RU2124762C1 - Training equipment for teaching of methods of urgent traumatologic and resuscitation help - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: training equipment consists of man's molding which includes head unit with device protecting the taught persons against cross contamination, hollow trunk unit which houses simulator of chest respiratory motions, sensor of impact to heart region, videosimulator of external hemorrhage at pneumatothorax, and pickups of molding side and vertical positions. Training equipment also includes simulators of upper limbs with pulse simulators and pressure sensors, and external hemorrhage simulator, simulators of lower limbs with pulse simulators, with external hemorrhage simulator, with pressure sensors and ferreed contacts, anatomic display, videosimulators of external hemorrhages and bone fractures and training equipment control system, training equipment control panel, remote training electrodes, and electric defibrillation circuit. EFFECT: enhanced training efficiency. 18 cl, 21 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to medicine, namely to simulators for teaching urgent measures to assist people with traumatic injuries and emergency resuscitation when the cardiac activity and breathing suddenly stop as a result of severe injuries, industrial and domestic injuries, electric shocks, traffic accidents, water accidents, diseases and the like.

 No matter how perfect the ambulance in the present and in the future, it is late when it comes to severe traumatic injuries, external bleeding, sudden stopping of blood circulation and breathing. 3-5 minutes separate the reversible condition - clinical death - from irreversible lethal damage to the brain and other vital organs characteristic of biological death, so real help can only be expected from people at the scene and possessing basic skills in modern emergency trauma and resuscitation care .

 The task of great social importance is to educate the general public in simple but effective methods of maintaining life, with the help of which thousands and thousands of lives have been saved in the world. At the same time, training without practical training on special simulators is extremely ineffective and does not allow in emergency situations to timely and correctly perform emergency trauma and resuscitation techniques.

 Practice has confirmed that only training using special simulators becomes effective, as close as possible to real situations. It allows for a short time to develop a stable dynamic stereotype of motor resuscitation skills, theoretical and practical knowledge, the implementation of specific techniques necessary to save the life of a person in extreme conditions.

 So widely known is a simulator for teaching methods of artificial respiration and external heart massage by AMBY (brochure 1989, Denmark).

 This simulator contains a human model connected to a control device mounted directly on the model's torso and connected to a microcomputer with a raster display. The dummy is a torso with upper and lower extremities, with a model of the chest, while the head includes alternating rhinoceros masks and elastic bags that protect students from cross infection when practicing artificial respiration techniques. The dummy has a simulated forced pulse in the region of the carotid and radial arteries, a simulator of the xiphoid process, a sensor for the correct position of the hands and compression depth for heart compressions. On the specified simulator, the technique of blowing by mouth-to-mouth and mouth-to-nose methods is practiced with artificial respiration and compression with external cardiac massage. Imitation of filling the "lungs" and stomach with air is carried out using elastic containers installed in appropriate places inside the torso and connected by an air duct to the nasal cavity made in the head of the dummy. The simulator is a modern training device that provides control of mandatory resuscitation indicators, including circulation parameters using a hemoglobinometer and an oxygen meter; pressure force and volumes when inflating the lungs and stomach; compressive force, resuscitation arm position. The display allows you to observe fragments of classical positions when performing specific resuscitation techniques, and the dynamics and quality of execution directly by the students themselves.

 Using a microcomputer makes the learning process highly efficient and significantly expands the simulator's functionality with the help of control tests in the curriculum being implemented. At the same time, the disadvantages of this simulator include the fact that the design features of the dummy (made at a high artistic and anatomical level) do not allow the whole range of emergency measures to be performed. Thus, the lack of appropriate sensors and simulators in the upper and lower extremities does not allow implementing emergency trauma programs for external bleeding, pneumothorax, and fractures on the dummy. The simulator also does not allow a large audience to actively participate in the learning process, to observe functioning models of vital human organs: the brain, arterial blood flow, heart, lungs, respiratory tract, stomach, bone skeleton.

 The inability to observe the complex picture of internal organs, changing adequately with the actions on the dummy, also does not allow students to understand the pathophysiological picture of terminal conditions of a person, as well as maximize the simulated learning situation in traumatic bleeding and pneumothorax, penetrating wounds of the chest. In addition, the method of protecting students from cross-infection (despite their originality) does not exclude infection in the model when a removable elastic bag ruptures, and it also requires the simulator to be equipped with a significant number of replaceable rhinoceros masks and bags, as well as significant time costs to the detriment of the educational process replacement.

