device for grinding root crops containing a casing, a bunker with a counter, a shaft with a horizontal disc fixed to it, and knives, characterized in that the chopper is equipped with rotary platforms in the form of a part of a circle with knives fixed to them and mounted in their respective horizontal disk cutouts in one planes with the latter, with the possibility of rotation and fixing on the axes in such a way that provides a sliding angle along the length of the knife within 10-90 °, while the axes and centers of the circle of each rotary platform escheny and arranged on the driven pulley at a distance from the shaft greater than the outer radius of the blades, said pulley is mounted on the rim, which is fixedly attached to the lower surface of the horizontal drive shaft is mounted in a hub, connected to the housing by means of vertical plates.

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