RU2280349C2 - Split-furrow shoe opener - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for application of fertilizers together with sowing. Proposed opener has tip, hollow post with seed channel and distributor, tine-feeder with channel for fertilizers. Tip and tine-feeder are formed by left-hand and right-hand sides and insert in between. Channels for tier delivery of microelements and macrofertilizers (solid fertilizers) and seeds are made in insert. Slot wall adjusters in form of cylinders with bevel cuts are arranged on left-hand and right-hand sides of tine feeder. Mounting part of tine-feeder and tip is mated with bar. Said bar is provided with unions for independent connection by hoses with fertilizer feed and seed-sowing mechanisms. Each union is connected by threaded end with individual channel in insert. Lower parts of channels for feeding fertilizers are provided with flow dividers in insert connected with outlet ports of sides. Tip located after tine-feeder is formed by posts provided with channels and bent to left and right. Each channel in inclined posts is formed by left and right sides and slots in insert. Front parts of tine-feeder and left and right posts of tip are provided with cutting edges. Mounting holes of opener are made on bar. Insert is mated with bar by means of slot on its lower face and by welds.

EFFECT: increased yield.

3 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing machines, and is aimed at expanding the functionality: longline sowing of seeds and two-line laying of different quality mineral fertilizers and microelements; simultaneous sowing of two agricultural crops according to the scheme and tier application of macro- and microelements of mineral nutrition.

Known for a coulter containing a hollow stand with a paw and a screw distributor installed in it, made in the form of a series of screws enclosed in casings, in which, with the aim of locally introducing seeds and fertilizers into the soil, the latter is located in an area favorable for subsequent nutrition of the plant root system, the screw distributor is equipped with an additional casing with an autonomous underwater channel and a metering device installed in it, while the coulter is equipped with a vertical, freely rotatable disk, which is installed on the side of the additional tional housing and at an angle to the direction of motion of the opener; an additional casing is made with an output window, and the lower edge of the disk is located below the output window; metering units of the distributor are kinematically connected to the disk; the metering device located in the additional casing is made of a screw type; The sowing device located in the additional casing is made of bobbin type (SU, copyright certificate No. 904542, M.L. ³ A 01 C 7/20. Soshnik / I.A. Grigoriev (USSR). - Application No. 2976183 / 30-15 ; Stated 08/19/1980; Publish. 02/15/1982, Bull. No. 6 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1982. - No. 6).

The disadvantages of the described opener include a burn of plant sprouts with mineral fertilizers, unjustified complication of the design, low technological reliability of sowing seeds and fertilizers.

The closest analogue to the claimed object is a two-line keeled opener for multi-line sowing, containing a hollow stand with a pointed paw and a guide, in which the divider is made in the form of a feeder knife for separate application of seeds and fertilizers (SU, copyright certificate No. 254917. IPC A 01 From 7/20. Two-line keeled opener / L.E. Kaunelson, N.I. Lyubushko, E.A. Belyaev et al. (USSR) - Application No. 1232844 / 30-15; Stated 04/11/1968; Publish. 17.10 .1969. Bull. No. 32 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1969. - No. 32).

The disadvantages of the described two-line keeled opener, adopted by us as the closest analogue, are limited functionality.

The essence of the claimed invention

The problem to which the invention is directed is the separate sowing of seeds of two compatible agricultural crops in one line. crops or a single crop with different maturities and tier application of micro- and macro-fertilizers with increasing dose in proportion to the depth of their bookmarks.

EFFECT: increased yield and quality of seeds.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the well-known two-line keeled opener containing a baler, a hollow rack with a seed channel and a distributor, a knife-feeder with a channel for fertilizers, according to the invention, the baler and knife-feeder are formed by the left and right sidewalls and the insert between them, in The insert contains channels for the tiered supply of macronutrient fertilizers and microelements and seeds, on the left and right sides of the knife-feeder there are tiers of slot wall deformers in the form of oblique cylinders, the mounting part of the knife-feeder I and the mouth are coupled to a beam equipped with fittings for separate connection of the sleeves with fertilizer and seed machines, each of the fittings is threaded with a threaded tip connected to an individual channel in the insert, the lower parts of the feed channels are equipped with flow dividers in the inserts connected to the exit windows of the sidewalls behind the knife-feeder, the narral is formed by bends left and right, equipped with seminal channels formed by the left and right sidewalls and grooves in the insert.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a two-line keeled opener, side view.

