RU2627071C1 - Line for processing lupine grains and other grain legume crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: line for processing lupine grains contains sequentially installed and functionally related elements. A screw grain conveyor (1) feeds grain to a grain storage hopper (2). Grain passes through a rock collector (3) and is fed to a hopper-discharge spout (5) in front of the grain shredders (6). The line contains a mixture elevator (8), an air separator (9), a grain-cleaning separator (10) and a storage hopper (11) with a screw grain conveyor (12) and a grain elevator (13), a shell conveyor (14), a hopper-discharge spout (15) in front of the crusher, a hammer vertical crusher (16), a storage hopper (17), a grain conveyor (18), a drying hopper (19), a grain drier (20), a bunker in front of the steamer (22). The hopper in front of the steamer is connected to the hopper-discharge spout (24). The hopper-discharge spout is installed in front of the aerovibration drier (25). A moisty grain elevator (28) is placed behind the drier. The line includes a magnetic separator (29). The hopper (30) is located above the flattening-cutting roller mill (31). The flattening-cutting roller mill includes at least two cylindrical rollers. The rollers are mounted to rotate synchronously or slide towards each other to produce flakes. A flake drier (33) and a cooling column (34) are located behind the mill. The flake elevator (35) is installed behind the column. The flake elevator is connected with a flake storage hopper (37) by a flake conveyor (36).

EFFECT: release of lupine beans from the shell without their crushing, elimination of anti-nutritional factors and protection of the lupine protein from destruction are provided.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and relates to a line for the production of feed from lupine, but which can be used for processing other leguminous crops.

Four types of lupine are produced in the Russian Federation, and no more than ten of the many that exist in nature are cultivated in the world (according to the classification of various authors, from tens to several hundred). Tighter requirements for the use of GM soy and its complete ban on animal feeding in some EU countries stimulate interest in new sources of vegetable protein, and especially lupine, which does not contain trypsin inhibitors and can be used in feed without prior heat treatment. The price of this crop on the world market is half the price of soy.

One of the main conditions for the economical and efficient consumption of feed today is its preparation before feeding in order to increase digestibility. A promising area is moisture and heat treatment of grain, whose share in the composition of animal feed is not less than 60-70%. As you know, cereal grain contains more than 50% starch - a valuable carbohydrate, but the enzymatic system of the digestive tract of young farm animals is little adapted to digest plant feeds. Therefore, a need arises for the preliminary cleavage of biopolymers of feed and their translation into compounds accessible to the action of digestive enzymes.

A known line for the processing of lupine from RF patent 2074618 C1.

This line has such a disadvantage as the need for crushing grain, while the most acceptable treatment is to moisten, steam and, most importantly, flatten the grain. However, flattening technology has not yet been widely used in feed mills due to the lack of domestic equipment. By choosing the optimal parameters for hydrothermal processing and flattening of grain, one can influence the physicochemical properties of starch and protein, achieve inactivation of anti-nutrients, predict an increase in the digestibility of nutrients, a decrease in fiber content, and destruction of enzymes.

Lupine grains (ZL) are high-protein beans with a balanced amino acid composition.

ZL competes in feed efficiency and nutritional value with soy. Do not contain GMOs.

The use of drugs is limited by the presence of a high-density membrane and anti-nutritional factors.

To eliminate these limitations, the proposed technological line for processing white lupine grain was developed with an original method of freeing beans from the shell, eliminating anti-nutritional factors, and “protecting” the lupine protein.

To remove the shell, the beans are destroyed, but not in the traditional way (crushing of various types), but with the help of a flattening-cutting roller machine. This allows you to get rid of the "flour", which greatly complicates the further processing of collapsed grain. A “torch” is a mixture of a shallow core and a crushed shell.

The technical result is that during the processing of lupine grains, the beans are released from the shell in the absence of crushing, anti-nutritional factors are eliminated, and the lupine protein is protected from destruction.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the lupine grain processing line contains sequentially installed and functionally connected helical grain conveyor that feeds the grain into the storage hopper, after which the grain passes through a stone collector and is fed into the estrus bunker in front of the grain grinders, after which the line contains the mixture elevator , an air separator, a grain cleaning separator and a storage hopper for the grains with a screw grits conveyor and a noriya for the grits, there is also a conveyor for the shell, the estrus bunker crusher, vertical hammer crusher, storage hopper hopper, grinder conveyor, drier hopper, grinder dryer, hopper in front of the steamer associated with the estrus bunker installed in front of the air-vibration dryer, after which the wet grill noria is placed, the magnetic separator, the hopper above the flap-cutting a roller machine containing at least two cylindrical rollers mounted rotatably synchronously or with sliding towards each other to obtain flakes, and after the machine races a cereal dryer and a cooling column are laid, after which a noria for cereal is installed, connected by a conveyor for cereal with a storage hopper for cereal.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

FIG. 1 is a general diagram of a line for processing lupine grains and other leguminous crops;

FIG. 2 is a photo of the rollers of a flaking-cutting roller mill.

