RU2278420C1 - Training robot - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: training robot contains elastic cover in form of plaster cast of human body, frame component, means for connecting frame to elastic cover, eye imitators with possible visualization of pupil reaction, mouth imitator with lips contour and rictus, nose imitator with wings of nose, thorax imitator, formed by a profiled plate, lungs imitator, trachea imitator, imitator of carotid artery pulsation with electromagnetic executive mechanism, indication block, controlling device with power block and an impact indicator. Lungs imitator in form of elastic bag with input and output apertures is held inside the thorax imitator. Trachea imitator in form of flexible pipe by one end is connected to input aperture of lungs imitator. Training robot is provided with fauces-nasopharynx imitator, imitator of ligaments, imitator of tongue, indicator of nose apertures griping, indicator of forced influx of air into rictus of mouth imitator, indicator of spatial position of tongue indicator and means for pain indication. Tongue imitator is made in form of a sphere. Fauces-nasopharynx imitator is made in form of a chamber with input aperture in upper end portion of chamber, connected to mouth imitator through check valve, and output aperture in bottom end portion of chamber, connected to second end of trachea imitator. In central area of chamber wall a nozzle is made in form of an aperture. To internal surface of wall in area adjacent to input aperture, by one of its ends an air stream generator is connected in form of an air duct. By its second end the latter is positioned near aforementioned nozzle symmetrically to its aperture. On the external side of chamber, valve of nozzle is mounted with possible interaction with indicator of nose apertures griping. As means for connecting frame to elastic cover, ligaments imitator is utilized in form of textile bur-type sticker, held on surfaces of frame and elastic cover directed towards each other. Pain indication means in form of a pressure indicator is mounted inside one of extremities of human body plaster cast. Indication block is positioned on the frontal wall of thorax imitator in form of distributed acoustical and optical information sources.

EFFECT: possible training in providing medical first aid to injured persons under conditions maximally approaching real conditions.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of medicine, namely to simulators designed to teach resuscitation skills and to develop first aid methods for injured people.

A known simulator for teaching methods of helping a person in emergency conditions [1], consisting of a personal computer, a dummy of a person with a head block, a body block, upper and lower limbs, equipped with simulators of pulse and external bleeding. The device includes a defibrillation circuit, an anatomical display and a learning process control system, while the head unit is equipped with an simulator of external temporal bleeding and contains sensors for applying a pressure bandage to compress the temporal artery, which are installed in the area of the tragus of the ear. The torso block includes an external bleeding simulator with an occlusion dressing overlay sensor, as well as a heart tone simulator. The lower and upper extremities of the known simulator are equipped with sensors for applying immobilization tires, applying hemostatic tourniquets and finger pressing arteries. In the well-known simulator, the anatomical display is integrated with the defibrillation circuit and is equipped with two external electrodes, and the defibrillation sensors are fixed in the human model, and all sensors are connected to the control system, providing a link between the anatomical display and the human model. One of the features of this simulator is that the simulator of heart sounds is made in the form of an electrodynamic head fixed in the region of the heart on the inner surface of the simulator of the chest. The simulator also contains a belt buckle model interacting with the torso block and placed in the waist region of a human model, as well as a lower jaw extension sensor, which is made of at least two optoelectronic pairs mounted on the ascending branches of the lower jaw. In addition to these sensors, the device also contains an external cardiac massage sensor, an excessive force sensor, and a pericardial shock sensor, which are located on the main panel of the torso unit and interact with the bracket operatively. On the back side, a shock sensor is installed in the form of an optoelectronic pair mounted on a common plate of the body block under a deformed incision made in the body shell in the interscapular region. The simulator also provides the possibility of operational interaction of the optoelectronic pairs of the overlay sensor of the immobilization tires with the immobilization tires proper, the placement of which is provided in the limbs and hips.

The disadvantage of this analogue is the complexity of the design and the acquisition of skills associated with the use of exclusively stationary equipment (in particular, an anatomical display) to support their development, which in real conditions (where there is no anatomical display) significantly reduces the clarity and sequence of resuscitation, up to erroneous actions .

Known robot simulator [2], which imitates the human body and contains a breath simulator through the mouth, a simulator of the upper airway associated with a lung simulator, a head tilt simulator, a chest simulator, pivotally mounted in the neck and collarbone, as well as a pulsation simulator carotid artery, two pupil reaction simulators, a pressure sensor and an acceleration sensor. The simulator robot is equipped with an indication unit associated with the said sensors, wherein the acceleration sensor is located under the lung simulator, equipped with a respiratory air volume sensor, the chest and lung simulators are separated by a plate that is hinged on the same axis as the chest simulator, while the plate spring loaded relative to the chest simulator. All sensors of the robot simulator are installed with the possibility of transmitting a signal to an electronic signal processing unit. In addition to these blocks and elements, the device is equipped with a translucent sternum shell with the image of the ribs, under which a simulator of the circulatory system is placed, made of an optical fiber connected to a light source with side radiation. In the known device, simulators of breathing through the mouth and nasal airways are connected via one tube into a tee with a simulator of patency of the upper respiratory tract, and a check valve is installed between the simulator of patency of the upper respiratory tract and the simulator of the lungs.

On the limb simulator, made in the form of the arm of a robot simulator, elements of the indicating unit are placed in the wrist region, and this limb simulator is connected to the model of the human body with the possibility of rotation at least in the shoulder joint. Pressure sensors are placed in this device in the area of the clavicles and xiphoid process, and the LED introduced into the head model creates a pupil simulator using a black-and-white mask.

A drainage system equipped with a bactericidal filter interacts with a lung simulator and prevents the possibility of cross-infection transmission during the operation of the robot simulator.

Consider the known device inherent in the following disadvantages. Firstly, he has limited training capabilities, for example, on this robot simulator it is not possible to master the skill to get the victim out of a coma, because when the robot simulator is flipped onto his stomach, he does not have airway patency. Secondly, the presence of an indication unit on the forearm of the hand in the area accessible to the learner’s gaze leads to the development of a steady, almost reflexive attempt to track the result of his actions, which can certainly be attributed to a harmful skill. And, finally, when mastering the procedure of artificial ventilation of the lungs due to insufficient constructive study of the device, situations of indicating success in practicing this skill with respect to the parameter of lifting the chest simulator (even if the nose simulator is not squeezed) with a strong dynamics of the air stream inhaled by the student through the mouth of the simulator are possible the mouth of the robot simulator. In a real situation (with a specific victim), it is unlikely that his chest will be raised during artificial ventilation without squeezing the wings of the nose, therefore, the skill of mandatory blocking of air passage through the nasal openings during artificial ventilation of the lungs may not be fixed in the student, which also causes a decrease in quality learning.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result analogue is a simulator for practicing first aid skills [3], which consists of a model of the human body, equipped with anatomical landmarks, and a frame. The human body model is equipped with a head unit that forms a simulator of the oral and nasal respiratory openings, as well as an eye pupil reaction simulator, a neck unit containing a carotid artery pulsation simulator, a torso block with an inspiration valve and a respiratory simulator of the chest simulator, a group of inspiration, pressure sensors and shock, moreover, these sensors are associated with a control device formed by digital computing means, and an information display unit. The dummy of the human body of the known device is made of an elastic shell imitating the skin (in particular, plastisol can be used) so that it combines the head block, the neck block and the body block. Moreover, in the area adjacent to the neck block to the head block (from the back of the dummy of the human body), the elastic shell forms a fold.

The elastic shell of the dummy of the human body is rigidly bonded to the frame of the known device, formed by two parts independent from each other in the form of supporting bases containing racks, the lower ends of these racks, and at the upper ends of the racks the supporting bases themselves are positioned, respectively placed in the occipital and dorsal regions of the dummy human body.

The chest simulator is equipped with a pressure sensor, a simulator of the xiphoid process and a clavicle simulator.

The work of the heart in the simulator is reproduced by a simulator of pulsation of the carotid artery. It is mounted by means of an elastic plate on a plate of the frame of the body block and is installed so that it is in contact with the elastic shell of the dummy of the human body. In this case, the carotid artery pulsation simulator is structurally designed as an electromagnet equipped with a plate, and its anchor is mounted with the possibility of interaction with the specified plate containing an elastic gasket in the zone of interaction with it. The electromagnet itself is suspended by a dielectric element on the aforementioned plate on a bracket so that it interacts in the area of the carotid artery with a flat spring.

The design feature of the inspiration valve used in the prototype device is that it is equipped with a pressure rod located on the outlet side, and the pressure rod is rigidly connected to a spring-loaded locking plate located in the valve body and installed to interact with its annular seat made in the body of the inspiratory valve. The non-return valve is also mounted inside the same housing.

The respiratory simulator of the device in question is made in the form of a sealed bag, which is placed on the mounting plate of the frame of the trunk unit. With this mounting plate, a movable plate connected by at least one spring to the chest simulator is fastened by a hinge to one of its ends. The chest simulator, in one embodiment, is a profiled plate, fastened with its own hinge to the same mounting plate as the previous nodes. The ends of the said springs are rigidly fastened, on one side of the spring, with the movable plate of the sealed bag of the respiratory simulator, and on the other hand, with the profiled chest simulator plate. The second embodiment of the simulator of respiratory movements involves the use of a bellows, one of the ends of which is fixed to the surface of the mounting plate, and the second end is connected with a profiled plate of the chest simulator. The interaction of the skin fold simulator with the inspiratory valve stem is ensured by a pivot arm pivotally mounted on the support base of the torso block in the area of the skin fold simulator.

The simulator in question is adopted as a prototype device of the inventive robot simulator

The prototype device has several disadvantages, the most significant of which are described below. As in the case of the previous analogue, the prototype has limited functionality in terms of training. Specifically, it is impossible to develop skills to remove the injured person from a coma due to the lack of hardware implementation of this training mode in the device. It is also not possible to provide training in the correct skills of transferring the victim from one place to another due to the lack of control over the position of the dummy of the human body in space in the prototype hardware.

Due to the fact that the design of the chest simulator is bonded to the elastic shell of the prototype simulator locally (at several points) and only from the back of the dummy of the human body, an uncontrolled displacement can occur during the operation of the simulator using the skill training element in the form of pressure on the chest simulator elastic shell relative to the inner frame. Since the effect of a significant displacement of the skin of a person in real conditions of exposure to it by mechanical force is absent, the displacement of the elastic shell of the simulator that occurs causes the student at least confusion. Therefore, the quality of training in resuscitation skills, which, as part of their operations, to one degree or another contain a mechanical effect on the chest simulator (for example, indirect heart massage) is reduced. In this case, the unsuccessful constructive solution of the attachment point of the elastic shell to the frame in the prototype is the reason for reducing its service life.

