RU2278514C1 - Method for detoxification of grain affected by microflora and toxins thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves treating grain with aqueous solution of hydrochloride of glycine decilic ether, said solution having concentration of 0.2-0.3%; performing treatment for 20 min at temperature of solution of 40 C, with grain : solution ratio making 1:2.5-3.0; washing grain with running water and after dripping of water, drying grain by blowing with heated air to basic moisture content of 14%.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in detoxification of grain owing to providing complete destroying of microorganisms and products of their activities, such as toxins, and absence of peroxide oxidation products.

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Description

The invention relates to the technology of processing and storage of grain.

Known methods of detoxification of feed by preserving them, namely the introduction of propionic acid in an amount of 70-80 wt.% And heat treatment with steam [1].

The disadvantage of these methods is that they prevent the development of microflora on the grain, but are not effective for the destruction of its toxins.

A known method of disinfecting grain by treating it with chemicals of peroxide or basic nature, for example, 2-10% hydrogen peroxide solution using a catalyst - divalent tin chloride [2].

The known method is effective only for a specific toxin produced by Fusarium mold. In addition, reagents are accumulated in solutions of non-recyclable or poorly recyclable waste materials. It is unfavorable for the processed grain and the environment.

A known method of detoxification of grain affected by microflora and its toxins by treating it with an aqueous solution saturated with gaseous ozone of high concentration - up to 0.2 mg / l for 10-40 minutes [3].

Ozone, as you know, is the strongest oxidizing agent, which, after sufficiently long contact with the grain, in the latter causes oxidative processes of its fat part with the formation of primary peroxide compounds. Storage of such grain is impossible due to uncontrolled, avalanche-like chain oxidation process of unstable primary peroxide compounds with the formation of secondary peroxide compounds with high toxicity.

Moreover, the increase in the content of peroxide compounds in ozone-treated corn grain occurs much faster than in wheat grain. This may be due, firstly, to the different fat content in corn and wheat grains. Secondly, various qualitative composition of fat, namely, unsaturated (easily oxidizable) fatty acids in corn grain accounts for up to 85%. In this regard, as a result of the storage of grain treated with ozone for 30 days, the content of secondary peroxide compounds (benzidine number) is 5-8 times higher than the initial content.

The technical result is the development of a method of grain detoxification, which ensures the complete destruction of microorganisms and their metabolic products - toxins and the absence of peroxidation products.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method, comprising treating grain with an aqueous solution of a chemical substance according to the invention, glycine decyl ester hydrochloride is used as a chemical substance, the solution concentration is 0.2-0.3%. The treatment is carried out for 20 min at a solution temperature of 40 ° C, with a grain: solution ratio of 1: 2.5-3.0, then the grain is washed with running water and after it has drained, the grain is dried by blowing with heated air to an initial moisture content of 14%.

Glycine decyl ester hydrochloride is a salt of the amino acid ester glycine and is a white scaly crystals with a molecular weight of 251.1, a melting point of 87-89 ° C, is readily soluble in water and alcohol.

Structural formula:

H ₂ NCH ₂ COOC ₁₀ H ₂₁ HCl

Glycine decyl ester hydrochloride has a high bactericidal activity, and therefore it is used for the sanitary treatment of milking equipment and milk pipelines [4]. As a result, the death of putrefactive (proteolytic) bacteria occurs, causing spoilage of milk and pathogenic microorganisms that cause food poisoning and infectious diseases.

Disinfection of smooth surfaces, such as tiles, glass, metlach tiles and the absence of toxicity of the drug, as well as complete destruction after 1.5 hours in vivo, recommends glycine decyl ether hydrochloride for disinfection of equipment and premises of food production [5].

The method was carried out as follows. Glycine decyl ester hydrochloride was prepared under laboratory conditions. At stage I, glycine hydrochloride was obtained. For this, in a suspension of 100 g of glycine and 30 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid, heated to 100-120 ° C, hydrogen chloride was bubbled for 15-20 minutes until the reaction mixture was completely homogenized. After cooling the mass in a crystallizer, it was filtered, the filter cake was washed with acetone and dried in air.

The yield of glycine hydrochloride is 99%.

Melting point 184-185 ° C.

In the second step, glycine decyl ester hydrochloride was obtained.

For this, a mixture of glycine hydrochloride and decyl alcohol in a ratio of 1: 3 with constant stirring was heated to 110-120 ° C, sparging through the reaction mass, a stream of dry nitrogen.

The mixture was kept at this temperature for 8 hours. 0.5 hours after the start of exposure, dry hydrogen chloride was passed into the reaction mass for 10-15 minutes at a speed of 20-40 bubbles per minute. This operation was repeated after 2-3 hours and 1 hour before the end of the process. The solution is fully homogenized 5 hours after the start of exposure.