In Fig.2 is a view A in Fig.1, a front view of the keel-shaped opener with a knife-feeder and installed behind him in the form of racks bent to the left and right.

In Fig.3 - section bB in Fig.1, the pairing of the beam with the mounting sections of the liner of the left and right sidewalls.

In Fig.4 is a section bb In Fig.1, the seed channel of the right oblique rack of the narral.

In Fig.5 is a cross section GG in Fig.1, a transverse vertical section of the channel for feeding fertilizer in the channel of the knife-feeder and flow divider when feeding the left and right opener sides into the windows.

In Fig.6 - section DD in Fig.1, a horizontal section of the channels in the combined part of the knife-feeder and narralnik.

In Fig.7 - section EE in Fig.1, a horizontal section of the channels in the knife-feeder and bent to the left and right racks of the narrator.

In Fig.8 is a section FJ in Fig.1, a horizontal section of the channels for feeding the fat and the flow divider of the upper tier.

In Fig.9 - section ZZ in Fig.1, a horizontal section of the channels for feeding the fat and the flow divider of the middle tier.

Figure 10 is a cross-section And-And in figure 1, a horizontal section of the channels for feeding the fat and the flow divider of the lower tier.

In Fig.11 - section KK in Fig.1, a horizontal section of the lower part of the knife-feeder with a channel between the left and right sidewalls for supplying fat to the bottom of the slit.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

A two-line keeled opener contains a mouthpiece 1, a hollow stand 2 with a seed channel 3 and a distributor, a knife-feeder 4 with a channel 5 for fertilizers (see figures 1 and 2).

The ramp 1 and the knife-feeder 4 are formed by the left and right sidewalls 6, 7 and the insert 8 between them. The thickness of the liner 8 is 1.5-2.5 times greater than the thickness of the sidewalls 6 and 7. After all the preparatory operations have been completed, the liner 8 with the sidewalls 6 and 7 are mutually conjugated into an integral unit by spot welding or explosion welding.

In the insert 8, channels 9, 10, 11, 12 are made for the tiered supply of macro-fertilizers and microelements and channels 13, 14 for the removal of seeds. On the left and right sides 6, 7 of the knife-feeder 4, pairs of deformers 15, 16, 17 of the slit wall are arranged in tiers in the form of cylinders with oblique sections at the ends. Deformers 15-17 with sidewalls 6, 7 are connected by welds. The mounting part of the knife-feeder 4 and the mouth 1 is paired with the bar 18. The bar 18 is equipped with fittings 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 for separate connection by sleeves with fertilizer and seed drills of the seeder. Each of the fittings 19-24 is associated with an individual channel 9-14 in the insert 8.

The lower parts of the channels 10, 11 and 12 are equipped with dividers 25, 26, 27 flows in the insert 8. Channels 10, 11 and 12 dividers 25, 26, 27 are connected to the output windows 28, 29 and 30 on the sides 6 and 7.

Placed behind the knife-feeder 4, the mouthpiece 1 is formed by the posts 31 and 32 bent left and right. The posts 31 and 32 are provided with seed channels 13 and 14 formed by the left and right sidewalls 6, 7 and the grooves in the insert 8. The insert 8 is connected to the beam 18 by a groove on its lower edge and welds. The joints of the sidewalls 6 and 7 with the beam 18 are also connected by T-welds. Mounting holes 33 are made on the bar 18 for connection to a seeder lead. The front parts of the knife-feeder 4 and the left and right racks 31, 32 of the mouth 1 are equipped with cutting edges 34, 35 and 36.

Two-line keeled opener works as follows.