The location of the display unit on the forearm of the dummy of the limb of the human body of the prototype simulator in the area accessible to the learner’s on-line survey leads to the development of a stable tendency to monitor the result of his actions, which certainly can be attributed to an extremely harmful skill.

In the prototype, the pulse simulation is provided by an electromagnetic relay, which accompanies the process of its functioning with a sound effect in the form of rattling. Since in real conditions of resuscitation the victim’s pulse is practically silent for a person nearby, the rattling of an electromagnetic relay is the reason for instilling in the student an unacceptable parasitic skill - the ability to control the presence of a pulse in the simulator by the sound of anthropogenic origin propagating in the air.

In the prototype device, a node simulating the oral, nasal and pharyngeal space is made as a tee equipped with appropriate flexible tubes. This constructive solution has an organically inherent disadvantage of the tee, which manifests itself in teaching the skills of artificial lung ventilation. It consists in the fact that, in a series of sequential actions preceding the trainee’s inhalation of the simulator’s mouth simulator, the nasal aperture of the simulator’s nose may not be squeezed due to a student’s mistake, however, the chest simulator may be lifted from the simulator’s body by a powerful stream of inhaled air . Therefore, the clamping of the nasal openings of the nose simulator, as an integral part of the skill of stable mechanical ventilation, can be successfully not mastered by the student, which reduces the quality of this kind of training to an unacceptable level.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed, is to improve the quality of training

The technical result expected from the application of the invention is the development of first aid methods for injured people in as close as possible to real conditions.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the robot simulator containing an elastic shell in the form of a dummy of the human body, a composite frame, means for fixing the frame with an elastic shell, eye simulators made with the possibility of visualizing the pupil reaction, a mouth simulator equipped with a lip line and a mouth opening, a simulator nose equipped with wings of the nose, a chest simulator formed by a profiled plate, a lung simulator, made in the form of an elastic bag equipped with an inlet, and fixed inside the simulator and the chest, a tracheal simulator made in the form of a flexible tube, one of the ends of which is connected to the inlet of the lung simulator, a carotid pulsation simulator equipped with an electromagnetic actuator, an indication unit, a control unit with a power supply, a non-return valve, and an impact sensor, it is additionally equipped with a mouth and throat simulator, ligament simulator, tongue simulator, nasal simulator clamping sensor, forced air intake sensor in the mouth opening of the mouth simulator, pro the transverse position of the tongue simulator and a pain indication means, wherein the tongue simulator is made in the form of a sphere, the oropharynx simulator is made in the form of a chamber containing an inlet made in the upper end part of the chamber and connected to the mouth simulator through a check valve, an outlet made in the bottom end parts of the chamber and connected to the second end of the tracheal simulator, a nozzle made in the central region of the chamber wall in the form of an opening, an air jet shaper made in the form of an air duct, o one of its ends is rigidly fastened to the inner surface of the wall in the area adjacent to the inlet, and its second end is positioned symmetrically at the nozzle to its opening, the nozzle valve mounted on the outside of the chamber with the possibility of interaction with the sensor for clamping the holes of the nose simulator, while As a means of fixing the frame with an elastic shell, a ligament simulator is used, made in the form of a textile velcro of the "burdock" type, mounted on the facing surfaces of the frame and elast the egg shell, and the lung simulator is equipped with an outlet, and the pain indicator is made in the form of a pressure sensor installed inside one of the limbs to simulate the human body, while the indication unit is placed on the front wall of the chest simulator in the form of distributed sound and optical information sources.

It is desirable that the profiled plate of the chest simulator in longitudinal section has a horseshoe-shaped appearance and has a hole in the zone of greatest curvature.

It is advisable that the electromagnetic actuator simulator pulsation of the carotid artery was made in the form of a vibrating electric motor.

It is preferable that the simulator of pulsation of the carotid artery is placed in an elastic tube that is attached from the inside of the elastic membrane of the dummy of the human body in the zone of the carotid artery through a simulator of ligaments.

It matters that the frame of the head of the dummy of the human body was made of plates profiled according to its shape, the first ends of which are pivotally connected to each other in the frontotemally region of the head of the dummy of the human body, and the second ends of which would interact in the cervical region with a spacer through the lock connection.

It is advisable that the sensor forced air into the mouth simulator was made in the form of a pressure sensor and was fixed near the inlet of the simulator of the oropharynx.

Preferably, the lung simulator is attached within the chest simulator through a ligament simulator.

Preferably, the simulator of the nasopharynx contains a shoulder located along the edge of the nozzle opening from the side of the internal volume of its chamber.

It matters that the duct is made in the form of a plate or pipe.

It is desirable that the area of the passage section of the pipe be not less than the area of the inlet of the simulator of the oropharynx.

A comparative analysis of the claimed invention with the prototype device revealed the following circumstances. The proposed object of claims differs from the prototype device by the presence of new significant features characterizing the introduction of a simulator of the nasopharynx, a ligament simulator, a sensor for clamping the nasal openings, a sensor for forcing air into the mouth of the mouth simulator, the spatial position sensor of the tongue simulator and a pain indicator , as well as other constructive implementation of common essential features, which allows us to conclude that the proposed technical th to the criterion of the invention of "novelty".

The above distinguishing features are necessary and sufficient to achieve the claimed technical result in a single combination with all the features of the claimed device. From the existing level of technology, the applicant has not found known technical solutions containing signs that are identical and / or equivalent to the distinguishing feature of the proposed invention and which separately, partially or completely, achieve the claimed technical result, which reflects the solution of a long-known problem in obtaining particularly good results. The claimed design of the robot simulator from the prior art did not explicitly follow and was not obvious. In connection with these arguments, it seems possible to conclude that, according to the applicant, the industrial property proposed by him meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings:

- figure 1 schematically shows a section of the robot simulator assembly;

- figure 2 schematically shows a fragment of a section of the head of the dummy of the human body of the simulator with a General view of the functional relationships of the simulator of the nasopharynx located in it;

- figure 3 schematically shows a fragment of a section of the head of the dummy of the human body in a position that models the placement of the victim on a horizontal surface face up, with a conditional section of the simulator of the oropharynx;

- figure 4 schematically shows a fragment of a section of the head of the dummy of the human body in a position that simulates the placement of the victim on a horizontal surface face down, with a conditional section of the simulator of the oropharynx;

- Fig. 5 schematically shows a fragment of a section of the head of a man’s body model thrown back for artificial ventilation of the lungs in a state when the nose wings of the nose simulator are not compressed, in conjunction with the image of the conditional section of the simulator of the oropharynx;

- Fig.6 schematically shows a fragment of a section of a man’s body cast back for artificial ventilation of the lungs of the head in a state when the nose wings of the nose simulator are compressed, in conjunction with the image of the conditional section of the simulator of the oropharynx;

- Fig. 7 schematically shows a section of a model of a human body in the zone of articulation of a model of a limb with a body model, the border of which is equipped with a means for indicating pain (side view);

- Fig. 8 schematically shows a dummy of a human body in the zone of articulation of a dummy of a limb with a dummy of the body, the border of which is equipped with a means for indicating pain (view from the back);

- figure 9 schematically shows a fragment of a functional electrical circuit of the inventive robot simulator.

The list of positions.

1. The elastic shell.

2. The head of the dummy of the human body.

3. The body is a dummy of the human body.

4. The lower limb is a dummy of the human body.

5. The frame of the head.

6. Head frame plate.

7. Head frame spacer.

8. A simulator of ligaments in the form of textile Velcro.

9. Eye mimics.

10. The line of the lips of the mouth simulator.

11. The mouth opening of the mouth simulator.

12. The simulator of the nose.

13. Wings of the nose.

14. A horseshoe-shaped plate simulating the chest.

15. A hole in the horseshoe-shaped plate of the chest simulator.

16. The inlet of the lung simulator.

17. Elastic bag simulator of the lungs.

18. The outlet of the lung simulator.

19. The working volume of the lung simulator.

20. The simulator of the trachea.

21. A simulator of pulsation of the carotid artery.

22. The display unit.

23. The simulator of the oropharynx.

24. The camera simulator of the oropharynx.

25. The inlet of the simulator of the oropharynx.

26. The outlet of the simulator of the oropharynx.

27. Nozzle simulator of the oropharynx.

28. Flange nozzle simulator of the oropharynx.

29. Air duct.

30. A language simulator.

31. Check valve.

32. Sensor forced air into the mouth;

33. The sensor clamps the nasal openings in the simulator of the nose;

34. Valve nozzle;

35. The spatial position sensor imitator language;

36. The site of the junction of the trunk and one of the lower extremities, containing a built-in means of indicating pain;

37. The hole in the joint;

38. Pressure sensor means for indicating pain;

39. The direction of air flow.

40. shock sensor;

41. Chest elevation sensor;

42. Sensor pressing the xiphoid process

43. The indicator of pressing the xiphoid process;

44. Button for selecting the operating mode;

45. A control system comprising a power supply.

The robot simulator contains an elastic shell 1 (Figure 1), which can be made, for example, of plastisol, combining the head of a dummy of a human body 2 (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 1, .4 and Fig. 6), the torso of a dummy of the human body 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8) and the limbs of the dummy of the human body, including the lower limb 4 (Fig. 7 and Fig. 8). In the head of the dummy of the human body 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 4 and Fig. 6) there is a head frame 5 (Fig. 1), consisting of plates 6 profiled in shape of a head ( Figure 1), the first ends of which are pivotally (not shown) connected to each other in the fronto-parietal region of the head 2 (Figure 1), the dummy of the human body, and the second ends of which interact with the strut of the head frame 7 (Figure 1) thanks to the lock connection (not shown). The frame of the head 5 (FIG. 1) of the dummy of the human body is firmly pressed from the inner side to the surface of the elastic shell 1 (FIG. 1) and can be fastened to the latter by using means of fixing the frame (not shown). In one and manufacturing options, the frame of the head 5 (Figure 1) can be made folding, that is, the type of frame of the umbrella. In this case, the assembly and tuning of the said assembly of the robot simulator outside the elastic shell 1 is facilitated (FIG. 1), which helps to raise both the build quality itself and the quality of tuning (fitting). In the device for fixing the predominantly elastic shell 1 (Fig. 1) and the frame elements interacting with it, including the head frame 5 (Fig. 1), as well as some simulator units, use a ligament simulator 8 (Fig. 1), structurally executed in the form of textile flypaper like "burdock". The proposed design of the simulator of ligaments 8 (Figure 1) allows you to increase the damping of external mechanical stresses on the design of the robot simulator and, in addition to significantly improving the reliability of fastening, leads to a more even distribution of the mechanical load on the surface of the elastic shell, thereby extending the service life of the robot simulator.