After the reaction, 100 ml of acetone was added to the mixture and the mass was heated at 60-70 ° C with constant stirring for 10-15 min, cooled, filtered and dried in air.

The product yield is 95%. Melting point 87-89 ° C.

Then, an aqueous solution of glycine decyl ester hydrochloride was obtained in a concentration of 0.2-0.4%.

Example 1. Wheat, unsuitable for feeding, infected with microflora and containing toxins (aflatoxin, ochratoxin, trichotoxin) was loaded into a container with a mixer, filled with an aqueous solution of glycine decyl ester hydrochloride at a rate of 1: 2.5-3.0. The temperature of the solution is 20 ° C. Maintained for 30 min with periodic stirring. After that, the grain was unloaded onto a mesh bottom pan and washed with running water. After water draining, the grain was dried by blowing with heated air to an initial moisture content of 14%.

Example 2. Wheat, unsuitable for feeding, infected with microflora and containing toxins (aflatoxin, ochratoxin, trichotoxin, etc.) was loaded into a container with a stirrer, filled with an aqueous solution of glycine decyl ester hydrochloride at a temperature of 40 ° C at the rate of 1 ÷ 2.5 -3.0 was kept for 20 min with periodic stirring.

Further, as in example 1.

Example 3. Corn, unsuitable for feeding, infected with microflora and containing toxins, was loaded into a container with a stirrer, filled with an aqueous solution of glycine decyl ether hydrochloride at a temperature of 20 ° C from the calculation of 1: 2.5-3.0 and kept for 30 min with periodic stirring. Further, as in example 1.

Example 4. Corn, unsuitable for feeding, infected with microflora and containing toxins, was loaded into a container with a stirrer, filled with an aqueous solution of glycine decyl ether hydrochloride at a temperature of 40 ° C at the rate of 1: 2.5-3.0. kept for 20 min with periodic stirring. Further, as in example 1.

The results of grain processing are presented in the table.

Sample Name The concentration of the solution,% The temperature of the solution, ° C The ratio of grain and solution Processing time, min The microflora content (colonies in 1 ml of grain extract) The content of toxins, mg / kg of grain The residual content of the solution, after processing mg / kg of grain before processing after processing before processing after processing Corn 0.1 twenty 1: 3.0 thirty 726 168 8.39 0.57 absent Wheat 0.15 twenty 1: 3.0 twenty 721 four 9.01 0.20 absent Corn 0.2 twenty 1: 3.0 thirty 723 absent 7.98 absent absent Corn 0.2 40 1: 2.5 twenty 756 absent 8.23 absent absent Wheat 0.2 40 1: 3.0 twenty 722 absent 8.44 absent absent Corn 0.3 twenty 1: 3.0 thirty 718 absent 8.14 absent absent 40 1: 2.5 25 730 absent 9.32 absent absent Wheat 0.4 twenty 1: 2.5 twenty 734 absent 9.47 absent absent Corn 0.4 twenty 1: 2.5 twenty 829 absent 11.22 absent absent

The increase in the content of primary and secondary peroxide compounds in the grain of wheat and corn during storage for 4 months after processing by the proposed method is not marked.

Deviations in the growth and development of experimental broiler chickens as a result of feeding them processed grain by the proposed method immediately after processing and after 4 months of storage were not detected.

The use of a solution concentration of less than 0.2% does not ensure the complete death of microflora and its toxins.

The use of a solution temperature of less than 20 ° C leads to an increase in the exposure time of grain in the solution and does not guarantee the complete destruction of toxins.

When the grain: solution ratio is less than 1: 2.5, continuous mixing of the grain in the tank is necessary, which leads to an increase in energy consumption.

Sources of information taken into account during the examination

1. SU No. 461486, class A 23 K 3/00, 1972.

2. SU No. 511834, cl. A 01 No. 21/00, 1974.

3. SU No. 718072, cl. A 01 No. 21/00, 1980.

4. RU No. 2238001, cl. A 23 C 7/02, 2004.

5. Gorlov I.F., Karengina T.V. Scientific and practical substantiation of the intensification of production of competitive livestock products and their complex processing. Volgograd, 2002, pp. 81-86.

Claims (1)

The method of detoxification of grain affected by microflora and its toxins, including treating grain with an aqueous solution of a chemical substance, characterized in that the chemical substance used is glycine decyl ether hydrochloride, the solution concentration is 0.2-0.3%, and the treatment is carried out for 20 minutes at a solution temperature of 40 ° C with a grain: solution ratio of 1: 2.5-3.0, then the grain is washed with running water and after it drains, the grain is dried by blowing with heated air to an initial moisture content of 14%.