RU2282994C1 - Agent for controlling of houseplant white fly - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: protective agent for houseplants.

SUBSTANCE: claimed agent contains (mass %): dried calendula flowers as active ingredient 1.67-1.86; milk as solvent 95.35-96.25; sand sugar as adhesive agent 2.08-2.79.

EFFECT: protective agent of increased effectiveness.

1 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to means for protecting indoor plants from a greenhouse or greenhouse whitefly (TRIALE VAPORARIORUM WESTW) and can be used in floriculture both indoors and in greenhouses and greenhouses.

Whiteflies are small, up to 2 mm insects, whose wings are covered with a powdery powdery coating. They are similar to moths, but are close to aphids in kinship. Having grown in large numbers, they cause significant damage to plants whose leaves turn yellow and fall, and on the sugar secretions of insects a sooty mushroom develops. Whitefly also carries viral diseases. Most often, greenhouse crops suffer from it: gerbera, chrysanthemum, tomato seedlings, and in indoor conditions - fuchsia, nightshade, ginura, rose, etc. (Ovchinnikov I. Belokrylka // Floriculture. - 1993, No. 3, p. 36). Currently, mainly chemical means of protection against whiteflies - insecticides, i.e. pesticides designed to control insects. The following insecticides are allowed on the territory of the Russian Federation for controlling whiteflies (State catalog of pesticides approved for use on the territory of the Russian Federation. M., 1997): actellik, fosbetsid, vismetrin, rovikurt. They are quite effective against whiteflies, low toxicity (but still toxic) for warm-blooded animals and are allowed for use in sheltered ground (greenhouses, greenhouses). (Metelitsyna T. For protection against pests, diseases and weeds // Floriculture, 1997, No. 5, p.11).

A solution of applaud or buprofesin showed good efficacy; the drug is considered non-toxic for warm-blooded (Floriculture, 1993, No. 3).

Known contact-intestinal insecticide of a wide spectrum of action TALSTAR company MS, USA (Metelitsyna T. New in plant protection // Floriculture, 1996, No. 5, p.7). It is produced in the form of an emulsion of 10% concentration, it is a new generation pyrethroid with the active substance - bifentrin, is approved for use on flower crops of protected soil against whiteflies, the duration of the protective effect is 20-30 days, does not cause phytotoxicity. However, an indispensable condition for the effective use of talstar is spraying plants with a low number of pests. In order to prevent the emergence of resistance of pests, talstar should be used no more than 2 times per season with alternating other chemicals.

The following method is known for combating whitefly with its significant propagation at home: suck it off with a vacuum cleaner, and wipe the lower surface of the leaves with a solution of green soap with a composition of 40 g / l of water (Ivanova L.A., Svyatkovskaya E.A., Trostenyuk N.N. Northern Floriculture - Apatity, Kola Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2004, p.112).

Recently, traps for whiteflies have also been practiced: pieces of film, cardboard or plastic, always a bright yellow color (this color attracts whiteflies), smeared with a long non-drying sticky substance - castor oil, hardener-free epoxy resin or something similar and hanged close plants (Ovchinnikov I. Biomethod against whiteflies // Floriculture, 1988, No. 4, p.19). However, due to the intensive reproduction of whiteflies, traps cannot completely solve the problem.

Known biological method of combating whitefly using a specialized parasite - enkarzii formosa. The use of the parasite is due to the fact that the intensive use of insecticides led to the formation of a whitefly population resistant to pyrethroids, organochlorine and organophosphorus preparations. An increase in the number of treatments with pesticides does not give the desired results, on the contrary, there is an acceleration in the development of pesticide resistance in the pest (V. Fogel, O. Timofeeva, A. Whitefly Biomethod // Floriculture, 1988, No. 4, p.19). The method requires expensive equipment, climate chambers, thermostats for breeding enkarsiya.

The above means and methods of combating the pest-whitefly pest rapidly spreading throughout the year on indoor plants are not applicable either because of their toxicity, although insignificant, or because of their insufficient effectiveness, because chemicals destroy only adult insects, which, as a rule, have time to lay eggs, as a result of which the number of whiteflies is quickly restored.

The closest technical solution is a preparation for combating a plant pest complex “phytoverm”, containing as an active substance an avermectin ethanol extract isolated from the mycelium of strain VNIISKHM N51 or strain VNIISKHM N54, stabilizer, wetting agent and adhesive (US Pat. RF No. 2070799, decl. 10/08/1993. Publ. 12/27/1996). The tool provides 100% effectiveness in the fight against peach aphids and high efficiency in the fight against spider mites, which is 97.9%. However, in the fight against whitefly, the drug is not effective enough, the efficiency is 87.2%, i.e. the survivors of 12.8% of individuals will instantly multiply in large quantities. In addition, the preparation of the drug is laborious, time consuming (more than 7 days) and costly.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a cheap, affordable, simple, highly effective and completely harmless means to combat whitefly on plants in room conditions.