 A known simulator for teaching emergency resuscitation techniques (see US patent N 4850876 from July 25, 1989). The simulator contains a dummy of a person without upper and lower extremities, including: a head unit with a device for protecting students from cross infection; a neck block with a pulse simulator pivotally connected to a head block and a torso block consisting of a chest with an elastically deformed front panel, under which a stomach filling simulator is placed; a system for simulating and monitoring resuscitation conditions, according to the invention, the nasal cavity of the head block is made in the form of an interchangeable socket, the base of which is a face mask, and the internal cavity of the socket communicates with holes made in the area of the wings of the nose and the mouth opening, and the narrow part of the socket becomes hollow a cylinder through which the nasal cavity communicates with the atmosphere. The specified simulator is equipped with a system for simulating and monitoring resuscitation states, electrically connected to a dummy and containing a control unit for resuscitation states, a block of video simulators of the main vital internal organs of a person and a system of simulators of real revitalization of a person, including: an eye simulator, a pulse simulator on the carotid arteries, a simulator respiratory movements.

 In the simulator model: external heart massage sensors, a model head position registration sensor, a sternum fracture simulation sensor, multiple rib fracture simulation sensor, a xiphoid process fracture simulation sensor, a stomach decompression sensor, a model position registration sensor. These design and functional features of the simulator allow you to implement such emergency resuscitation techniques as external cardiac massage, artificial ventilation of the lungs, removal of air from the stomach, while monitoring the actions of the student to adequately changing internal organs and video imitators of erroneous actions on the display.

 Distinctive features of this simulator is that it guarantees a system of protection for students from cross-infection and there is a connection of automatic “revival” during successful actions within a given control time.

 At the same time, the simulator, due to the lack of lower and upper extremities in the dummy with the corresponding sensors and simulators, as well as the feedback system of these sensors with the corresponding video simulators of the internal organs on the display, does not allow implementing an emergency trauma program on it.

 Also known is a "mannequin simulator for teaching methods of revitalizing a person" (see document W 087/03407 A1, 04.06.87).

 The specified simulator dummy contains a man’s dummy with upper and lower extremities, which are connected by a remote control, an automation unit and sensors installed on the dummy, characterized in that a display panel with a picture of a person with a bone skeleton and an arterial bed and devices for demonstrations of fractures, bleeding and pneumothorax, a device for demonstrating the eye, as well as imitators of the movable lower jaw installed in the model, a bacterial filter, photodiodes located in the pupils of the eyes and associated with a lamp incandescent regulator, hinges to simulate the shoulder, elbow, hip and knee joints, devices for demonstrating pneumothorax and bleeding, control sensors and microswitches located in the places where the tires are applied, the display is connected to the remote control and control sensors and devices installed on the model to demonstrate pneumothorax and bleeding.

 Simulation of the movements of the chest and abdomen on the model with hidden and forced ventilation on the specified training mannequin is carried out using elastic tanks and an air pump.

 The specified simulator dummy contains the largest number of features similar to the proposed simulator, and we have adopted as a prototype. It allows you to teach how to methods of artificial ventilation and external massage, as well as methods of trauma care. At the same time, imitation of respiratory movements on the simulator mannequin is carried out using elastic containers filled with blown air, which does not exclude the formation of foci of infection in the dummy and does not guarantee the protection of students from cross infection when learning artificial respiration.

 The design of the lower jaw and the lack of pressure sensors of the lower jaw does not allow simulating the opening of the mouth when the head of the dummy is thrown back and the jaw is pulled out and thereby fully master the methods of releasing the upper respiratory tract. The lack of video imitation of the damaged cervical spine makes the emergency program incomplete during a fall from a height, traffic accidents, etc.

 The design of the remote control panel requires an electric cable with a large number of wires or the use of an encoding device, which reduces reliability and complicates the operation of the training simulator. The effect of training is also reduced by the fact that the demonstration of the pathology of the internal organs is not carried out fully on the anatomical display, since some of the video imitators (the upper respiratory tract, filled with water, clogged with a foreign body or tongue) are installed in a separate panel. And the anatomical picture of the body of the victim is divided into separate fragments, violating the integrity of the physiological perception. The design features of the simulator dummy also do not allow teaching the methods of cardiographic diagnosis and restoration of cardiac activity through mechanical and electrical defibrillation.

 These shortcomings reduce the effectiveness of training, do not allow the full implementation of training programs for emergency trauma and resuscitation care.

