RU2286284C2 - Ship - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding; tank ships.

SUBSTANCE: hull of proposed ship is made from tires and is provided with longitudinal hermetic tunnels of different functional purpose. Located in cargo tunnels one above another are elastic envelopes; tubular framework forming common system is mounted in walls of all tunnels; this system is filled with inert gas. Fenders are provided with vertical tubular trunks: trunks for propellers and trunks for telescopic masts on which rotary sails are mounted. Trunks are rotatable through 180° together with propellers. Elastic envelopes of all cargo tunnels are connected in two separate systems by means of manifolds which are connected in their turn with pumps connected with elastically deformable hoses kept in protective buoyant cases located in hermetically closed through tunnels.

EFFECT: enhanced corrosion resistance of hull; enhanced floodability; possibility of loading/unlading ship at beaches.

8 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to shipbuilding, namely to ships for the transportation in bulk of liquid and semi-liquid products.

A device for transporting liquid cargo using the principle of displacement during unloading of a liquid product located in an elastic shell, the product is pumped into another elastic shell in contact with the first (RF patent No. 2027632, IPC B 63 B 35/00, B 63 B 21 / 56, 1991) - the search did not reveal a closer analogue than this.

The known device has several disadvantages:

- its ineffective use due to idle flights;

- poor corrosion resistance before sea water;

- insufficient strength characteristics of the tanker hull, which may lead to the occurrence of an environmental disaster due to the release of oil as a result of a collision with other vessels, reefs;

- low maneuverability;

The objective of the present invention is to remedy these disadvantages, namely the creation of an efficiently operated vessel with high corrosion resistance, high strength and tightness characteristics, absolutely unsinkable, able to work at any time of the year and under any weather conditions, including ice, and load - unloading at almost any unequipped shores.

Another objective of the invention is the creation of an inexpensive and easy to manufacture vessel using for construction materials that are difficult to process and pollute the environment: worn tires as the main building material of the vessel’s hull, used oil and gas pipes of different diameters, as well as household and industrial waste plastic, rubber, glass.

These problems are solved by the fact that in a vessel containing elastic shells for liquid products, the hull is made of worn tires, stacked on each other with sidewalls in the feet and interconnected by tie elements, the feet are installed in rows and are also interconnected by tie elements in each horizontal a number of tires, the spaces between the feet and the cavity of the feet of the tires are filled with foamed polymeric material and covered with caps at the top and bottom, longitudinally sealed in the body egg tunnels for various functional purposes, the largest of which are cargo tunnels, while the said elastic shells are placed one above the other in each of the cargo tunnels, in all tunnels flush with their walls are mounted tubular frames connected to a common system, lower and upper elastic shells of cargo tunnels are connected in two separate systems with the help of main collectors connected to pumps and filling hoses, each of which is provided with a sheath, with filling hoses p zmescheny in airtight through tunnels, preferably at the waterline level, are arranged in protective cases of tires performed the same as performing the hull and having an anchoring system. The tires in the adjacent rows are staggered. After certain distances along the entire length of the sides of the vessel, at least two rows of heights mounted on the fenders, between which are placed tubular shafts for propulsors and tubular shafts for telescopic masts on which rotary sails are installed. Shafts for propulsors have the ability to rotate together with propulsors 180 °. At the bottom of the shafts for telescopic masts are anchors associated with winches. An inert gas is pumped into the system of tubular frames with the possibility of its supply both directly into tunnels and into elastic shells. The bow and stern of the vessel have elongated fairings, reinforced with removable frames. In the lower central tunnel there are submarines or their sealed sections, the power plants of which are able to power the ship's electrical system.

Figure 1 shows the proposed vessel, a top view; figure 2 - ship, side view; figure 3 - ship, a transverse section; figure 4 is a fragment of a tunnel; figure 5 - connection of the feet of tires with each other, a cross section; figure 6 - connection of the feet of tires with each other, top view; figure 7 - the vessel during loading and unloading.