In accordance with generally accepted requirements for the placement of anatomical landmarks on the model of the human body, head 2 (Figure 1, Figure 2), the model of the human body is equipped with eye simulators 9 (Figure 1, Figure 2). In addition, the head of the dummy of the human body 2 (Figure 1, Figure 2) is equipped with a simulator of a mouth containing a line of lips 10 (Figure 2) and a mouth hole 11 (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4 , Fig. 4 and Fig. 6), a nose simulator 12 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) equipped with wings of the nose 13 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). These elements of the head of the dummy of the human body 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 4 and Fig. 6) are made of the same material as the elastic shell 1 (Fig. 1). The chest simulator of the robot simulator is formed by a horseshoe-shaped plate 14 (Fig. 1) located along the longitudinal profile of the body, while in the place of its greatest curvature the horseshoe-shaped plate of the chest simulator 14 (Fig. 1) is provided with an opening 15 (Fig. 1).

The lung simulator of the robot simulator contains an inlet 16 (FIG. 1) in an elastic bag 17 (FIG. 1), as well as an outlet 18 (FIG. 1) formed therein, ensuring that the working volume 19 is filled with atmospheric air in the initial state (Figure 1). This allows you to expand the boundaries of the functional capabilities of the proposed robot simulator, as it becomes hardware implemented the possibility of learning the skills of ventilationless cardiopulmonary resuscitation, i.e. without forced air from the lifeguard’s lungs to the mouth opening of the mouth simulator 11 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 4 and FIG. 6).

A lung simulator can be made, for example, by a pattern of elastic material, and also a conventional sports ball camera can also be used as a lung simulator. In any of these cases of structural design, the lung simulator is fixed from the inside to the surface of the horseshoe-shaped plate of the chest simulator 14 (Figure 1) by means of a ligament simulator 8 (Figure 1). Connected to the inlet of the lung simulator 16 (FIG. 1) is a tracheal simulator 20 (FIG. 1) made of flexible material in the form of a tube passed through an opening in the horseshoe-shaped plate of the chest simulator 15 (FIG. 1).

In the region of the carotid artery in the trunk 3 (Fig. 1) of a dummy of the human body, a simulator of pulsation of the carotid artery 21 (Fig. 1) is placed, which is made on the basis of an electromagnetic actuator made in the form of a vibrating electric motor. The passage of the stages of training and the acquisition of resuscitation skills is accompanied by the operation of the display unit 22 (Figure 1), which in the form of distributed sound and optical sources of information is placed on the front wall of the chest simulator.

In the head of the dummy of the human body 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 4 and Fig. 6) on the head frame 5 (Fig. 1) a simulator of the oropharynx 23 is fixed (Fig. 1, Fig. .2) formed by the camera 24 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6), which contains an inlet 25 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6) located in its upper end part, an outlet 26 (FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6) made in its bottom end part, and a nozzle 27 (FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. .6) made in the central region of its wall in the form of an opening. The nozzle of the simulator of the oropharynx 27 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6) contains a collar 28 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6), made along the edge of its hole from the inside the volume of the chamber 24 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). In the chamber of the simulator of the oropharynx 24 (FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 4 and FIG. 6), an air duct 29 is positioned (FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6), which ensures stabilization of the movement of flows forced in chamber 24 (FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 4 and FIG. 6) of air. Air duct 29 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6) can be made both in the form of a plate or in the form of a nozzle, in the latter case, the area of the passage section of the nozzle must be not less than the area of the inlet 25 (Fig. .3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6) a simulator of the oropharynx. The chamber of the simulator of the oropharynx 24 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6) is equipped with a language simulator 30 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6) placed therein, made in the form of a sphere . In the mouth hole of the mouth simulator 11 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6), a check valve 31 (FIG. 2) is installed, coupled to the inlet of the mouth-throat simulator 25 (FIG. .3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). In addition, the simulator of the oropharynx is equipped with a sensor forcing air into the mouth 32 (Figure 2), and the nose simulator 12 (Figure 1, Figure 2) contains a sensor for clamping the nasal openings 33 (Figure 3, Figure 4, 5 and 6). On the outside of the nozzle 27 (FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6), a valve of the nozzle 34 (FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6) is mounted, cooperating in a control circuit (not shown) with a pinch pin nasal openings 33 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6).

The positioning of the language simulator 30 (FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6) depending on the spatial position of the head of the dummy of the human body 2 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and 6) is controlled by the spatial position sensor of the language simulator 35 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). The junction 36 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) of the trunk 3 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) and one of the lower extremities 4 (Fig. 7 and Fig. 8) of the human body model contains an integrated means for indicating pain. The transition between the trunk and limb at the joint 36 (Fig. 7 and Fig. 8) can be performed, for example, in the form of an elastic diaphragm, which contains a through hole 37 (Fig. 7 and Fig. 8) that facilitates the correct operation of the pressure sensor of the indication means pain 38 (Fig.7 and Fig.8) due to gas exchange with the atmosphere. To ensure the development of skills of precardial shock, the claimed robot simulator is equipped with a shock sensor 40 (Figure 1), which is placed under the horseshoe-shaped plate of the chest simulator 14 (Figure 1) in the ligament simulator 8 (Figure 1) above the elastic bag of the lung simulator 17 (Figure 1). On the opposite side of the lung simulator between it and the opposite area of the horseshoe-shaped plate of the chest simulator 14 (Fig. 1), also in the ligament simulator 8 (Fig. 1), a chest elevation sensor 41 (Fig. 1) is positioned. In the robot simulator under consideration, the impact on the xiphoid process is controlled by using a sensor for pressing the xiphoid process 42 (Figure 1), connected by a control circuit, for example, galvanic, with an indicator for pressing the xiphoid process 43 (Figure 1).

The robot simulator is also provided with a button for selecting the operating mode 44 (Fig. 9), operatively interacting with the control system 45 (Fig. 9), which can be made on the basis of standard computing tools, for example, a computer with a digital processor equipped with an uninterruptible power supply unit (not shown) and the necessary interfaces.

Using the proposed robot simulator allows you to master the following methods of correct interaction with the victim in the framework of first aid and successfully consolidate the skills learned:

- withdrawal of the victim from a coma;

- performing precardial shock (mechanical defibrillation);

- conducting cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which includes artificial ventilation of the lungs and indirect heart massage;

- Carrying out ventilationless (manual) cardiopulmonary resuscitation;

- careful and accurate handling, excluding causing pain to the victim during dressing or transportation.

The use of the inventive robot simulator can occur in several independent modes, and its functioning when choosing a specific application mode proceeds as follows.

EXAMPLE 1

The robot simulator is used in the "TRAINING" mode. First, turn on the electrical power to the control unit 45 (Fig.9). When you turn on the control system 45 (Fig.9) enters the state of automatic self-testing. The performance check of all sensors, indicators and actuators is performed. In the initial state, these elements are in the off state. With a positive result of the completion of the self-testing process, the robot simulator is ready for use. The selection of the mode is carried out by the button for selecting the operating mode 44 (Fig.9). The operating modes are switched sequentially (in particular, training> exam> coma> pain ...) while holding down the button for selecting the operating mode 44 (Fig. 9) for, for example, 5 seconds.

The LEARNING mode is characterized by the initial state in which the iris of the iris of the eye simulator 9 is not turned on (Figure 1 and Figure 2) and the carotid artery pulsation simulator 21 is not turned on (Figure 1). In the "TRAINING" mode, the student acquires the skills of conducting a precardial stroke and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Before starting resuscitation in the “TRAINING” mode, the student must assess the condition of the “victim”, that is, check the presence of pulsation on the robot simulator (feeling for the area of the carotid artery in the dummy of the human body) and the presence of the iris of the eye simulators 9 (FIG. 1). The absence of the above signs indicates the need to begin resuscitation. Resuscitation, at the discretion of the student, can begin both with the application of a precardial stroke, and with cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

In real conditions of carrying out a cycle of resuscitation, before applying a precardial blow to the sternum of a person, the student must cover his xiphoid process with two fingers, since when it hits, this process can break off from the sternum and damage the liver. Therefore, a punch on the sternum is applied 4-5 cm above the fingers covering the xiphoid process.

When mastering the method of applying a precardial shock on a robot simulator, a student in this way is obliged to cover with two fingers of one hand the location of the xiphoid process on the model of the human body of the robot simulator, and then strike with a fist of the other hand through an elastic shell 1 (Figure 1) on a horseshoe-shaped plate a chest simulator 14 (Figure 1). The shock wave pulse acts on the shock sensor 40 (Figure 1). If the precardial stroke was performed correctly by the student, then the shock sensor 40 (FIG. 1) sends a corresponding information signal to the control system 45 (FIG. 9) that the precardial stroke was performed by the student successfully. After processing this signal, the control system 45 (Fig. 9) issues a command to “revive” the robot simulator, which finds expression in the launch of its “cardiac” activity, that is, by switching on for 60 seconds a simulator of pulsation of the carotid artery 21 (Fig. 1) and switching the backlight circuit of the eye simulators 9 (FIG. 1 and FIG. 2). The illumination of the pupils of the eye simulators 9 (Figure 1) of the robot simulator imitates narrowed pupils, as in a real victim. The narrowing of the pupils indicates that the real victim is conscious. By analogy with this, as a result of the successful implementation of the precardial stroke, the student should observe the glow of the iris of the eye simulator 9 (Figure 1) of the robot simulator, and in the area of the carotid artery feel the pulsation with a frequency of 1 Hz (60 times / min).

After a predetermined period of time (for example, 60 seconds), the control system 45 (Fig. 9) turns off the carotid artery pulsation simulator 21 (Fig. 1) and the backlight of the eye simulators 9 (Fig. 1), remaining in the "LEARNING" mode.

It should be noted that the implementation of the simulator of pulsation of the carotid artery 21 (Figure 1) based on a vibrating micromotor for pagers (or mobile phones) and its connection with an elastic sheath 1 (Figure 1), for example, through an elastic tube through a simulator of ligaments 8 (Fig .1), allows to eliminate the sound effect in the form of rattling inherent in the prototype, and to achieve maximum similarity of pulsation in the carotid artery with the pulse of a real person.