 The aim of the present invention is to provide a safe simulator that allows in practice, in conditions as close to real as possible, to teach all categories of the population, from the age of twelve, modern methods of emergency trauma and resuscitation care.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the simulator for teaching emergency trauma and resuscitation techniques contains: a human model (man, height 164 cm, chest volume 96 cm), which includes a head block with a movable lower jaw and a device for protecting students from cross infection, with a simulator of obstruction of the respiratory tract and eye simulators, with an artificial respiration sensor, with a mouth open sensor and pressure sensors; neck block with a pulse simulator pivotally connected to the head block; a body block with a simulator of respiratory movements of the chest with sensors for applying a pressure bandage and immobilization tires, sensors for electric defibrillation and shock in the region of the heart, with simulators of inflation of the stomach and a model of buckle of the waist belt, articulated to the neck block; upper limbs, mobile in the elbow joints, articulated with the body block and containing pulse simulators and pressure sensors; lower limbs, movable in the knee joints, articulated to the body block and containing pulse simulators and pressure sensors; anatomical display with video simulators of human internal organs; simulator control system connected to the dummy and anatomical display; a simulator control panel connected to a simulator control system and a training electric defibrillator with external electrodes, connected to a simulator control system and quickly interacting with a human model; a system for simulating the extension of the lower jaw, a sensor for the position of the torso of the dummy vertically and on the side, a video simulator of the damaged cervical spine, a video simulator of electrocardiographic curves.

 In order to adequately efficiently register injected air into the nasal cavity of the dummy during artificial ventilation and blockage of the air passage during mechanical asphyxiation, the artificial respiration sensor is combined with a simulator of airway obstruction.

 In order to maximize the copying of the anatomical and functional features of a person, the movable lower jaw and the opening mouth of the dummy are made of solid material in two mutually conjugated hemispheres.

 In order to effectively visualize the state of the artificial respiration sensor and increase reliability, it contains a tube made of a transparent material and infrared elements.

 In order to increase the reliability of the simulator of obstruction of the airways and adjust the resistance of the airways to the blown air, it contains a sleeve with a calibrated hole.

 For the purpose of effective training in triple reception of airway release (according to P. Safar, USA), the simulator contains a system for simulating the extension of the lower jaw, including: a simulator of the extension of the lower jaw, a mouth opening sensor and pressure sensors on the lower jaw connected to the control system of the simulator.

 In order to increase the effectiveness of teaching the patient how to diagnose the victim with visible excursions of the chest and to effectively control the position of the student’s hands during external cardiac massage, a rigid panel simulating the front surface of the chest lies freely on the support panel mounted on the surface of the chest simulator of respiratory movements of the chest, and microswitches are installed on four sides in the specified housing at the level of the lower edges of the support panel.

 In order to increase the efficiency of simulating the respiratory movements of the front surface of the chest, the respiratory movement simulator contains a permanent magnet freely located under the panel simulating the front surface of the chest and operatively interacting with the electromagnetic field of the coil installed in the housing of the respiratory simulator.

 In order to effectively teach how to remove foreign bodies from the upper respiratory tract, a torso registration sensor is installed in the dummy in a vertical position.

 In order to localize the cause of damage to the abdominal organs during external heart massage, a light indicator is installed in the belt buckle model.

 In order to unify and increase the learning effect due to additional programs, the simulator contains a control system located in a separate building and containing a logical device and a control device for simulators.

 In order to increase reliability and informativeness when choosing programs, the simulator control panel is installed inside the anatomical display directly behind its screen and contains magnetically controlled contacts that operatively interact with the external permanent magnet, and light indicators are installed in it.

 In order to increase the effectiveness of training, an anatomical display additionally contains a video simulator of damage to the cervical spine and a video simulator of ECG curves (electrocardiograms).

 In order to improve the ergonomic characteristics of the simulator, a training electric defibrillator circuit is installed in the simulator control system housing, and the external electrodes of the educational defibrillator are located on the upper cover of the simulator control system, and permanent magnets are installed in them that operatively interact with magnetically controlled contacts installed in the model.

 In order to effectively teach pulse diagnostic techniques, pulse simulators are additionally installed on the femoral arteries and contain coils and permanent magnets freely placed above these coils and operatively interacting with the electromagnetic fields of these coils connected to the simulator control system.

 In order to increase the reliability of operation and improve the ergonomic characteristics of the simulator, the anatomical display is suspended on hollow racks installed in special grooves made in the body of the simulator control system, and inside the racks there are electric cables connecting the simulator control system with the anatomical display and the control panel.