The hull 1 of the vessel is made of worn tires 2 of the same diameter, mounted on each other with sidewalls in the feet and interconnected by tie elements 3, the feet are installed in rows and also interconnected by tie elements 4 in each horizontal row of tires 2. The feet in adjacent rows are located in staggered. The spaces between the feet and the cavity of the feet of tires are filled with foamed polymeric material 5, for example polyurethane foam, and are closed at the top and bottom with hexagonal caps 6 made of synthetic material (plastic, rubber) or reinforced concrete. Filler in the manufacture of foamed polymeric material can serve as crushed waste plastic, rubber, glass. The spaces in the feet and between the feet in the lower part of the body are filled with ballast elements, for example reinforced concrete. Thus, any spatial structure of the hull 1 of the vessel is formed. In the hull 1 of the vessel provides longitudinal sealed tunnels for various functional purposes. The walls, floor and ceiling of the tunnels, as well as the sides and deck of the vessel, are lined with fireproof panels, for example, made of reinforced concrete (not shown). In each of the cargo tunnels 7, sealed elastic shells 8 and 9 are placed one on top of the other. They are made of a petrochemical resistant, rubberized, reinforced material. The upper part of the shell 9 has a protective layer of sufficiently thick, reinforced, tread patterned panels 10. In all tunnels flush with their walls are mounted tubular frames 11 connected to a common system into which inert gas is pumped under pressure, while the frame of each tunnel has shut-off and safety fittings. Frames 11 give the design of the elastically deformable hull of the vessel sufficient rigidity. Inert gas, if necessary, can be supplied either directly to the tunnels, or into elastic shells 8 and 9. The tunnels also have sensors and gas and gas temperature alarms, through which the gas contamination and fire extinguishing system is activated. Over the entire length of the ship's sides, at certain distances from each other and at least in two rows in height, fenders 12 are mounted, between which there are two types of alternating vertical tubular shafts: shafts 13 for water-jet or screw propellers 14, powered by electric drives, and shafts 15 for telescopic masts 16, on which rotary sails 17 are mounted. The shafts 13 can be rotated together with propulsors 14 through 180 °. This gives the vessel maneuverability, despite its considerable size, it becomes possible to emergency stop. At the bottom of the shafts 15 for telescopic masts are anchors 18 connected to the winches 19. The shafts 13 and 15 are protected by the feet of tires 2. The lower and upper elastic shells 8 and 9 of the cargo tunnels 7, respectively, are connected into two separate systems using trunk manifolds (not shown ) The main manifolds are connected through shutoff valves to pumps (not shown), which, in turn, are connected through universal connecting nodes and lock chambers (not shown) to elastically deformable filling sleeves 20 and 21, each of which is equipped with two shells used for refueling and extruding product residues during loading and unloading. The fueling sleeves 20 and 21 are arranged in two in protective floating cases 22, also made of auto tire 2 stops similar to the hull 1 of the vessel, at the ends they have universal connecting units with lock chambers (not shown). In addition, in the protective cases 22 along their entire length through a certain distance there are nests in which anchors 23 with wave stabilizers are placed, and pneumatic rollers (not shown) are mounted in several rows at the ends of the cases 22. It is advisable to place the filling sleeves 20 and 21 in the protective cases 22 in the hermetically sealed through tunnels 24 of the housing 1 at the level of the waterline, and the cases 22 to be provided with rubber rollers along the entire length. The bow and stern of the vessel may have elongated underwater fairings 25, which are reinforced with removable frames 26 for passage in thick ice. Elongations of the bow and stern parts allow breaking ice from below, which is much more effective than the traditional process of breaking ice with icebreakers from above, and also serve as a bulb. In addition, the frames 26 can be made with a varying angle of attack, which will more effectively deal with powerful ice. In the fore and aft parts of the vessel on the upper deck are command posts. They can be located on telescopically extendable supports, inside of which there is an elevator or staircase leading to the upper central tunnel 27, which contains all the necessary services of the vessel, as well as power plants.

The ship operates as follows.