In order to teach the skills of the correct execution of the precardial stroke on the horseshoe-shaped plate of the chest simulator 14 (Figure 1), in the zone of the xiphoid process, a sensor for pressing the xiphoid process 42 (Figure 1) is connected to the indicator for pressing the xiphoid process 43 (Figure 1) )

In that case, if the student has not complied with the above recommendations on the technique of performing a precardial stroke, then he can use his fist to guess a robot simulator in the zone of the xiphoid process of the human body simulator. Then, the sensor for pressing the xiphoid process 42 (Fig. 1) will inform the control system 45 (Fig. 9) of the student’s mistake. After processing this signal, the control system 45 (Fig. 9) blocks all resuscitation programs and all sensors except the operation mode selection button 44 (Fig. 9), and then issues a command to start the sound and light signaling by means of the indicating unit 22 (Figure 1), including highlighting the xiphoid region with an indicator of pressing the xiphoid process 43 (Figure 1), thus notifying the student of inept actions. A mistake made by students is considered fatal; as a result, its robot simulator "died." It is advisable to organize the operation of the display unit 22 (Figure 1) so that the light and sound signaling are not interrupted until the moment (for example, about 1 second) pressing the mode selection button 44 (Figure 9), which is informing the control system 45 (Fig. 9) that the mistake made by the student is fixed and realized. After this action is completed by the students, which essentially provides a feedback from the control system 45 (Fig. 9), the training simulator again returns to the "LEARNING" mode and expects the students to begin a new cycle of resuscitation.

According to the adopted provision, if after the first precardial stroke on the sternum of a person the pulse does not appear in the victim, the first aid provider should begin a cardiopulmonary resuscitation cycle or in full, including artificial ventilation of the lungs from the mouth to the mouth and the accompanying This is an indirect heart massage, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation using only indirect heart massage (the so-called "fanless" - manual resuscitation). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, when performed in its entirety, consists of alternating several cycles of artificial ventilation of the lungs and indirect heart massage. Each cycle of indirect heart massage and mechanical ventilation corresponds to 5 to 15 pressures on the chest and 1-2 times the forced air supply to the lungs of the victim. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation can begin with both mechanical ventilation and indirect heart massage.

In the "TRAINING" mode, the acquisition of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills is performed as follows: with one hand, the student grabs the chin of the head of the dummy of the human body 2 (Figure 1) of the robot simulator, and the other hand holds the nose simulator 12 (Figure 1, Figure 2 ) Compression of the wings of the nose 13 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) of the simulator robot simulates pinching of the nasal openings, since the sensor for pinching the nasal openings 33 (Fig. 3) is activated, while ensuring that the nozzle of the nasopharynx simulator 27 is blocked (Fig. 6) by the nozzle valve anchor 34 (Fig.6). Next, the student must throw back the head of the dummy of human body 2 (Fig.6) of the robot simulator. When tilting the head of the dummy of the human body 2 (Figure 6) to an angle of at least 15 °, the valve of the tongue simulator 30 (Figure 6), by the action of gravitational forces, comes off its saddle formed by the outlet of the oropharynx simulator 26 (Figure 6), including in operation, the sensor of the spatial position of the tongue simulator 35 (Figure 2), and opens the outlet of the mouth simulator 26 (Figure 6). Then the student should take a deep breath (having collected the maximum possible amount of air into his lungs), bend down and press his lips tightly against the lips of the mouth simulator 10 (Figure 2) of the robot simulator, exhale air from his lungs into the mouth opening of the mouth simulator 11 (Fig.6). As a result of the movement of the air flow, a sensor for forced air into the mouth 32 is triggered (FIG. 2), and the air flow will move in direction 39 (FIG. 6) through the inlet of the oropharynx simulator 25 (FIG. 6), the chamber of the oropharynx simulator 24 ( 6), enveloping the duct 29 (Figure 6), through the outlet of the simulator of the oropharynx 26 (Figure 6), along the simulator of the trachea 20 (Figure 1), and then through the inlet of the simulator of the lung 16 (Figure 1) will rush in the working volume of the lung simulator 19 (Figure 1). If the student exhaled into the mouth opening of the mouth simulator 11 (Figure 6) with a sufficiently powerful force, then the flow gives him excessive pressure, because despite the presence of the outlet of the lung simulator 18 (Figure 1), the air is delayed and accumulates in the specified working volume due to the fact that the inlet of the lung simulator 16 (FIG. 1) is larger in cross section than the similar size of the outlet of the lung simulator 18 (FIG. 1). As a result of the accumulation of air in the working volume of the lung simulator 19 (Fig. 1), an increase in pressure occurs in it and the elastic bag of the lung simulator 17 (Fig. 1) pushes the edges of the horseshoe-shaped plate of the chest simulator 14 (Fig. 1), that is, a lift is simulated chest in the torso of the dummy of the human body 3 (Figure 1). In this case, the elastic bag of the lung simulator 17 (Figure 1) due to excess pressure in the working volume of the lung simulator 19 (Figure 1) has a direct mechanical effect on the chest lift sensor 41 (Figure 1), thereby generating a signal about this event. As a result of the resuscitation action, four signals from the sensors 32, 33, 35, and 41 (Figure 1) are received almost simultaneously at the control system 45 (Fig. 9), which indicates a correctly completed learning cycle of mechanical ventilation. Summarizing and processing the information received from the above-mentioned sensors, the control system 45 (Fig. 9) through the operation of the display unit 22 (Fig. 1) notifies about the positive result achieved during the training by turning on the indicator light, for example, the green spectrum. After the learner receives the result of resuscitation in the form of raising the chest, he begins to perform a cycle of indirect heart massage. Due to the extraordinary structural design of the simulator of the oropharynx 23 (Figure 1), it seems necessary to explain some of the features of its design. They consist in that the simulator of the oropharynx 23 (Figure 1) contains a language simulator 30 (Figure 3-Figure 6), made in the form of a sphere, as well as the duct 29 (Figure 3-Figure 6), placed in the chamber simulator of the oropharynx 24 (Fig.3-Fig.6), and the duct 29 (Fig.3-Fig.6) and the nozzle 27 (Fig.3-Fig.6) do not allow the flow of air forced from the student’s lungs to penetrate tracheal simulator 20 (Figure 5) even in the case of a thrown back dummy of the human body 2 (Figure 5), i.e. when the tongue simulator 30 is unblocked (FIG. 5), the trachea simulator 20 is released (FIG. 1), but the nose wings 13 are not clamped (FIG. 2). This is due to the fact that a stream of air fixed by the sensor forcing air into the mouth 32 (Figure 2), with the force entering the chamber of the simulator of the oropharynx 24 (Figure 5), is always in this case directed by the air duct 29 (Figure 5) to the nozzle of the simulator of the oropharynx 27 (Figure 5) and through its hole is discharged out of the said chamber. At the same time, in the space between the duct 29 (Figure 5) and the tongue simulator 30 (Figure 5), a dynamic rarefaction of air is created and the air flow from the outlet of the oropharynx simulator 26 (Figure 5) moves in the direction 39 (Figure 5).

The direction of movement of the air flow 39 (FIG. 6) changes significantly if, when the head of the human body 2 (FIG. 6) is tilted back by more than 15 °, the simulator robot, trained with fingers, pinches the wings of the nose 13 (FIG. 6) of the nose simulator 12 (FIG. 2). The probe for pinching the nasal openings in the nose simulator 33 (Fig. 6) is triggered, thereby ensuring that the valve nozzle 34 (Fig. 6) overlaps the orifice of the oropharynx 27 simulator (Fig. 6). For this reason, the outlet of the air flow from the nozzle of the simulator of the oropharynx 27 (FIG. 6) is stopped, and the forced air flow into the chamber 24 (FIG. 6) of the student’s lungs unfolds inside the chamber of the simulator of the oropharynx 24 (FIG. 6) and rushes to the outlet simulator of the oropharynx 26 (Figure 6), subsequently leading to the filling through the tracheal simulator 20 (Figure 1) of the working volume of the lung simulator 19 (Figure 1), thereby causing the robot simulator to simulate the rise of the chest.

It should be noted that the air flow exiting the nozzle of the simulator of the oropharynx 27 (Figure 5) can be brought outside the chamber of the internal volume of the elastic shell 1 (Figure 1) of the robot simulator using an additional tube connected to the nozzle of the simulator of the oropharynx 27 (Fig. .3-FIG. 6) during its state that the nozzle 34 (FIG. 3-FIG. 6) is not blocked by the valve. The introduction of an additional tube (not shown) will eliminate the appearance of condensation inside the elastic shell 1 (Figure 1), and, as a result, prevent the development of bacterial colonies inside it.

In the course of a student performing a mechanical ventilation technique on a robot simulator, the following situations may arise that qualify as typical errors of resuscitation:

1 - The wings of the nose 13 are not clamped (Figure 2) and the head of the dummy of the human body 2 is not thrown back to the set angle (Figure 3), but the student took a strong forced breath of the air flow into the mouth opening of the mouth simulator 11 (Figure 3).

2 - The wings of the nose 13 are not clamped (Figure 2), but the head of the dummy of the human body 2 is thrown back to the set angle (Figure 5) and the student performed a strong forced breath of the air flow into the mouth opening of the mouth simulator 11 (Figure 5).

3 - The wings of the nose 13 are clamped (Figure 2), but the head of the dummy of the human body 2 is not thrown back to the set angle (Figure 1) and the student performed a strong forced breath of the air flow into the mouth opening of the mouth simulator 11 (Figure 2).

4 - The wings of the nose 13 are clamped (Figure 2), the head of the dummy of the human body 2 is thrown back to the set angle (Figure 6), but the student performed a weak forced breath of the air flow into the mouth opening of the mouth simulator 11 (Figure 6).

With any of these errors in performing artificial lung ventilation, the control system 45 (Fig. 9) is assembled with the possibility of warning about the negative outcome of the performed resuscitation cycle with a short sound signal, for example, for about 0.5 seconds, or a combination of such signals. This gives the opportunity to fix the student’s attention on the mistakes made by him and opens the way to eliminating the wrong skills during repeated cycles of resuscitation. In essence, sound coding of errors is organized. So, for example, if a student performs the first three cycles of artificial lung ventilation accurately, but makes a weak exhalation of air from his lungs into the mouth opening of the mouth simulator 11 (Figure 2) of the robot simulator, then the dynamic air flow entering the working volume of the lung simulator 19 ( Figure 1) does not create in it the excess pressure necessary and sufficient to ensure the triggering of the sensor for raising the chest 41 (Figure 1), since forcibly entering there under low pressure, it is immediately etched at a rate adequate to the rate of admission Nia outwardly through the outlet lung simulator 18 (Figure 1). After the termination of the forced inspiration into the mouth opening of the mouth simulator 11 (FIG. 1), the forced air sensor 32 (FIG. 2) is turned off by sending a corresponding signal to the control system 45 (FIG. 9). The control system 45 (Fig. 9), having analyzed the signals received from the sensors, gives, for example, a command to the display unit 22 (Fig. 1) to play four short beeps, thus informing the student of his weak exhalation. Having decided on the procedure for performing resuscitation and establishing that it is allowed, for example, only two unsuccessful (not strong enough) for triggering the chest elevation sensor 41 (Figure 1) of a student’s inspiration into the mouth of the mouth simulator 11 (Figure 1), after the second unsuccessful attempts of artificial ventilation of the lungs, as well as in the case of successfully performed artificial ventilation of the lungs, the trainee must proceed to indirect heart massage, i.e. make from 5 to 15 pressures on the sternum region of the dummy of the human body of the robot simulator with an amplitude of deflection of the horseshoe-shaped plate of the chest simulator 14 (Figure 1) from 3 to 5 cm.