The objective is achieved due to the fact that the means for controlling whitefly of indoor plants, containing the active substance, solvent, adhesive, as the active substance contains biologically active substances obtained by insisting of dried calendula flowers in milk used as a solvent, and as an adhesive - granulated sugar in the following ratio (wt.%):

Marigold flowers 1.67-1.86 Milk 95.35-96.25 Granulated sugar 2.08-2.79

The composition of the product includes affordable and inexpensive food products: milk, granulated sugar and dried flowers of calendula or marigold pharmacy (Calendula officinalis). Calendula flowers were collected on the territory of the botanical garden of the Murmansk State Technical University (growing them in the Far North is not difficult) and dried to a moisture content of 4.2%.

The active substance of the drug is biologically active substances: carotenoids, incl. carotene, violoxanthin, lycopene, citraxanthin, rubixanthin, flavochrom, flavoxanthin, chrysantemaxanthin; flavonoids (isoramnetin, rutin, narcissin, etc.); triterpene saponins: calendulosides A, B, C, D ₁ , D ₂ , F; organic acids; bitter substance - calendine, tar, mucus, malic acid; albumin, a small amount of salicylic acid; alkaloids; essential oil that gives the flowers a pleasant, specific smell. The main active ingredients of calendula flowers are carotenoids and flavonoids. Inflorescences accumulate macroelements: K, Ca, Mg, Fe, microelements: Mn, Zn, Mo, Cr, Al, Se, Ni, Sr, I, B (Rabinovich AM Medicinal plants in the infield. - M .: House of MSP, 1998 )

Milk in the proposed tool is a solvent, and granulated sugar is used as an adhesive. The product is obtained by dissolving the dried flowers of calendula and granulated sugar in milk, followed by infusing the resulting solution for 24 hours in a room at room temperature, after which the solution is filtered and used to spray infected plants. The table shows the composition of the agent used when spraying infected plants.

The components of the solution No. 1 The mass of the component, g The content of the component, wt.% Marigold flowers 8 1,67 Milk 462 (450 ml) 96.25 Granulated sugar 10 2.08 Components of solution No. 2 The mass of the component, g The content of the component, wt.% Marigold flowers twenty 1.86 Milk 1027 (1000 ml) 95.35 Granulated sugar thirty 2.79 Components of solution No. 3 The mass of the component, g The content of the component, wt.% Marigold flowers 10 1.80 Milk 531.5 (500 ml) 95.5 Granulated sugar fifteen 2.70

The following examples illustrate the high insecticidal activity of the proposed tool. Tests of the agent were carried out under the conditions created in the transition between the buildings of the university green area with an area of 52 m ² .

Example 1

Solution No. 1 was sprayed with a hand sprayer heavily infected with whiteflies (the leaves were white from a huge number of adult individuals and pest larvae) indoor plants of ginura and fuchsia. Spraying was carried out on October 21, 2004. Moreover, the leaves of the ginura were affected on the upper side and only by larvae, and the leaves of fuchsia - on the lower side by both adults and their larvae. Spraying the previously mentioned plants with karbofos, intravir, as well as infusions of garlic and tobacco did not give results. Pests started over and over again. Evaluation of the action of the drug was carried out after 1 day. Adult individuals and larvae were dead, no living individuals and their larvae were found. The counting of live individuals and pest larvae before processing was not carried out due to their high volatility and abundance. A day later, the leaves of the ginura were washed with water, and the leaves of fuchsia with a dead pest were removed altogether, thereby making it possible to grow new healthy leaves. Within 5 months, no whiteflies were found on the ginur and fuchsia treated in October 2004, including there weren’t her larvae, although there was another fuchsia that was untreated with the proposed remedy, on which a whitefly later wound up.

Example 2

Solution No. 2 using a manual sprayer sprayed the leaves of fuchsia, which was not treated with the proposed tool and which wound up a whitefly, as well as leaves of nightshade. Processing was carried out on February 18, 2005. Evaluation of the action of the drug was carried out after 1 day. All adults and larvae were dead; no living animals were found on the treated plants.

Example 3

With solution No. 3, 2 hibiscus bushes, an indoor rose and the most beautiful euphorbia (poinsettia or Christmas rose) were sprayed with a white sprayer using a hand sprayer. The leaves of all these plants were affected by a pest on the underside by both adults and their larvae. Processing was carried out on March 10, 2005. Evaluation of the action of the drug was carried out after 1 day. The pest was dead. Daily inspection of treated plants on October 21, 2004, and February 18, 2005, as well as March 10, 2005, did not detect the appearance of a pest on plants treated with the product, which indicates the high efficiency of the proposed product. In addition, the tool is completely harmless both to the plants themselves and to people who are constantly in the transition between the buildings. Thus, the proposed tool allows you to very effectively deal with difficult to remove and intensively breeding pest - whitefly. In addition, it is environmentally friendly for plants and people around.

Claims (1)

An agent for controlling the whitefly of indoor plants, containing the active substance, solvent, adhesive, characterized in that it contains biologically active substances as the active ingredient obtained by insisting of dried calendula flowers in milk used as a solvent, and granulated sugar as an adhesive the following ratio, wt.%: Marigold flowers 1.67-1.86 Milk 95.35-96.25 Granulated sugar 2.08-2.79