In the future, the invention is illustrated by a description of specific methods for its implementation and principal drawings, on which:
FIG. 1 depicts a general view of the simulator;
FIG. 2 depicts a structural electrical block diagram of a simulator;
FIG. 3 depicts the construction of a device for protecting students from cross-infection with simulators of extension of the lower jaw;
FIG. 4 depicts a segmental section of a dummy head block and a neck block with elements installed in these blocks;
FIG. 5 depicts a segmental section of an eye simulator;
FIG. 6 shows a design of a pressure sensor;
FIG. 7 shows a design of a pulse simulator;
FIG. 8 depicts a segmental section of a torso block and the construction of elements installed therein;
FIG. 9 is a front view of a torso block with a head and neck block and explains the topography of sensors and simulators installed in the chest block;
FIG. 10 depicts a cross section of a torso block and a design of a simulator of respiratory movements of the chest;
FIG. 11 shows a construction of a shock sensor;
FIG. 12 shows the construction of the dummy position sensor vertically and on its side;
FIG. 13 shows a design of a belt buckle model;
FIG. 14 depicts a man’s dummy with the topography of simulators and sensors installed in it;
FIG. 15 depicts a construction of an external bleeding simulator with a bandage position sensor element;
FIG. 16 depicts the construction of an anatomical display;
FIG. 17 shows a construction of a control panel for a simulator;
FIG. 18 shows a construction of a control panel for a simulator;
FIG. 19 shows the construction of training and mobilization tires for the lower limb;
FIG. 20 depicts a training harness;
FIG. 21 is a circuit diagram of a training electric defibrillator and remote electrodes.

 The simulator for teaching emergency trauma and resuscitation techniques (hereinafter referred to as the "simulator") contains: a human model (Fig. 1), an anatomical display 2 and simulators 3 of high-voltage remote defibrillation electrodes connected to the simulator control system 4.

 The dummy of 1 person (male height 164 cm, breast volume 96 cm) is made in full size and carefully copies the external and functional anatomical features of a person, accessible to visual and tactile control.

 The dummy 1 is made of hollow articulated and easily dissected blocks: block 5 of the head, block 6 of the neck, block 7 of the trunk, upper limbs and lower limbs 9.

 The simulator control system 4 (Fig. 2) is installed in a separate housing and contains a logic device 10 and a simulator simulator control device 11, while one input of the logic device 10 is connected to the dummy 1, the other to the simulator control panel 12, and the output of the logical device 10 is connected to the simulator simulator control device 11, the outputs of which are connected to the video simulators 13 of the anatomical display 2, to the dummy 1 and to the electric defibrillation circuit 14, to the output of which simulators 3 of the high-voltage electrodes are connected in.

 The simulator power supply unit 15 is also located in the simulator control case 4, which is connected to the electric network using a cord 16 (Fig. 1).

 In block 5 (Fig. 3) of the dummy head there is an interchangeable device for protecting students from cross infection, which is structurally a two-part nasal cavity mask connected by a detachable tube with an opening in the back of the head block 5 (Fig. 4). The simulator is equipped with at least three of these interchangeable devices. Structurally, the specified tube is made of two hollow tubes 18, 19 connected to each other by means of a threaded connection. One tube 18, in turn, is rigidly connected to the nasolabial mask 17, and the other tube 19 is placed inside the hollow tube 20 mounted on the occipital part of the head unit 5, and communicates with the atmosphere. The specified tube 19 is made of a transparent material and a metal hollow cylinder 21 and a spring 22 are placed with the possibility of movement, and a sleeve 23 with a calibrated hole is installed in the place of the threaded connection of the tubes 18 and 19. An electric coil 24 is fixed at the free end of said hollow tube 20 so that it and the metal hollow cylinder 21 have a common transverse axis of symmetry when current flows through the coil. The spring 22 does not completely leave the cylinder from the zone of influence of the coil’s magnetic field. A through hole is made in the walls of the hollow tube 20 at the level of the spring 22, in which they are mounted one against the other: infrared element 25 — emitting and infrared element 26 — receiving. These infrared elements are connected to the input of the logic device 10 (figure 2).

 The described design allowed the function of the artificial respiration sensor to be combined with the function of a simulator of obstruction of the upper respiratory tract. Thus, the artificial respiration sensor is formed by a metal hollow cylinder 21 (Fig. 4), a spring 22 installed inside a tube 19 made of a transparent material, and two infrared elements operatively interacting with each other, mounted one against the other in the walls of the hollow tube 19 and connected to the logical device 10 (figure 2), and the simulator of the respiratory tract is formed by a sleeve 23 (figure 4) with a calibrated hole, operatively interacting with a metal hollow cylinder 21, a spring 22 and an electric coil 24 connected to the device 11 (Fig. 2) control simulators simulator.