As part of the procedure for performing indirect cardiac massage, the student begins to rhythmically press on the sternum model of the human body, transmitting the mechanical pressure created by him to the horseshoe-shaped plate of the chest simulator 14 (Figure 1), and through it to the elastic bag of the lung simulator 17 (Figure 1 ), literally squeezing out of the working volume 19 (Figure 1) the air there, one part of which is blown through the outlet of the lung simulator 18 (Figure 1) outward, and the second part of this air, passing the tracheal simulator 20 (Figure 1) and imitates rotonosoglotki 23 Torr (1, 1) is output through the nozzle 27 rotonosoglotki simulator (1, 2) under an elastic shell 1 (Figure 1). However, before this, the second part of the air, coming under excessive pressure into contact with a part of the surface of the tongue simulator 30 (Figure 3) through the outlet of the lung simulator 18 (Figure 3), pushes a spherical tongue simulator 30 from its saddle (Figure 3), what is recorded by the spatial position sensor of the language simulator 35 (Figure 2). In addition to the operation of the aforementioned sensor, the movement of the air flow in the mouth opening of the mouth simulator 11 (FIG. 3) is additionally recorded by the sensor of forced air intake in 32 (FIG. 2).

Thus, with each pressing of the sternum of the dummy of the human body, the tongue simulator 30 (Fig. 3), acting as a valve controlled by gravity, displaces from its saddle formed by the edge of the outlet of the oropharynx simulator 26 (Fig. 3-Fig. 6) , with a high degree of approximation to reality, reproducing the process of liberation from the affected person of the pharyngeal space from the language "failed" in it. Accordingly, under real conditions of resuscitation, the passage of air flow from the lungs through the upper respiratory tract into the nasal openings is fully ensured. In the proposed robot simulator as the nasal openings acts as a nozzle simulator of the oropharynx 27 (Fig.3-Fig.6). Air squeezed out of the working volume of the lung simulator 19 (FIG. 1) cannot exit through the mouth opening 11 (FIG. 2), because a check valve 31 is installed in it (FIG. 2). And so that the tongue simulator 30 (FIG. 3) displaced from its saddle, which is the edge of the outlet opening of the oropharynx simulator 26 (FIG. 3), it is necessary to quickly and with a force of at least 15 kg press the horseshoe-shaped plate of the chest simulator 14 (FIG. .one). In this case, each correctly applied effort is recorded by three sensors, namely: the chest raising sensor 41 (Figure 1), the spatial position sensor of the tongue simulator 35 (Figure 2) and the sensor forcing air into the mouth 32 (Figure 2) . The signals from these sensors enter the control system 45 (Fig.9), which analyzes the correctness of the resuscitation performed. Pressing the sternum of the dummy of the human body of the robot simulator with a force of less than 15 kg by the forced air sensor 32 (Figure 2) and the spatial position sensor of the language simulator 35 (Figure 2) are not fixed, since in this case there is no displacement of the language simulator 30 (Figure 3) from the inner edge of the outlet opening of the simulator of the oropharynx 26 (Figure 3) and air cannot enter into its chamber 24 (Figure 3), but is vented to the atmosphere through the outlet of the lung simulator 18 (Figure 1).

The correctness of the student performing indirect cardiac massage is evaluated not only by the almost simultaneous operation of the chest lift sensor 41 (Fig. 1), the spatial sensor of the language simulator 35 (Fig. 1) and the sensor of forced air into the mouth 32 (Fig. 1), but also by the frequency of their operation, i.e. by the time interval between clicks. Software in the inventive robot simulator, this time interval is set by an interval from 0.7 to 1.5 seconds.

A more frequent (fast) pace of pressing in real conditions leads to fracture of the ribs in the resuscitated, undergoing first aid. Therefore, in the "TRAINING" mode, upon detection of the first time interval between presses of less than 0.7 seconds, the control system 45 (Fig. 9) will record a rib fracture, after which it will block all resuscitation programs and all sensors except the operation mode selection button 44 (Fig. .9), and then issues a command to turn on the audible alarm and one of the indicator lights of the display unit 22 (Fig. 1), for example, the red spectrum, to highlight the area of the “broken” rib on the model of the human body of the robot simulator, notifying about ibke. In this case, the light and sound alarms are not interrupted until the momentary pressing (about 1 second) of the button to select the operating mode 44 (Fig. 9), as a result of which the control system 45 (Fig. 9) returns to the LEARNING mode and waits again the resumption of the learner.

If pressing the sternum of the dummy of the human body to the student is performed correctly both in terms of the amount of applied effort and the frequency of execution, then the control system 45 (Fig. 9) includes, via the display unit 22 (Fig. 1), one of the light indicators, for example, blue spectrum, located in the clavicle region on the dummy of the human body, informing so of success.

The first successfully completed artificial lung ventilation cycle plus indirect heart massage (or indirect heart massage plus artificial lung ventilation) control system 45 (Fig. 9) marks the pupils of the eye simulators 9 with illumination (Fig. 1). The illumination of the pupils of the eye simulators 9 (Figure 1) of the robot simulator creates the effect of narrowed pupils inherent in a real victim who regained consciousness. The illumination of the pupils of the eye simulators 9 (Figure 1) of the robot simulator indicates that the robot simulator conditionally says "is conscious". And now the next task of the student is to restore cardiac activity.

Carrying out cardiopulmonary resuscitation is constantly associated with monitoring its results from the control system 45 (Fig. 9), while any of the above errors when performing a cycle of artificial ventilation of the lungs or indirect heart massage is clearly recorded by the control system 45 (Fig. 9), in as a result, it turns off the backlight of the pupils of the eye simulators 9 (Figure 1). The latter circumstance leads to an increase in the time that the student spends on the “revitalization" of the claimed robot simulator. The next successfully completed artificial lung ventilation cycle plus indirect heart massage (or indirect heart massage plus artificial lung ventilation) is again accompanied by the resumption of illumination of the pupils of eye simulators 9 (Fig. 1), that is, the robot simulator is again “conscious”.

The control system 45 (Fig. 1) after 8-10 consecutive successfully completed resuscitation cycles of artificial lung ventilation plus indirect heart massage (or vice versa) “revives” the simulator robot, which manifests itself in restoring its “cardiac” activity, characterized in that the backlight pupils of eye simulators 9 (Fig. 1) is supplemented by the inclusion of a simulator of pulsation of the carotid artery 21 (Fig. 1) for about 60 seconds. At the time of the specified "revitalization" of the robot simulator, the control system 45 (Fig. 9) captures the time spent by the student to obtain this positive result. After about 60 seconds, the control system 45 (Figure 1) turns off the simulator of pulsation of the carotid artery 21 (Figure 1) and de-energizes the backlight of the eye simulators 9 (Figure 1), remaining in the "LEARNING" mode.

Under real conditions of resuscitation, with each pressure on the chest of the victim, his heart is compressed between the chest bone and spine, due to which blood from the heart is ejected into the vessels and moves through the body. After the cessation of pressure, the sternum of a real person returns to its original position, and blood flows from the vessels into the heart. Consequently, each pressure on the human chest replaces one contraction of his heart.

Indirect heart massage of the victim in addition to the resumption of blood flow leads to the displacement from his lungs of up to 300-500 ml of air removed into the atmosphere through the nasal and oral openings. When pressure is not applied to the sternum of the victim, the sternum returns to its original position, thereby creating a rarefied state of air in the victim's lungs. As a result, atmospheric air is sucked through the upper respiratory tract into the lungs of the victim, carrying out their ventilation. The method of manual artificial ventilation of the lungs is based on the use of the considered mechanism of forced ventilation of the lungs and stimulation of blood flow.

To restore the heart rhythm by means of a ventilationless version of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, it is required to press the sternum of the victim without interruption for 3-6 minutes, ensuring its deflection towards the spine by 3-5 centimeters.

The importance of acquiring resuscitation skills in this way is very relevant, especially when discharges from the victim's mouth pose a threat to the health of the rescuer himself. In addition, among potential rescuers there is a large percentage of fastidious people, and they are psychologically incapable of providing artificial lung ventilation to the injured by the type of “mouth to mouth” or “mouth to nose”. Therefore, learning the skill of ventilationless (manual) cardiopulmonary resuscitation will save the lives of many victims. The possibility of training and acquiring the indicated skill of ventilationless cardiopulmonary resuscitation is also provided in the claimed design of the robot simulator.

In order to acquire the skill of conducting ventilationless (manual) cardiopulmonary resuscitation in accordance with the invention, the student must begin to perform resuscitation actions with indirect heart massage. Clicking on the sternum of the dummy of the human body of the robot simulator, the student spends the first 3-6 minutes according to the method described above under continuous monitoring of the control system 45 (Figure 9).

As part of acquiring the skill of carrying out ventilationless cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the student puts pressure on the sternum of the dummy of the human body (in fact, through the elastic membrane 1 (Figure 1) on the horseshoe-shaped plate of the chest 14 (Figure 1)) and through it transfers the force to the elastic bag of the simulator lung 17 (Figure 1), deforming it and squeezing out of the working volume of the lung simulator 19 (Figure 1) the air there, the first part of which is blown through the outlet 18 (Figure 1) into the atmosphere, and the second part of which arrives through the tracheal simulator 20 (FIG. 1) into the outlet of the oropharynx simulator 26 (FIG. 3) and pushes the tongue simulator 30 (FIG. 3) due to the pressure difference from the inner edge of its orifice, then going outside through the nozzle of the oropharynx simulator 27 (FIG. 3).

As soon as the student stops pressing the dummy of the human body of the robot simulator on the sternum, the tongue simulator 30 (Fig. 3), under the influence of gravity, as if by a valve closes the outlet of the oropharynx simulator 26 (Fig. 3), positioning itself on its edge as if on a saddle. The horseshoe-shaped plate of the chest simulator 14 (FIG. 1), due to its spring properties, returns to its original position, ensuring that atmospheric air is sucked into the elastic bag of the lung simulator 17 that has regained its original shape through the outlet 18 (FIG. 1). The cross-sectional area of the outlet of the lung simulator 18 (Figure 1) is 3-5 times less than the area of the orifice of the nozzle simulator of the oropharynx 27 (Figure 2). This allows air to quickly exit the working volume of the lung simulator 19 (Figure 1) and slowly suck it out of the atmosphere through the outlet of the lung simulator 18 (Figure 1), accurately mimicking the process of forced ventilation of the lungs of the injured person occurring with the injured person in real conditions .

