RU2284702C1 - Cattle feeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: feed production.

SUBSTANCE: method involves feeding animals with ration containing biologically active additive such as flax cake used in an amount of 0.9-1.1 g per 1 kg of live weight.

EFFECT: improved quality of milk and meat, including essential reduction therein of heavy metal content.

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Description

The invention relates to animal husbandry and can be used for feeding lactating cows and bulls for fattening.

In connection with technological pollution of the environment, including heavy metals, an intensive search is being made for means and methods for protecting farm animals and preventing the entry of pollutants into products received from them.

A method is described for reducing the content of heavy metals in products by introducing additives into the diet of animals with sorption and ion exchange properties [1].

A known method of improving the quality of milk by reducing the content of heavy metals by introducing into the diet of lactating cows additives from seeds of watermelon - watermelon meal [2].

When feeding the diet with the addition of watermelon meal compared to the control (without additives), the milk content increases by 4.3% (rel.), Fat - by 1.0%, dry skim milk residue (SOMO) - by 2.3 %, the content of heavy metals decreases: zinc - by 4.3 times, cadmium - by 2.5 times, lead - by 2.2 times.

The disadvantage of this method is the insufficient content of amino acids in a biologically active additive - watermelon meal.

The technical result - improving the quality of milk and meat by reducing the content of heavy metals, expanding the range of additives in the diet of animals.

This is achieved by the fact that in the diet of lactating cows and gobies for fattening, a biologically active additive is introduced - linseed oil in the amount of 0.9-1.1 g per 1 kg of live weight.

Flaxseed cake - a waste of the process of processing flax seeds by the method of low-temperature pressing to obtain linseed vegetable oil.

Flaxseed cake contains in terms of absolute dry matter: protein - 35.8%, fat - 9.94%, fiber - 5.68%, calcium - 0.62%, phosphorus - 0.93%, and a number of fat in the composition polyunsaturated fatty acids are used in powdered form. The composition and content of amino acids in protein watermelon and flaxseed are presented in table 1.

Table 1
Amino acid composition of meal Structure Content,%, absolute dry matter watermelon cake linen meal Lysine 0.60 1.21 Histidine 0.64 0.94 Glycine 1,08 1.36 Threonine 0.65 1.12 Valine 0.91 1,62 Methionine 0.63 0.53 Leucine 1.28 1.96 Isoleucine 0.77 1,58 Phenylalanine 1,02 1.41

As can be seen from the data of table 1, in the proposed method due to the inclusion of flaxseed meal, the diet is enriched to a greater extent by a number of amino acids (compared with the addition of watermelon meal) lysine, histidine, glycine, threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine.

The sorption properties of flaxseed meal are due to the presence of fiber, which is a natural organic sorbent. In laboratory conditions, the sorption capacity of flaxseed cake for the extraction of heavy metals from aqueous solutions was determined.

For example, the static sorption capacity of flaxseed meal is: for copper - 3-6 mg / g, for cadmium - 4 mg / g. Production verification of the proposed method was carried out on the basis of agricultural enterprises of the Svetloyarsky district of the Volgograd region, a suburban zone of the southern industrial city of Volgograd.

Example. 1. By the method of analogue pairs, 2 groups of lactating cows of the red steppe breed of 20 animals each were formed. The cows of the control group received a general economic ration (OXR), of the experimental group - OXR with the replacement of part of the feed by flax cake at the rate of 1 g per 1 kg of live weight of animals.

During the experimental period (120 days, starting from the 4th month of lactation), milk samples were taken monthly for analysis according to the main quality indicators and the content of heavy metals (zinc, cadmium, lead).

Table 2 shows the quality indicators of milk.

From the data of table 2 it can be seen that during the experimental period, the daily milk yield increased (compared to the control) by 4.1%, the protein content - by 2.5%, fat - by 2.1%, dry matter - by 2.1% (which is higher in content in the prototype by 1.1%).

table 2
Milk quality Quality indicators Group control experienced Daily milk yield, kg 14.7 15.3 Content,%: protein (casein) 3.18 (2.49) 3.26 (2.54) fat 3.78 3.86 milk sugar 4.70 4.81 dry matter 12.26 12.52 ash 0.74 0.76 The content of heavy metals, mg / kg Zn 4,50 2,51 Cu 1.76 0.35 Fe 1.39 0.65

The content of heavy metals in milk decreased compared with the control: zinc - 1.8 times, copper - 5 times, iron - 2.1 times.

Example 2. According to the method of pair-analogues, 2 groups of red steppe calves were formed, 10 animals each - control and experimental. Within 120 days of the experiment, the animals of the control group received OXR, the experimental group received OXR with the replacement of part of the feed with linen meal at the rate of 0.9-1.1 g of oil cake per 1 kg of live weight of gobies. At the end of the experiment, 3 bulls from each group were slaughtered. In accordance with the methods, samples of meat and internal organs were taken from each carcass to determine the quality indicators of meat and the content of heavy metals (Tables 3, 4).

Table 3
The chemical composition of the meat of gobies Quality indicators Group control experienced Content: moisture,% wt. 73.0 72.0 dry matter,% wt. 27.0 28.0 including: fat 14.5 9.5 protein 11.2 17.4 ash 1.3 1,1 Table 4
The content of heavy metals in slaughter products, mg / kg Slaughter Products Heavy metals zinc copper iron control experienced control experienced control experienced Pulp 47.1 27.3 0.7 0.6 1,5 1,0 Heart 9,4 7.7 2,3 2.1 2.1 1.3 Lung 12.8 12.6 0.8 0.4 4.0 3,7 Liver 28,2 24.6 2.0 0.6 8.6 2.0 Spleen 18.8 14.8 8.6 2.0 42.0 28.0

The data in tables 3 and 4 indicate that feeding bull calves to feed flaxseed meal (compared with the control) leads to an increase in protein content by 55% (rel.), A decrease in fat by 52.6%, and a significant decrease in the content heavy metals in slaughter products, incl. in pulp: zinc - by 73.8%, copper - by 16.6%, iron - by 50%.

Thus, the proposed method for feeding cattle can improve the quality of milk and meat, expand the range of additives in the diet of animals.

Information sources

1. Osikina R.V. Ways to improve the quality of livestock products in the zone of high industrial pollution: Abstract. diss. for a job. scientist step. Doctors S.-kh. sciences. - Dubrovitsy, 2001

2. RF patent No. 2227515, 2003.

Claims (1)

A method of feeding cattle, including feeding animals a diet containing a biologically active additive, characterized in that as a biologically active additive use flaxseed cake in an amount of 0.9-1.1 g per 1 kg of live weight.