 The constructive combination of an artificial respiration sensor with a simulated airway obstruction minimized the number of parts and, thus, increased reliability. The transparent walls of the tube 19 (figure 4) allow you to almost instantly visually identify the causes of mechanical failure.

 By changing sleeves with a calibrated hole, you can quickly and with maximum reality simulate the resistance of the upper respiratory tract of the lungs to the blown air and simulate the degree of obstruction of the airways. The device for protecting students from cross-infection also includes a rhinoceros mask 17 (Fig. 3), rigidly connected by a tube 18. The nasal rhinoceros mask consists of two parts, one part simulates a movable lower jaw 27, the outer side of which imitates the lower lip and chin, and the inner made in the form of a concave hemisphere (not shown), in the central part of which is mounted a bracket 28, on the end part of which a permanent magnet 29 is fixed. An axis 30 is fixed in the lower part of the hemisphere, the ends of which protrude symmetrically about e side of the chin of the lower jaw 27, forming pins 31. Another part of the nasolabial mask models the nose with a hole 32 and the upper lip 33, under which there is a convex hemisphere 34, the curvature of which corresponds to the curvature of the concave hemisphere of the lower jaw 27 and in which a hole 35 imitating the mouth is made with tooth elements, communicating with the tube 18 of the detachable socket and the nasal cavity, thus forming a nasal cavity, communicating through the tubes 18 and 19 and an opening in the occipital region of the head block with the atmosphere. In addition, in said convex hemisphere 34, a second through rectangular hole 36 is made, located below the mouth opening 35, the width of which corresponds to the width of the bracket 28 mounted on the concave hemisphere of the lower jaw 27, while the convex hemisphere 34 is somewhat recessed inside the rhinoceros mask 17, on its surface On the border of the lower jaw 27, protrusions are formed and symmetrically arranged guide grooves 37 are made in them, the depth and width of which corresponds to the length and diameter of the pins 31 of the lower jaw 27. The lower jaw 27 mounted on the nasolabial mask 17 so that its concave hemisphere mates with the convex hemisphere 34 of the nasal masks 17 to slide along it, while the pins 31 of the lower jaw are placed in the guide grooves 37, and the bracket 28 of the concave hemisphere of the lower jaw 27 is installed in the through rectangular a hole 36 made in the convex hemisphere 34, and the degree of extension of the lower jaw 27 relative to the upper lip 33 is limited by a fixing cross-shaped metal plate 38 mounted on the walls of the through rectangular hole 36 and passing inside the bracket 28, a extension of the lower jaw is carried out using an electric coil 39 (Fig. 3, 4) installed on the panel 40 of the front part of the head unit 5 and the permanent magnet 29 mounted on the end part of the bracket 28 of the movable lower jaw 27, said permanent magnet 29 having a common axis of symmetry with the electric coil 39 and operatively interacts with the core 41 of the electric coil 39, with a locking cross-shaped metal plate 38 and a magnetic field of an electric coil 39 connected to the device 11 (figure 2) control simulators simulator. Thus, a simulator of the extension of the lower jaw is formed. The extension of the lower jaw, adequate to the operations on the dummy in accordance with the program algorithm, is provided by a system for simulating the extension of the lower jaw, which contains the specified simulator of the extension of the lower jaw, as well as the following sensors: pressure sensors on the lower jaw mounted on the ascending branches of the lower jaw near the ear shells in block 5 (figure 1) of the head of the dummy; a dummy head tipping sensor containing a permanent magnet 42 (Fig. 4) mounted on the outer surface in the upper part of the neck unit 6 and operatively interacting with a magnetically controlled contact 43 installed on the panel 40 of the front part of the dummy head unit 5 and connected to the logical device 10 ( figure 2); the model’s mouth opening sensor contains a permanent magnet 29 (Fig. 3, 4) mounted on the end of the bracket 28, operatively interacting with the magnetically controlled contact 44 installed on the front panel 40 and connected to the logic device 10 (Fig. 5). In block 5 (Fig. 3, 4) there are also installed eye imitators 45, an external temporal bleeding simulator 46 with a pressure sensor 47 and a sensor 48. The eye simulator 45 contains a body 49 (Fig. 5) in the form of a glass whose bottom is made of transparent material and has an external convex spherical surface. On the inner side of the bottom in the center of the spherical surface, a recess is made in which an opaque circle 50, imitating a narrow pupil, is placed. Inside the glass, one after the other, the following are installed: a flat, opaque disk 51 imitating an eye protein; a flat opaque disk 52 simulating an iris, and a flat disk 53 of translucent material simulating a wide pupil. These disks are pressed against the inner surface of the bottom by means of a cylinder 54, in which a illuminating element 55 is installed, connected to the device 11 (Fig. 2) for simulator simulator control. Simulator 46 (figure 4) of temporal hemorrhage contains a body (not shown) of opaque material mounted inside the head unit 5 in the temporal region.