Before going to the oil exporting countries, fresh water is pumped into the lower elastic shells 8 of the cargo tunnels 7. Having approached the estimated distance to the shore on which the tank farm is located, the vessel anchors and with the help of a regular tugboat or tugboat of the coastal service from the tunnels 24 the protective case 22 with a filling sleeve 20 is pulled and towed to the shore, which is then a winch provided on the shore, pulled up to the filling unit and connected to the tank farm 28 for water. The other end of the filling sleeve 20 is connected to the main manifold, combining the shell 8 of the cargo tunnels 7, filled with drinking water. The filling sleeve 21 in the protective case 22 from the other side is connected to the main manifold, combining the shell 9 of the cargo tunnels 7 intended for the transportation of oil. The other end of the sleeve 21 is connected to the tank farm 29 for oil. Loading and unloading of liquids occurs simultaneously. Oil pumped from the shore under a certain pressure fills the upper elastic shells 9 and squeezes out the water located in the lower elastic shells 8. Thus, the water is completely displaced from the shells 8 and the shells are filled with oil 9. Reliability of operation even with significant disturbances on the water surface is ensured system of anchors 23 with stabilizers. Oil is squeezed out of the filling sleeve 21 by a shell placed on it, pumped with inert gas or water, and drinking water is squeezed out of the filling sleeve 20 by a shell placed on it, filled with inert gas or air. After loading and unloading, the protective cases 22 with sleeves 20 and 21 are removed from the anchors 23 and pulled by ship winches (not shown) into the tunnels 24, the entrances are closed by protective caps (not shown) and the vessel is sent to the port for oil delivery. The reverse process occurs off the coast of the oil-consuming country: drinking water, filling elastic shells 8, displaces oil from elastic shells 9. Loading and unloading can be carried out not only in the equipped port at the berth or terminal, but also on the practically non-equipped coast with an equipped ramp. The design of such a vessel, using the principle of simultaneous loading and unloading and ensuring the absence of idle runs, gives a huge economic effect. The loading and unloading process takes place absolutely without air access, which ensures explosion and fire safety. An inert gas located in the tubular frames and supplied to the tunnels in case of critical readings of gas and gas sensors will also contribute to explosion safety. The proposed design of the vessel guarantees environmental safety due to the high characteristics of strength and tightness. The vessel is unsinkable, since the volume of material with positive buoyancy from which the vessel is made exceeds the weight of the cargo carried. Due to the elastically deforming properties of the hull, the vessel can withstand any blows to the hull, and in the event of a collision with another vessel the latter will not suffer. In addition, the vessel can withstand any storms. The durability of the hull is associated with the almost absence of steel products in contact with sea water. With a commercial carrying capacity of up to tens of millions of tons, such vessels will reduce the total number of transport vessels, and this, in turn, will reduce the risk of environmental disasters in the seas and oceans. Due to the use of a large system of rotor sails on telescopic masts, fuel consumption is significantly reduced. The vessel can move both fore and aft, as well as any side, which is of no small importance when mooring the vessel and maneuvering in canals or straits. The vessel can also be used for the transport of unit, including bulky and bulk cargo. For this purpose, along the length of the tunnels located at different heights of the hull, a series of hermetically sealed manholes can be made with the possibility of vertical access from one tunnel to another. On the proposed vessel, you can install a nuclear power plant with a decommissioned nuclear submarine. In addition, in the lower central tunnel 30 at different ends it is possible to place submarines 31 with their weapons removed or their sealed sections. The power plants of these boats can power the ship’s electrical system, and propulsors can additionally be used to move the ship.

Claims (8)

1. A vessel containing elastic shells for liquid cargo, characterized in that the hull of the vessel is made of worn tires, mounted on each other with sidewalls in the feet and interconnected by tie elements, the feet are installed in rows and are also interconnected by tie elements in each horizontal row tires, and the spaces between the feet and the cavity of the feet of tires are filled with foamed polymeric material and closed with caps at the top and bottom, longitudinal sealed tunnels are made in the casing different functional purposes, the largest number of which are freight, with the mentioned elastic shells being placed one above the other in each of the freight tunnels, in all tunnels flush mounted with their walls are tubular frames connected to a common system, the lower and upper elastic shells of the cargo tunnels are connected in two separate systems with the help of main manifolds connected to pumps and filling hoses, each of which is equipped with two shells, the filling hoses being placed in hermetically sealed through tunnels, which are preferably located at the level of the waterline in protective cases made of tires, made similar to the housing, and have an anchor system. 2. The ship according to claim 1, characterized in that the feet of tires in adjacent rows are staggered. 3. The ship according to claim 1, characterized in that after a certain distance along the entire length of its sides, at least two rows of heights are mounted on the breaker bars, between which tubular shafts for propulsors are placed, and the ship also contains tubular shafts for telescopic masts on which rotary sails are installed. 4. The ship according to claim 3, characterized in that the shafts for the propulsors have the ability to rotate together with the propulsors through 180 °. 5. The ship according to claim 3, characterized in that in the lower part of the shafts for telescopic masts are anchors associated with winches. 6. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that inert gas is pumped into the system of tubular frames with the possibility of its supply both directly into the tunnels and into elastic shells. 7. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the fore and aft parts of the vessel have elongated fairings reinforced with removable frames. 8. The ship according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower central tunnel contains submarines or their sealed sections, the power plants of which are able to power the ship's electrical system.

Images