After approximately 200-300 consecutive successfully performed by the student pressing the sternum of the dummy of the human body, the control system 45 (Fig. 9) “revives” the robot simulator, that is, it includes for approximately 60 seconds a simulator of pulsation of the carotid artery 21 (Fig. 1) and switches the power supply backlight simulators of the eyes 9 (Figure 1). After the passage of the specified time, the control system 45 (Fig. 9) turns off the simulator of pulsation of the carotid artery 21 (Fig. 1) and breaks the power supply circuit of the backlight of the eye simulators 9 (Fig. 1), remaining in the "LEARNING" mode.

EXAMPLE 2

The claimed robot simulator is used in the "EXAM" mode. First, turn on the electric power supply to the control unit 45 (Fig.9). With this inclusion, the control system 45 (Fig. 9) enters a state of automatic self-testing. The performance check of all sensors, indicators and actuators is performed. In case of a positive result of the completion of the self-testing process, the robot simulator is ready for use. The initial state of the "EXAM" mode is characterized by the fact that the illumination of the irises of the eye simulators 9 is not turned on (Figure 1) (the pupils of the eyes are dilated in an unconscious state), and the carotid artery pulsation simulator 21 is not turned on (Figure 1) ( variant of the accident, when the injured person does not have a pulse due to stopping the work of his heart).

In the "EXAM" mode, the operation of the robot simulator is as follows. Since the transition from the "TRAINING" mode to the "EXAM" mode can be done simply by pressing and then holding (for example, for 5 seconds) the operation mode selection button 44 (Fig. 9), from this moment the instructor starts the stopwatch and counts down the time spent by the examiner on the implementation of resuscitation.

In the "EXAM" mode, a check is made to see how well the test subject mastered the skills of conducting precardial stroke and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mastered by him as a student at the training stage.

The difference between the "EXAM" mode and the "TRAIN" mode is that in the "EXAM" mode there are no prompts generated by the display unit 22 (Figure 1), for example, in the form of an audible alarm, about errors made during mechanical ventilation, if the head of the dummy of the human body is not thrown back to the required angle of more than 15 °, or if the examinees did not clamp the wings of the nose 13 (Figure 2). There is also no visual clue about the correctness of performing mechanical ventilation, in particular, the indication of the raising of the chest simulator of the robot simulator is not carried out.

Before resuscitation, the examiner must determine the presence of a pulse in the victim, which is the claimed robot simulator. When ascertaining the fact of the absence of a pulse (the simulator of pulsation of the carotid artery 21 (Figure 1) does not work), the examiner proceeds to a cycle of resuscitation.

In the "EXAM" mode, the resuscitation cycle may, at the discretion of the examinee, begin both with a precardial stroke and with cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Before applying a precardial shock, the examinee covers the location of the xiphoid process simulator with two fingers of one hand, in the positioning zone of which the sensor for pressing the xiphoid process 43 is placed (Fig. 1), and then with the fist of the other hand strikes the specified zone against the elastic membrane 1 (Fig. 1) a model of the human body of a robot simulator. The shock wave pulse propagates through the dummy of the robot simulator and acts on the shock sensor 40 (Figure 1). If the precardial stroke is delivered correctly, then the shock sensor 40 (FIG. 1) signals the control system 45 (FIG. 9) about this. After processing the signal of the shock sensor 40 (Fig. 1), the control system 45 (Fig. 9) gives a command to "revive" the simulator robot, which is expressed in restoring its "cardiac activity" by turning on the simulator of pulsation of the carotid artery for about 60 seconds ( Fig. 1) and switching the backlight circuit of the pupils of eye simulators 9 (Fig. 1). The illumination of the pupils of the eye simulators 21 (Figure 1) of the robot simulator creates the illusion of their narrowing by the type of narrowing of the pupils of a really injured person who is conscious. The illumination of the pupils of the eye simulators 9 (Fig. 1) indicates that the robot simulator is also “conscious”, and in the area of the carotid artery the test subject can feel a pulsation with a frequency of about 1 Hz (i.e. 60 pulsating shocks per minute ) After about 60 seconds, the control system 45 (Fig. 9) turns off the ripple simulator 21 (Fig. 1) and de-energizes the backlight supply circuit of the eye simulators 9 (Fig. 1), remaining in the "EXAM" mode. The instructor who is present at the passing of the exam stops the time spent by the examiner on this resuscitation, and, taking into account the result of comparing the time spent with the accepted standard, gives an estimate of the result.

When performing a precardial stroke, the examiner may inadvertently (for example, due to weak skills) hit with his fist in the positioning zone of the xiphoid process, where the sensor for pressing the xiphoid process 42 is located (Figure 1). In this case, the aforementioned sensor signals the control system 45 (Fig. 9) about the erroneous action of the examinee. After processing the signal about the error received from the sensor pressing the xiphoid process 42 (Figure 1), the control system 45 (Figure 1) blocks all programs of the robot simulator for resuscitation and all switching nodes of the sensors, except for the button for selecting the operating mode 44 (Fig. 9), and then issues a command to turn on the audible alarm and the indicator light pressing the xiphoid process 43 (Fig. 1), which highlights the positioning region of the xiphoid process on the dummy of the human body, notifying the instructor and the examiner about neum s actions last. The mistake made is considered fatal, since in real conditions it can lead to death for the injured person. Adequately to this real situation of a fatal outcome, the "death" of the robot simulator is also staged. At the same time, its light and sound alarms are not interrupted until a short-term (approximately 1 second) press on the mode selection button 44 (Fig. 9), after which the control system 45 (Fig. 9) returns to the "EXAM" mode and again awaits the beginning resuscitation. In this case, the instructor negatively evaluates the result achieved by the examiner.

If after the first test performed by the examiner on the sternum of the human body of the robot simulator, there are no signs of the functioning of the simulator of pulsation of the carotid artery 21 (Figure 1), the examinee must begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation, conducted either in full, or using only indirect heart massage (the previously mentioned "ventilationless" - manual resuscitation).

In the "EXAM" mode, resuscitation is carried out as follows. First, with one hand, the examinee grabs the chin of the dummy of the human body of the robot simulator, and with the other hand clamps the wings 13 (Figure 1) of the nose simulator. Pressing the wings of the nose 13 (Figure 1) of the simulator corresponds to the clamping of the nasal openings to the real victim, while in the simulator of the oropharynx 23 (Figure 3) the output of the nozzle of the simulator of the oropharynx 27 (Figure 6) is blocked and the sensor for clamping the nasal openings 33 is turned on ( 6). Next, the examinee throws back the head of the dummy of the human body 2 (6) of the robot simulator. When it is thrown back at an angle of at least 15 °, the tongue simulator 30 (FIG. 6), under the influence of gravity, leaves the edge of the outlet 26 (FIG. 6), which is a saddle, thereby starting the operation of the spatial position sensor of the tongue simulator 35 (FIG. 2) ) and opening the outlet of the simulator of the oropharynx 26 (Fig.6). After that, the examiner should take a deep breath (having collected the maximum possible amount of air into his lungs), bend down and press his lips tightly against the mouth line of the mouth simulator 10 (Figure 2) of the robot simulator and exhale air from his lungs into the mouth opening of the mouth simulator 11 (Fig.6). As a result of the movement of the air flow, a sensor for forced air into the mouth opening 32 is activated (Figure 2), and the air flow will move in direction 39 (Figure 6) through the inlet of the simulator of the oropharynx 25 (Figure 6), the chamber of the simulator of the oropharynx 24, enveloping the duct 29 (FIG. 6), through the outlet of the oropharynx simulator 26 (FIG. 6), along the trachea simulator 20 (FIG. 1), and then through the inlet of the lung simulator 16 (FIG. 1) rushes into the working volume of the lung simulator 19 (FIG. 1). If the examinee exhaled into the mouth opening of the mouth simulator 11 (Fig. 6) with a sufficiently powerful force, then the air flow, entering the working volume of the lung simulator 19 (Figure 1), creates excessive pressure in it, since despite the presence of the simulator outlet lung 18 (FIG. 1), air is trapped and accumulates in the indicated working volume due to the fact that the inlet of the lung simulator 16 (FIG. 1) is larger in cross section than the similar size of the outlet of the lung simulator 18 (FIG. 1). As a result of the accumulation of forced air in the working volume of the lung simulator 19 (FIG. 1), an increase in pressure occurs in it and the elastic bag of the lung simulator 17 (FIG. 1) pushes the edges of the horseshoe-shaped plate of the chest simulator 14 (FIG. 1), i.e. . there is an imitation of the rise of the chest in the torso of the dummy of the human body 3 (Figure 1, Figure 7). In this case, the elastic bag of the lung simulator 17 (Figure 1) due to excess pressure in the working volume of the lung simulator 19 (Figure 1) has a direct mechanical effect on the chest lift sensor 41 (Figure 1), thereby generating a signal about this event.

As a result of the resuscitation action, the control system 45 (Fig. 9) almost simultaneously receives four signals from the sensors (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) 32 (a sensor forcing air into the mouth), 33 (a sensor for clamping the nasal openings of the nose simulator) , 35 (the sensor of the spatial position of the imitator of the tongue), and 41 (the sensor for raising the chest), which indicates the correctly completed test cycle of artificial lung ventilation.

After the examiner receives a positive result of resuscitation in the form of raising the chest, he proceeds to perform a cycle of indirect heart massage.

As part of the norm for performing an indirect heart massage, the examinee begins to rhythmically put pressure on the sternum, transmitting the mechanical pressure created by this to the horseshoe-shaped plate of the chest simulator 14 (Figure 1), and through it to the elastic bag of the lung simulator 17 (Figure 1), squeezing air from the working volume 19 (FIG. 1), one part of which is blown out through the outlet of the lung simulator 18 (FIG. 1) outward, and the second part of this air, passing the tracheal simulator 20 (FIG. 1) and the oropharynx simulator 23 (FIG. .1, Fig. 1) is output through the nozzle of the simulator of the oropharynx 27 (Figure 1, Figure 2) under the elastic sheath 1 (Figure 1).

However, before this, the second part of the air, coming under excessive pressure into contact with a part of the surface of the tongue simulator 30 (Figure 3) through the outlet of the lung simulator 18 (Figure 3), pushes a spherical tongue simulator 30 from its saddle (Figure 3), what is recorded by the spatial position sensor of the language simulator 35 (Figure 2).

In addition to the fixation by the said sensor, the movement of the air flow in the mouth opening of the mouth simulator 11 (FIG. 3) is additionally recorded by the forced air sensor in 32 (FIG. 2).