 The side walls of the body are curved along the contour of the blood spot; the lid of the case is a red filter, under which a highlighting element is installed in the bottom of the case, connected to the device 11 (figure 2) for controlling simulator simulators.

 The sensor 47 (FIG. 4) of applying the pressure dressing contains a button 56 (FIG. 6) installed in a curly through hole made in the wall of the head block 5 in the temple area (FIG. 4), with the possibility of movement, while the button 56 (FIG. .6) is held in the figured hole by spring contacts 57, 58, which are fixed directly under the base of the button 56 and connected to the logic device 10 (Fig. 2).

 The sensor 48 (Fig. 4) pressing the temporal artery is made by analogy with the specified sensor 47 (Fig. 6) applying a pressure bandage and is installed in a through hole made in the wall of the head unit 5 in front of the ear tragus. The contacts of the sensor 48 (figure 4) are connected to the logical device 10 (figure 2).

 Block 6 (Fig. 4) of the neck is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, the outer surface of which corresponds in shape to the surface of the neck of a person. Holes are made in the front wall of the cylinder in the region of the carotid arteries and in the rear wall of the upper base, and the lower base is a concave hemisphere 59 in which a through rectangular hole 60 is made.

 In block 6 of the neck imitators 61 of the pulse are installed. Each of the pulse simulators 61 (Fig. 7) contains a housing 62, inside of which a coil 63 with a metal core 64 is installed, over which are located one with another with the ability to move: an elastically deformed gasket 65, a permanent magnet 66 and a button 67. The housing 62 is fixed to the inside the surface of the front wall of the cylinder of the neck block 6 in such a way that the upper part of the button 67 enters the through hole of the front wall of the cylinder of the neck block 6, made in the region of the carotid artery, while the specified coil 63 is connected to the device 11 (f D.2) simulator mimics the control. In the lower base of the neck block 6 (Fig. 4), another permanent magnet 68 is also mounted on the concave hemisphere 59.

 Block 7 (Fig. 8) of the body is hollow; its upper part ends with a convex hemisphere in which a hole is made. The curvature of the convex hemisphere corresponds to the curvature of the concave hemisphere 59 (figure 4) of the lower base of the cylinder of the neck block 6, with which it is mated with a spring-loaded bolt 69 with the possibility of sliding; the upper base of the neck cylinder 6 is freely placed in the head block 5, and the lower edge of the occipital part of the head block 5 is movably fixed to the rear side of the upper base of the cylinder of the neck block 6, and the chin area of the head block 5 can freely move along the upper surface of the cylinder block 6 neck.

 In the cavity of block 7 (Fig. 8) of the body, a chest block and a block of the abdomen are placed.

 The chest block has a middle rigid panel 70 connected by a hinge 71 to a common rigid panel 72. Interchangeable elastically deformed elements 73 are installed between the said panels 70 and 72 in the recesses made in the panels, which simulate the elasticity of the chest and abdomen.

 A simulated 74 respiratory movements of the chest is mounted on the rigid middle panel 70. The simulator 74 (Fig. 8) of the respiratory movements of the chest contains a square base 75 (Fig. 10), in which a through hole is made. A guide tube 76 is arranged to move in the upper part of the through hole. One end of the tube 76 located in the through hole has a flange whose outer diameter corresponds to the diameter of the through hole in the upper part and the other end of the tube 76 is rigidly connected to the inner surface of the rigid panel 77 , simulating the front surface of the human chest, while the specified rigid panel 77 freely lies on the support panel 78, in the center of which a hole is made, the diameter of which corresponds to the outer the diameter of the specified tube 76. The specified supporting panel 78 is rigidly connected to the surface of the housing 75 of the simulator of respiratory movements of the chest and holds the tube 76 in the through hole of the housing 75 when lifting the rigid panel 77 and placed directly under the flange of the tube 76 one below the other permanent magnet 79, elastically deformed a gasket 80, as well as an electric coil 81 with a core 82, operatively interacting with a permanent magnet 79, connected to the device 11 (figure 2) control simulators. An external cardiac massage sensor is also installed in the chest block, which contains a permanent magnet 83 (Fig. 8) mounted on the underside of the rigid panel 70 and a magnetically controlled contact 84 operatively interacting with it, mounted on the rigid panel 72 and connected to the logic device 10 (figure 2). A sensor 84 (Fig. 8) of an impact into the region of the heart is also installed in the chest block, and the sensor 85 (Fig. 11) contains a beaker 86 located in the case 75 of the simulator of respiratory movements of the chest. A spring 87 and a permanent magnet 88 operatively interacting with a magnetically controlled contact 89 installed in the wall of the glass 86 and connected to the logic device 10 are installed inside the cup 86 with the possibility of movement (Fig. 2).