The processing line for lupine grains and other leguminous crops consists of the following elements:

1 - screw grain conveyor;

2 - storage hopper grain;

3 - stone collector;

4 - stone collector fan;

5 - estrus bunker in front of the choppers;

6 - grain chopper;

7 - screw conveyor;

8 - noriya mixture;

9 - air separator;

10 - grain cleaning separator;

11 - storage hopper grits;

12 - screw conveyor belt;

13 - noriya grains;

14 - conveyor screw shell;

15 - estrus bunker before the crusher;

16 - vertical hammer crusher;

17 - storage bin hopper;

18 - conveyor screw grits;

19 - drying hopper;

20 - grain dryer;

21 - unloading device;

22 - hopper in front of the steamer;

23 - steamer;

24 - estrus bunker in front of the air-vibration dryer;

25 - aero-vibration dryer;

26 - fan of an air vibration dryer;

27 - screw conveyor;

28 - wet noria grits;

29 - magnetic separator;

30 - a hopper above the conditioning machine;

31 - flatting and cutting roller machine;

32 - drying hopper;

33 - cereal dryer;

34 - cooling column;

35 - noria flakes;

36 - screw flake conveyor;

37 - storage hopper flakes;

38 - conveyor flakes and shell;

39 - unloading device;

40 - cooling tower fan;

41 - steam heater air vibration dryer.

The line works as follows.

Grain of cereals and legumes after cleaning from litter and drying at the elevator is fed to the workshop storage hopper 2 and after the separation of stones on the stone separator 3 and metallomagnetic impurities on the magnetic separator 29 is fed to grinding and cutting machines (mechanisms) 6.

The crushed lupine is sent to the air separator 9, where it is divided into:

1. The shell with its subsequent crushing on a hammer crusher vertical 16 and storage in the hopper 17.

2. The crushed lupine, which in turn is divided into 3 fractions on a separator:

- lupine nibs 3-6 mm in size,

- fine grains for further toasting in dryers 20 and 33,

- a whole lupine and coarse grains of more than 6 mm, which are sent by gravity to recycling.

The grains of the 3-6 mm fraction are fed into a tubular steam heater-dryer 20, where, moving in the annular space, it is heated to a temperature of 80-100 ° C and enters a batch steam steamer 23, in which it is subjected to thermo-wet steam treatment with a pressure of 5 atm and a temperature 140 ° C for 2-3 minutes, depending on the required value of the protein MPI (security).

Due to the fact that after the steamer the product leaves with excess moisture, it is first fed to an air-vibration dryer 25, where, passing through vibrating bottoms with holes, it is dried with hot air after steam heaters.

The principle of operation of the flatting-cutting roller machine 31 is based on the destruction of grain in the gap between two cylindrical rollers rotating towards each other (Fig. 2). The rollers rotate synchronously or with sliding (with different speeds). On their working surface there are usually riffles located around the circumference or oriented along the generatrix of the cylinder. In the latter case, the profile of the riffles is performed in accordance with the norms of flour milling - asymmetrically. All this, together with the size of the gap, involves many schemes and modes of crushing and the corresponding results in the form of the fractional composition of the resulting product. Obviously, the larger the gap between the rollers and the cross-sectional area of the groove of the cut (corrugation profile), the smaller the fine fraction in the product and the larger the coarse one. It is clear that all sizes must be compared with the average particle size of the starting product.

It is not possible to consider all combinations of schemes and modes. In reality, we have available rollers with longitudinal flutes and equipment that allows us to vary the frequency of rotation of the rollers, slip and clearance.

For final drying, the grits are fed to a tubular steam dryer 33 and then to a cooling column 34, where they are cooled by purged air.

The product, dried to a moisture content of not more than 14% and cooled to a temperature not exceeding the ambient temperature by more than 10 ° C, has a satisfied flowability, does not cake. The bulk density is 710-740 g / l. The finished product is fed into the hopper 37 for storage and further shipment to the consumer. The positions not indicated in the description are auxiliary and do not affect the technological sequence of the process.

The proposed line also allows you to apply a whole lupine in the shell for preheating in the dryer 20 and then treat it with hot steam with a pressure of P = 5 atm in the steamer 23 for 5-6 minutes, and after drying on air-vibration dryers 25, send it to a conditioning and cutting roller mill 31 with an adjustable gap between the rollers (Fig. 2) to obtain lupine flakes of 0.8-1.0 mm

After drying in the dryer 33 and cooling in the column 34, the flakes are fed to the storage hopper for storage and subsequently for shipment.

Items not specified in the description are auxiliary and do not affect the process sequence of the process.

Claims (1)

A line for processing lupine grains, containing sequentially installed and functionally connected helical grain conveyor, feeding grain into the storage hopper of grain, after which the grain passes through a stone collector, and is fed into the estrus bunker in front of grain grinders, after which the line contains the mixture elevator, an air separator, grain cleaning separator and storage hopper with a conveyor screw grits and noriya for grits, there is also a conveyor for the shell, a bunker estrus before the crusher, hammer crusher vertik linen, storage hopper hopper, grinder conveyor, drier hopper, grinder dryer, hopper in front of the steamer connected to the heat hopper installed in front of the air-vibration dryer, after which the wet grill noria is placed, the magnetic separator, the hopper above the flap-cutting mill containing at least two cylindrical rollers mounted rotatably synchronously or with sliding towards each other to obtain flakes, and after the machine there is a flake dryer and a cooler the first column, after which a noria for cereal is installed, connected by a conveyor for cereal with a storage hopper for cereal.

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