Thus, with each pressing of the sternum of the dummy of the human body, the tongue simulator 30 is displaced (Fig. 3-Fig. 6), which acts as a gravity-controlled valve, from its saddle formed by the edge of the outlet opening of the oropharynx simulator 26 (Fig. 3-Fig. .6), with a high degree of approximation to reality, reproducing the process of liberating the affected person from the pharyngeal space from the language "failed" in it. Accordingly, in the real conditions of resuscitation, the flow of air from the lungs through the upper respiratory tract into the nasal openings is completely ensured. In the proposed robot simulator as the nasal openings acts as a nozzle simulator of the oropharynx 27 (Fig.3-Fig.6). Air squeezed out of the working volume of the lung simulator 19 (FIG. 1) cannot exit through the mouth opening 11 (FIG. 2), because a check valve 31 is installed in it (FIG. 2). And so that the tongue simulator 30 (FIG. 3) displaced from its saddle, which is the edge of the outlet opening of the oropharynx simulator 26 (FIG. 3), it is necessary to quickly and with a force of at least 15 kg press the horseshoe-shaped plate of the chest simulator 14 (FIG. .one). In this case, each effort correctly applied by the examiner is recorded by three sensors, namely: the chest raising sensor 41 (Figure 1), the spatial position sensor of the tongue simulator 35 (Figure 2) and the sensor forcing air into the mouth 32 (Figure 2) ) The signals from these sensors are fed to the control system 45 (Fig.9), which analyzes the correctness of this resuscitation. Pressing the sternum of the dummy of the human body of the robot simulator with a force of less than 15 kg by the forced air sensor 32 (Figure 2) and the spatial position sensor of the language simulator 35 (Figure 2) are not fixed, since in this case there is no displacement of the language simulator 30 (Figure 3) from the inner edge of the outlet opening of the simulator of the oropharynx 26 (Figure 3) and air cannot enter into its chamber 24 (Figure 3), but is vented to the atmosphere through the outlet of the lung simulator 18 (Figure 1).

The correctness of the examiner performing indirect heart massage is assessed not only by the almost simultaneous operation of the chest lift sensor 41 (Fig. 1), the spatial position sensor of the tongue simulator 35 (Fig. 1) and the sensor forcing air into the mouth 32 (Fig. 1), but also by the frequency of their operation, i.e. by the time interval between clicks. Software in the inventive robot simulator, this time interval is set by an interval from 0.7 to 1.5 seconds.

The first successfully completed artificial lung ventilation cycle plus indirect heart massage (or indirect heart massage plus artificial lung ventilation) control system 45 (Fig. 9) marks the pupils of the eye simulator 9 with illumination (Fig. 1). Illumination of the pupils of the eyes of the robot simulator creates the effect of narrowed pupils inherent in the real victim who came to consciousness. The illumination of the pupils of the eye simulators 9 (FIG. 1) in the robot simulator indicates that the robot simulator is conditionally saying "is conscious."

Carrying out cardiopulmonary resuscitation is constantly associated with monitoring the results from the control system 45 (Fig. 9), while any of the above errors when performing a cycle of artificial ventilation of the lungs or indirect heart massage is clearly recorded by the control system 45 (Fig. 9), as a result why it turns off the backlight pupils imitators of the eyes 9 (Figure 1). The latter circumstance leads to an increase in the time that the examinee spends on the "revitalization" of the robot simulator. The next successfully completed artificial lung ventilation cycle plus indirect heart massage (or indirect heart massage plus artificial lung ventilation) is again accompanied by the resumption of illumination of the pupils of eye simulators 9 (Fig. 1), that is, the robot simulator is again “conscious”.

The control system 45 (Fig. 1) after 8-10 consecutive successful resuscitation cycles of artificial lung ventilation plus indirect heart massage (or vice versa) “revives” the simulator robot, which is manifested in the restoration of its “cardiac” activity, characterized in that the backlight pupils of eye simulators 9 (Fig. 1) is supplemented by the inclusion of a simulator of pulsation of the carotid artery 21 (Fig. 1) for about 60 seconds.

At the time of the specified “revival” of the robot simulator, the instructor fixes the time spent by the examiner to obtain a successful result. After about 60 seconds, the control system 45 (Figure 1) turns off the simulator of pulsation of the carotid artery 21 (Figure 1) and de-energizes the backlight of the eye simulators 9 (Figure 1), remaining in the "EXAM" mode.

It should be noted that in the "EXAM" mode during an indirect heart massage, no more than five facts of damage to the ribs are allowed. The control system 45 (Fig. 9) fixes each case of a broken ribs and issues a command to turn on the corresponding light indicator using the display unit 22 (Fig. 1), for example, a red spectrum, to highlight the area of a broken rib on the chest simulator, notifying the instructor and examinee. In real conditions, a crunch is clearly audible at the time of rib fracture. If the examinee by his erroneous actions allows the control system 45 (Fig. 9) to fix the “breakdown” of the sixth rib of the simulator robot, the system turns on the sixth indicator of the broken rib through the indicating unit 22 (Fig. 1) and triggers an audible alarm, almost while turning off the backlight of the pupils of the eye simulators 9 (Figure 1). Moreover, the control system 45 (Fig. 9) blocks all the programs and the sensors of the robot simulator (except for the operation mode selection button 44 (Fig. 9). The instructor, when the examiner achieves this kind of result, evaluates his actions as unsatisfactory.

The operation of the light and sound signaling of the indicating unit 22 (FIG. 1) is not interrupted until the moment (approximately equal to 1 second) the instructor or examiner presses the button for selecting the operating mode 44 (FIG. 9). After the signal from button 44 (Fig. 9), the control system 45 (Fig. 9) returns to the "EXAM" mode and expects the start of a new resuscitation cycle.

In the "EXAM" mode, instead of artificial ventilation of the lungs, it is allowed to perform "ventilationless" (manual) resuscitation in the form of indirect heart massage.

The rhythmic pressing on the sternum of the dummy of the human body of the robot simulator is carried out by the examinee for 3-6 minutes. As in the above cases of manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the examinee rhythmically applies a load in the sternum to model the human body. The results of this effect do not differ from the previous description of the results of the behavior of the robot simulator when performing mechanical effects on his chest simulator, therefore, their repeated description is not performed.

The difference between this procedure performed in the "EXAM" mode and the above procedure performed in the "EDUCATION" mode is that in the "EXAM" mode during manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation to obtain a positive assessment, the examiners are allowed no more than five frequent clicks on the sternum of the dummy of the human body, since each frequent pressing on the simulator of the chest is essentially qualified by the control system 45 (Figure 1) as a scrap rib. Therefore, the control system 45 (Fig. 9), in the notification order, gives the command to turn on the corresponding light indication by means of the indicating unit 22 (Fig. 1), for example, the red spectrum, to highlight the area of the broken rib. If the examiner "breaks" the sixth rib to the robot simulator, the control system 45 (Fig. 9) includes the sixth rib fracture indicator and an audible alarm, blocks all programs and the functioning of all sensors (except the mode selection button 44 (Fig. 9). The instructor negatively evaluates the results of such resuscitation of the examinee.

After approximately 200-300 successive presses in succession, the control system 45 (Fig. 9) imitates the "revival" of the robot simulator, for which it ensures that the carotid artery pulsation simulator 21 is turned on for about 60 seconds (Fig. 1) and the eye simulators are highlighted 9 (FIG. 1). After 60 seconds, the control system 45 (Fig. 9) disables the simulator of pulsation of the carotid artery 21 (Fig. 1) and de-energizes the illumination of the eye simulators 9 (Fig. 1), remaining within the "EXAM" mode.

EXAMPLE 3

The robot simulator is used in the "KOMA" mode (Figure 4). First, turn on the electrical power to the control unit 45 (Fig.9). With this inclusion, the control system 45 (Fig. 9) enters a state of automatic self-testing. The performance check of all sensors and actuators is indicated. In case of a positive outcome of the self-test, the robot simulator is ready for use. Its initial state is characterized by the fact that the illumination of the iris of the eye simulators 9 is not turned on (Figure 1) and the carotid pulse simulator 21 (Figure 1) is functioning. Translated into the language of description, the condition of the real victim means loss of consciousness, but the heart of the victim continues to contract.

In the "KOMA" mode, skills are acquired to provide assistance to victims in an unconscious state.

In the "KOMA" mode, the use of a robot simulator is as follows. It is possible to switch from the EXAM mode to the COMA mode, for which it is necessary to press the button for selecting the operating mode 44 (Fig. 9) and hold it in this position, for example, for at least 5 seconds. From this moment, the instructor starts the stopwatch and counts down the time spent by the lifeguard to perform resuscitation. Before resuscitation is performed in the "KOMA" mode, the rescuer must check whether the simulator of the pulsation of the carotid artery 21 (Figure 1) of the robot simulator (touching the body of the human body with the carotid artery). If the presence of pulsation is recorded by the rescuer, he proceeds to the next step in the implementation of resuscitation. To make a decision and perform resuscitation operations in the "KOMA" mode, the rescuer is given a software time interval of 20 to 30 seconds. If resuscitation is not started at the indicated time interval, the instructor evaluates the result of the rescuer’s inaction as failure. The control system 45 (Fig. 9) at the same time blocks all programs and the functioning of all sensors (except the operation mode selection button 44 (Fig. 9)), and then issues a command to turn on the audible alarm, notifying the rescuer and his instructor about the unsatisfactory result. A rescuer inaction error of more than 20-30 seconds is considered to be a fatal error and the robot simulator pretends to be “death”. At the same time, an audible alarm notifying of a negative result of rescue rescue operations in the “KOMA” mode is not interrupted until one of those present on the button for selecting the operating mode 44 is pressed briefly (about 1 second) (Fig. 9). After that, the control system 45 (Fig.9) returns to the state of the "COMA" mode and again expects the start of the next cycle of resuscitation.

Resuscitation in the “KOMA” mode is assessed as successful if the rescuer at the normatively established time for making a decision and its implementation was able to determine the presence of a “pulse” and turn the dummy body on a stomach. At the same time, the language simulator 30 (Figure 4), under the influence of gravity, is shifted from its saddle, which serves as the inner edge of the outlet opening of the simulator of the oropharynx 26 (Figure 4), imitating the nature of the movement of the victim’s real tongue in his oropharynx. The result of the displacement of the language simulator 30 (Figure 4) is, as in reality, the release of the pharynx, due to which air can freely enter through the upper respiratory tract into the lungs and be withdrawn. The offset of the language simulator 30 (FIG. 4) is detected by the spatial position sensor of the language simulator 35 (FIG. 2). If during the execution of these actions for the next 10-30 seconds, the robot simulator remains lying on the simulator of the abdomen, the control system 45 (Fig. 9) fixes the correctness of this resuscitation action and generates a command to turn on the illumination of the irises of the eye simulators 9 (Fig. 1) ) About 60 seconds after fixing success in acquiring this skill, the control system 45 (Fig. 9) turns off the backlight of the pupil of eye simulators 9 (Fig. 1) and stops the simulator of pulsation of the carotid artery 21 (Fig. 1), remaining in the "COMA" mode . If the language simulator 30 (Figure 4) is made of an opaque material, then optoelectronic pairs can be used as elements of the spatial position sensor 35 (Figure 2).