 Elements of external electric defibrillation sensors are also installed in the chest block, which are permanent magnets: one permanent magnet 90 (Fig. 9) is installed on the inside of the panel 77 in the area below the right clavicle, another permanent magnet 91 is installed on the inside of the panel 77 under the apex of the heart.

 A simulator 92 (Fig. 9) of external bleeding during pneumothorax (penetrating wound of the chest) with a magnetically controlled contact 93 (an overlay occlusion pressure dressing sensor) is also installed in the chest block in the region of the apex of the right lung, while the simulator 92 is connected to the device 11 (Fig. .2) control of the simulators, and the magnetically controlled contact 93 to the logical device 10 (figure 2).

 In the chest block, sensors are also installed to register the incorrect position of the hands of the resuscitator during an external heart massage; a sensor 94 (Fig.9) the position of the hands on the handle of the sternum; hand position sensor 95 on the ribs on the right side; sensor 96 position of the hands on the ribs on the left side; a sensor 97 of the position of the hands in the xiphoid process. The sensor 94 (Fig. 8) contains a microswitch installed in the housing 75 of the base of the simulator of respiratory movements in the area of the sternum handle, it interacts quickly with the panel 77 that simulates the front surface of the chest, and is connected to the logical device 10 (Fig. 2). The sensors 95 and 96 (figure 10) are also installed in the housing 75 of the base in the region of the left and right ribs, quickly interact with the panel 77 and are connected to the logical device 10 (figure 2).

 The sensor 97 (Fig. 8) is installed in the housing 75 of the base in the region of the xiphoid process and is connected to the logic device 10 (Fig. 2).

 The upper part 98 of the block 7 (Fig. 8) of the body is made in the form of a convex hemisphere and mates with the concave hemisphere of the lower base of the neck block 6 using a spring-loaded bolt 69 (Fig. 4). In the upper convex part 98 of the block 7 of the body there are two magnetically controlled contacts (not shown) operatively interacting with a permanent magnet 68 (Fig. 3) installed in the neck block, and thus forming a sensor for turning the dummy head to the side, both magnetically controlled contacts are connected to the logical device 10 (figure 2). In addition, in block 7 (Fig. 8) of the torso, an impact sensor 99 in the interscapular region is installed on the inner side in the back region, which is made by analogy with the indicated shock sensor 85 (Fig. 11) in the region of the heart and is connected to the logical device 10 (Fig. . 2).

 The abdomen block contains a middle rigid panel 100 (Fig. 8) pivotally connected to the indicated common rigid panel 72. A coil 101 of a simulator of movements of the anterior abdominal wall is mounted on the middle rigid panel 100, over which, using a hinge 102, mounted on the said middle panel 100, a rigid panel 103 is installed that simulates the front surface of the human abdomen, while an elastic element 104 is installed under the panel 103 on the panel 100, with which the elasticity of the front wall of the human abdomen is simulated. The free end of the specified rigid panel 103, simulating the front surface of the abdomen, is placed under the rigid panel 77, simulating the front surface of the chest of a person with the possibility of sliding on it. The simulator of the movements of the front wall of the abdomen is formed by a permanent magnet 105 mounted on the inner surface of the panel 103 and operatively interacting with the specified coil 101, which is connected to the device 11 (figure 2) for controlling simulators of the simulator. In the block of the abdomen is also installed a sensor for compression of the abdomen, which contains a permanent magnet 106 (Fig. 8), mounted on the inner surface of the indicated panel 103 and operatively interacting with the magnetically controlled contact 107 mounted on the surface of the panel 100 and connected to the logical device 10 (Fig.2 )

 On the panel 103 (Fig. 8), simulating the front surface of the abdomen of the person, the belt buckle model 108 is installed on the outside, the model 108 (Fig. 13) contains a housing 109 in which a spring-loaded insert 110 is mounted with the possibility of movement, in the body of which is fixed permanent magnet 111.

