RU2279315C1 - Method for flattening of grain and grain mixtures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, processing of grain for producing of flattened grain and grain mixtures.

SUBSTANCE: method involves providing intensive short-time processing of grain in hot air flow at temperature of 450-600 C and flattening, with processing being conducted in hopper after initial heating of heat source to temperature of 450 C; continuing grain processing in pulsed mode at pulse duration of 1-5 s depending on fraction size and moisture content; providing continuous grain flattening in vibration mill. Staggered electric heaters may be used as heat source.

EFFECT: improved quality of flattening grain and grain mixtures and increased efficiency of flattening process.

2 cl, 1 dwg, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the technology of grain processing and can be used in the feed industry and agriculture in the production of flattened grain and grain mixture.

A known method of producing flattened grain, including heating the flatting device and flattening (RF Patent No. 2121398, 02 C 4/42, 12/28/94, publ. 10.11.1998). The disadvantage of this method is the insufficient quality of the obtained flattened grain.

A known method of thermal stressing of grain raw materials, including intensive short-term processing of grain at a temperature of 450-600 C in a stream of hot air. Kandaurov S.N., Ganzha V.L., Chervyakov A.V., Sharshunov V.A. “Thermal extruding of grain raw materials” (journal “Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture”, issue 9, Moscow, 1999, p. 11, ref. Journal, 44, VINITI, No. RZh 00.10.44.173) - prototype. This method allows for the refinement of grain without artificial moistening it. By controlling the rate of moisture release from the grain, you can adjust its nutritional properties. The disadvantage of this method is its low productivity.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality and productivity of the process of obtaining flattened grain.

The problem is solved by the method of flattening grain and grain mixture, including intensive short-term processing of grain in a stream of hot air at a temperature of 450-600 ° C and flattening, according to the invention, the processing is carried out in a bunker with the initial heating of the heat source to 450 ° C, and then the processing is carried out pulse with a pulse duration of 1-5 s and a shutter speed of 1-5 s based on the size of the fraction and the moisture content of the grain, while providing continuous subsequent crushing of the grain in a vibration mill.

According to the invention, electric heaters installed in a bunker in a checkerboard pattern are used as a heat source.

An analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype revealed the features that distinguish the proposed solution from the prototype, which meets the "novelty criterion".

A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the known did not reveal solutions whose features coincide with the features of the proposed solution, which meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows schematically a device for implementing the proposed method.

The device consists of a hopper 1, in which a heat source 2 is fixed, for example, in the form of electric heaters installed in a checkerboard pattern. Grain or grain mixture 3 is poured into the hopper 1. The hopper 1 communicates with a conditioning device 4, for example, a vibration mill.

The method is as follows. Electric heaters 2 are staggered installed in hopper 1 (metering hopper) and connected to a power source through a thermal relay and a time relay (not shown in the drawing). The power source is turned on, which connects the thermal relay and through it electric heaters 2. After heating the electric heaters 2 to a temperature of 450 ° C, the thermal relay turns on the time relay. The time relay is configured for the duration of the heating pulse and the shutter speed, which are selected experimentally based on the size of the fraction and the moisture content of the grain.

For large grains (soybeans, peas), the duration of the heating pulse ranges from 2.5 to 5 s, depending on humidity. The exposure time for such seeds is less and is 1-2.5 s and depends on the size and humidity.

For small seeds (millet, wheat, oats, barley), the pulse duration is 1-2.5 s, and the exposure time is 2.5-5 s.

The pulse duration and exposure time of 1 s corresponds to maintaining the temperature within 450-455 ° C. At this temperature, moisture is actively released in the grain of small-seeded crops.

A pulse duration of 5 s at a shutter speed of 1 s corresponds to a temperature of 595-600 ° C, which is the limit for the passage of the process of moisture release. With a further increase in temperature, over-drying of the grain and its burning occurs.

After reaching a temperature of 450 ° C, grain (grain mixture) is fed into the hopper, for example, using a dispenser, which, passing through a system of electric heaters installed in a checkerboard pattern, instantly heats up, and moisture is released from it, which helps soften and “swell” the grain . The softened and “expanded” grain from the hopper 1 enters the conditioning device 4 (for example, a vibratory mill). An increase in pulse duration increases the amount of “expanded” grain, which is unacceptable in the production of flattened grain. Therefore, a pulse duration of 1-5 s is optimal.

Example 1. They took 10 kg of wheat with a moisture content of 14%. Using a conveyor belt, it was loaded into a hopper in which the heating elements were staggered. The temperature of the heating elements was previously brought up to 450 ° C. The time relay was set in such a way that the duration of the heating pulse was 2 seconds, and the shutter speed was 3 s. The loaded grain, passing through the heating elements installed in the hopper, instantly heated, became plastic, and part of it expanded. After that, it entered a vibrating mill (adjusted for conditioning), where it was flattened. Received 9.8 kg of rolled grain with a moisture content of 13.7%. Flattened grain was 91.7%, “expanded” - 6.3%, flour - 2%.

Example 2. They took 7 kg of oats with a moisture content of 13%, peas - 3 kg with a moisture content of 15%. Further, as in example 1, only the pulse duration was 4.5 s, and the shutter speed was 1 s. Got a homogeneous flattened mixture in the amount of 9.9 kg with a mixture moisture of 13.7%. Flattened grain was 85.3%, “expanded” - 8.4%, flour - 6.3%.

Example 3. They took 10 kg of soybean with a moisture content of 14%. Further, as in example 1, but the pulse duration is 5 s, the shutter speed is 1 s. Received flattened grain in the amount of 9.85 kg with a moisture content of 13.9%.

Thus, the proposed method improves the quality of the crushing of grain and grain mixtures, as well as due to the continuity of the crushing process.

Claims (2)

1. The method of flattening grain and grain mixture, including intensive short-term processing of grain in a stream of hot air at a temperature of 450-600 ° C and flattening, characterized in that the processing is carried out in the bunker with the initial heating of the heat source to 450 ° C, and then processing pulse with a pulse duration of 1-5 s and exposure for 1-5 s, based on the size of the fractions and the moisture content of the grain, while providing continuous subsequent crushing of the grain in a vibration mill. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as a heat source using staggered electric heaters.