In a seeder equipped with a sectional fertilizer box, with fertilizer machines and a sectional seed box with individual seed machines, granular mineral fertilizers and seeds of the sown crops are poured, for example, soybeans of two varieties of different ripening periods, to obtain edge effects when filling the seeds. The current metering device is connected by means of flexible hoses with fittings 19-22 on the opener bar 18. Seed sowing devices are connected with similar sleeves to the fittings 23 and 24 of the beam 18. When the seeder is driven by the drive from its wheels, synchronous rotation of the seed and fertilizer sowing devices is obtained, ensuring a uniform removal of 19-24 fertilizers and seeds into the nipple.

Due to the length of the leash and the counterweight, the keeled opener is set to a predetermined depth of sowing seeds and seeding fertilizers. A cutting edge 34 of the knife-feeder 4 in the seed layer forms a vertical gap, in the lower part - the bottom of the gap with inclined walls. With the movement of the knife-feeder 4 and drive fertilizer devices, configured for individual dosed feed, the largest amount of fertilizer through channel 9 in the insert 8 is poured onto the bottom of the slot (see Fig.6-11). Fertilizers fed in the smallest amount through the channel 10 in the insert 8 are fed to the divider 25 and, through the windows 28 on the left sidewall 6 and the right sidewall 7 (see Fig. 5), are directed towards the deformers 15. Due to the deformers 15 in the side walls of the slot niches are formed. Oblique slices at the rear end of the cylinder of each deformer 15 provides the laying of the least amount of fertilizer in the niche of the upper tier. Similarly, through channels 11 and 12, fertilizers are fed into the niches of the slit walls made by the deformers 16 and 17 of the middle and lower tiers. The amount of fertilizer in the niche is laid differentially to the development of the root system of soy plants. In accordance with the terms of soybean vegetation, micronutrients are fed into one of the channels (12) to form a crop and proper seed quality. Thus, the knife-feeder 4 in the vertical gap is laid tiered-mineral fertilizers and trace elements in accordance with the required mineral nutrition for plant development. The described fertilizer tab excludes direct contact of soybean seedlings and their chemical burn.

The cutting edges 35 and 36 of the inclined racks 31 and 32 form the left and right inclined slots, on the bottom of which soybean seeds, for example, two varieties of different ripening periods, are fed through channels 13 and 14.

Thus, the described keel-shaped opener produces two-line sowing of seeds and a longline laying of macro- and microelements for mineral nutrition of agricultural plants.

The described keel-shaped coulter successfully solves a problem, for example, longline sowing of seeds of melons, with unstable weather during sowing. For this, flexible enough sleeves from fittings 23 and 24 are thrown onto fittings 19-22, taking into account the real sowing pattern. Fertilizers are served in the lateral directions by the racks 31 and 32 of the mouth 1.

Thus, the described set of essential distinguishing features ensures the achievement of the technical result.

Claims (4)

1. A two-line keeled opener containing a mouthpiece, a hollow stand with a seed channel and a dispenser, a knife-feeder with a channel for fertilizers, characterized in that the mouth and knife-feeder are formed by the left and right sidewalls and the insert between them, and in the insert there are channels for tier supply of macronutrient fertilizers and microelements and seeds, and on the left and right sides of the feeder knife, pairs of slot wall deformers in the form of cylinders with oblique sections are tiered, and the mounting part of the feeder knife and the narral are paired with a beam equipped with fittings for separate connection of the sleeves with fertilizer and seed machines, each of the fittings is threaded by a tip connected to an individual channel in the liner, the lower parts of the channels for feeding the fertilizers provided with flow dividers placed in the liner connected to the exit windows of the sidewalls, while being located at the rear the feeder knife is formed by the narralik bent to the left and to the right by the uprights equipped with seminal channels formed by the left and right sidewalls and grooves in the insert. 2. The opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the front parts of the knife-feeder, left and right racks of the narral are equipped with cutting edges. 3. The opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the mounting holes are made on a beam. 4. The opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the liner is paired with a bar through a groove on its lower face and welds.

Images