EXAMPLE 4

The claimed robot simulator is used in the "PAIN" mode. (Fig.7, Fig.8). When the power is turned on, the control system 45 (Fig. 9) enters a state of automatic self-testing. Having completed the self-test, the robot simulator is ready for use in the "PAIN" mode. If the robot simulator was already turned on and used in the "COMA" mode, then to switch from the "COMA" mode to the "PAIN" mode, press the mode selection button 44 (Fig. 9) and hold it in this position for at least a specified time for example 5 seconds. The initial state of the "PAIN" mode is characterized by the fact that the iris of the eye simulators 9 is turned on (Figure 1) (therefore, the pupils of the eye simulators 9 are narrowed, reporting the victim is in a state of consciousness), the carotid artery pulsation simulator 21 is turned on (Figure 1) (a "pulse" is heard), and the surface of the joint 36 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) is not deformed (i.e., the elastic shell 1 (Fig. 1) is not in a stressed state, which corresponds to the absence of mechanical stress on it) . This mode is intended to teach the rescuer the skills of careful and careful handling of the victim (involving the exclusion of strong pain in the victim, for example, when applying a bandage to an injured body and / or limb, or transporting it). In the "PAIN" mode, the robot simulator is used as follows. The lower limb 4 (Fig. 7 and Fig. 8) of the human body model of the robot simulator is made elastic, and like the rest of the body model of the human body, repeating the contours of the limbs of a real person, it is a hollow elastic chamber with a classic joint 36 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) with the torso of a dummy of the human body 3 (Fig. 7 and Fig. 8), also made essentially in the form of a hollow elastic chamber. The junction of the trunk 3 (Fig. 7 and Fig. 8) and lower limb 4 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) of the human body model is a single unit 36 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8). The joint 36 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) from the torso side of the dummy of the human body 3 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) is made in the form of a cylindrical hole of relatively large diameter with thickened edges. The lower limb of the dummy of the human body 4 (Fig. 1, Fig. 8) ends with a hollow knot of mushroom shape, but with a flat end surface (such as a "hat"), corresponding to the aforementioned cylindrical hole. The joint 36 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) is made with the possibility of mutual retention of the body 3 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) and the lower limb 4 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) by means of the edge of the said "cap". The elastic shell 1 (Figure 1) can be made with a thickness of 1 to 3 mm. The joint 36 (Fig. 1, Fig. 8) is provided with an opening 37 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm to ensure free air penetration into the elastic shell of the lower limb 4 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) model of the human body. The pressure sensor of the pain indication 38 (FIG. 1, FIG. 8) can, for example, be a membrane-type differential pressure sensor or a strain gauge, mounted on a flat surface (“hat”) of the joint 36 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8 ) When you click on the lower limb 4 (Fig.7, Fig.8), it deforms and, as a result, a change in its internal volume. In particular, the indicated volume can either increase or decrease depending on the point of application of mechanical force. As a result of this mechanical effect, the air pressure inside the volume of the lower limb 4 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) of the model of the human body will change for a while, that is, it will be more or less than the current pressure of the atmosphere, which in turn leads to deformation of the flat surface of the joint 36 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) ("caps"), it, like a membrane, will change its curvature and become deflected (dashed line in Fig. 8). This deflection, due to the appearance of an air pressure drop under the influence of a mechanical load on the elastic shell 1 (Figure 1) in the compartments formed by the elastic shell 1 (Figure 1), which means the internal volume of the body and the internal volume of the limbs of the dummy of the human body, can be relatively easily fixed, for example, by a strain gauge. The membrane-like surface ("cap") of the joint 36 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) is in a deflection state until the air pressure in the adjacent compartment of the body model (for example, in the lower limb 4 (Fig. 7 and Fig. 8) is not equal to atmospheric air pressure.The process of equalizing the air pressure outside and inside the elastic shell 1 (Fig. 1) is provided by the hole 37 (Fig. 1, Fig. 8), through which air will or will be blown out of the internal volume, for example , lower limb, or absorbed into this internal volume. In the similar embodiment, the differential pressure of air in the volume of the elastic shell 1 (Fig. 1) of the body 3 can be mounted in the joint assembly 36 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8). (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) a dummy of the human body and lower limb 4 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) will take over the elastic membrane of the pressure sensor 38 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8), which can be performed in several times smaller than the thickness of the elastic shell 1 (Figure 1), and possess, for the indicated reason, greater sensitivity than a sensor based on materials ial elastic shell 1 (Figure 1). Information from the pressure sensor of the means for indicating pain 38 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) enters the control system 45 (Fig. 9). If during dressing or during transportation the level of mechanical impact in the form of pressing the lower limb 4 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) or on the body 3 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) of the body model of a person exceeds some predetermined level, then the control system 45 (Fig. 9) will turn on an audible signal (for example, in the form of the words "painful"), which lasts until the pressure in the chamber (one of the limbs or the body) is equal to atmospheric air pressure. In this case, the external impact will not yet be removed. As soon as the external influence is eliminated, then under the action of elastic forces, the camera, for example, the lower limb 4 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8), will begin to return to its original shape. The specified return of the chamber to its original shape (in the unstressed state of the chamber formed by the internal volume, for example, lower limb 4 (Fig.7, Fig.8)), leads to the appearance of a rarefied state of air inside it, which causes the appearance of a deflection of the flat surface of the joint (" hats ") towards the chamber with less air pressure in it. The pressure sensor of the pain indicator 38 (Fig. 7, Fig. 9) transmits information about the appearance of a deflection to the control system 45 (Fig. 9), while the control system 45 (Fig. 9) includes an audible signal that lasts as long as the pressure air in paired chambers is not equal to atmospheric air pressure. Thus, the pressure sensor of the pain indication means 38 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) reacts as if an external action were exerted on the elastic sheath 1 (Fig. 1) of the trunk 3 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) or an associated limb ( in particular, the lower limb 4 (Fig.7, Fig.8)) imitating the human body, and the removal of the indicated mechanical impact. This allows you to clearly fix the error of the rescuer, which improves the quality of training and is an approximation to a real situation in which excessive mechanical impact on the injured person causes him to feel pain. With five mistakes made, i.e. with ten operations of the pressure sensor of the means for indicating pain 38 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8), the control system 45 (Fig. 9) turns off the eye simulators 9 (Fig. 1) and the carotid artery pulsation simulator 21 (Fig. 1). The robot simulator remains in the "PAIN" mode, but no longer takes any resuscitation actions.

To return the robot simulator to its original state, you must press the button for selecting the operating mode 44 (Fig. 9) and hold it pressed for about one second, as a result of which the control system 45 (Fig. 9) will turn on eye simulators 9 (Fig. 1) ) and a simulator of pulsation of the carotid artery 21 (Figure 1) and will wait for the start of resuscitation in the "PAIN" mode.

For the manufacture and operation of the proposed robot simulator does not require the use of technologies, materials, components and components, the creation and application of which is associated with works that are in the nature of creativity or scientific research.

The above allows us to conclude that the proposed object meets the criteria of the invention "industrial applicability".

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. RF patent No. 2176822, IPC ⁷ G 09 B 23/28 "Simulator for teaching methods of helping a person in emergency conditions", published on December 10, 2001, applicant: Lutayenko V.F.

2. RF patent №2134913, IPC ⁶ G 09 B 23/28 "Robot simulator", published on 08/20/1999, the authors-applicants: Twin V.M. and Martintsev P.P.

3. RF patent №2144218, IPC ⁷ G 09 B 23/28 "Simulator for practicing first aid skills", published on 10.01.2000, the applicant: Bubnov V.G.

Claims (5)

1. A robot simulator containing an elastic shell in the form of a model of the human body, a composite skeleton, means of fixing the skeleton with an elastic shell, eye simulators made with the possibility of visualizing the pupil reaction, a mouth simulator equipped with a lip line and a mouth opening, a nose simulator equipped with wings nose, a chest simulator formed by a profiled plate, a lung simulator, made in the form of an elastic bag equipped with an inlet, and mounted inside the chest simulator, a trachea simulator, made one in the form of a flexible tube, one end of which is connected to the inlet of the lung simulator, a carotid artery pulsation simulator equipped with an electromagnetic actuator, an indication unit, a control device with a power supply, a non-return valve, and an impact sensor, characterized in that it additionally introduced a simulator of the oropharynx, ligament simulator, language simulator, a sensor for clamping the openings of the nose simulator, a sensor for forcing air into the mouth opening of the mouth simulator, a spatial position sensor, and a tongue imitator and a pain indication means, wherein the tongue simulator is made in the form of a sphere, the oropharynx simulator is made in the form of a chamber containing an inlet made in the upper end part of the chamber and connected to the mouth simulator through a check valve, an outlet made in the bottom end part of the chamber and a nozzle made in the central region of the chamber wall in the form of a hole connected to the second end of the tracheal simulator, an air shaper made in the form of an air duct, rigidly one of its ends fastened to the inner surface of the wall in the area adjacent to the inlet, and the second end positioned at the nozzle symmetrically to its opening, the nozzle valve mounted on the outside of the camera with the possibility of interaction with the sensor clamping the holes of the nose simulator, while as a means of fixing the frame with elastic sheath used a simulator of ligaments, made in the form of textile Velcro type "burdock", mounted on facing each other the surfaces of the frame and elastic shell, and the simulator is easy they are equipped with an outlet, and the means for indicating pain is made in the form of a pressure sensor installed inside one of the limbs of the dummy of the human body, while the indication unit is placed on the front wall of the chest simulator in the form of distributed sound and optical information sources. 2. The robot simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the profiled chest simulator plate in longitudinal section has a horseshoe-shaped appearance and is provided with an opening in the zone of greatest curvature. 3. The robot simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnetic actuator simulates the pulsation of the carotid artery made in the form of a vibrating electric motor. 4. The robot simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the simulator of pulsation of the carotid artery is placed in an elastic tube, which is attached from the inside of the elastic shell of the dummy of the human body in the zone of the carotid artery by means of a simulator of ligaments. 5. The robot simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame of the head of the dummy of the human body is made of plates profiled according to its shape, the first ends of which are pivotally connected to each other in the frontal-dark region of the head of the dummy of the human body, and the second ends of which interact in neck area with a spacer through the lock connection.

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