 In the bottom of the housing 109, a light contact 13 is installed, operatively interacting with the specified permanent magnet 111, while the indicated light indicator 112 is connected to the device 11 (Fig. 2) for controlling simulators, and the specified magnetically controlled contact 113 is connected to the logical device 10 (Fig. 2) .

 To monitor the position of the dummy in the block 7 (Fig. 8) of the body mounted sensor 114 position of the dummy on the side and the sensor 115 of the position of the dummy vertically. These sensors contain a housing 116 (Fig. 12), in which a horseshoe-shaped groove 117 is made. A permanent magnet 118 is placed in the groove 117 with the possibility of movement, and magnetically controlled contacts 119 and 120 are installed at the ends of the groove 117 at the ends of the groove 117, which are operatively interacting with the specified permanent magnet 118 and connected to the logic device 10 (Fig. 2), while the sensor 114 (Fig. 8) of the position of the model on the side is mounted on a common rigid panel 72 perpendicular to the center line of the back, and the sensor 115 of the position of the model is vertically mounted in The centerline of the back is dummy.

 The upper limbs 8 (Fig. 14) of the dummy 1 contain articulated joints in the shoulder and elbow joints. In the area of the wrist joints, pulse simulators 121 and 122 are installed, the design of which is similar to pulse simulators 61 (Fig. 7) installed in the region of the carotid arteries and which are connected to the device 11 (Fig. 2) for controlling simulators of the simulator. In addition, on the right upper limb 8 (Fig. 14), imitation 1 in the places where the training improvised tires are applied and in the area of the elbow joint are installed: a permanent magnet 123 and magnetically controlled contacts 124, 125 connected to the logic device 10 (Fig. 2).

 On the upper ulnar limb 8 (Fig. 14), there are additionally installed: an external bleeding simulator 126 with a pressure sensor 127, a magnetically controlled contact 128 is placed above the simulator 126, and pressure sensors 129 and 130 are installed in the region of the wrist joint and armpit, similar in design to sensor 61 (Fig.7) the pressure indicated above, while these simulators and sensors are connected to the logical device 10 (Fig.2) and to the device 11 for controlling the simulators.

 The lower limbs 9 (Fig. 14) of the dummy contain articulated joints in the femoral and knee joints.

 On the right lower limb 9, on the side surface of the torso, magnetically controlled contacts 131, 132, 133 are connected to the logic device 10 (FIG. 2), and a pulse simulator 134 (FIG. 14) connected to the device 11 is installed in the inguinal region (FIG. .2) control of simulators. On the left lower limb 9 (Fig. 14), an external bleeding simulator 135 with a pressure sensor 136 and a magnetically controlled contact 137 mounted above the external bleeding simulator 135 are installed, and a pulse simulator 138 is installed in the inguinal region, while these simulators are connected to the device 11 ( figure 2) control simulators, and these sensors and magnetically controlled contact are connected to the logical device 10 (figure 2).

 The external bleeding simulators installed in the model contain a housing 139 (Fig. 15) made of opaque material, the circuit of this housing corresponds to the contour of the blood spot and is covered by a bright red light filter 140 from above, and an illuminating element 141 and a switching element 142 are installed inside the circuit. in the form of a magnetically controlled contact or pressure sensor of the above, while the specified highlighting element 141 is connected to the device 11 (figure 2) control simulators, and the switching element is connected to a logical mu device 10 (figure 2).

 The anatomical display 2 (Fig. 1) contains a housing 143 (Fig. 16), in which one after the other are installed: a rigid panel 144 on which the illuminating elements 145 are connected, connected to the device 11 (Fig. 2) for simulating control; embossed rigid panel 145 (Fig. 16), in the recessed part 146 of which holes 147 are made having a common axis of symmetry with the indicated illuminating elements 145; the entire recessed portion 146 of the panel 148 is covered by red and transparent color filters 148; an opaque thin panel 149, in which through holes 150 are made, the external contours of which correspond to the external contours: blood flow and hemispheres of the brain, part of the cervical vertebra, nasal cavity, trachea and abdomen, lungs, heart, stomach, liver, arterial bloodstream, blood spots external bleeding, local cracks in bone fractures; a panel 151 made of a transparent material on which images of 152 human skeleton are applied; a human contour 153 made of translucent material and a translucent screen 154 made, for example, of frosted glass.

 The simulator is equipped with a simulator control panel 155, which is installed in the anatomical display 2 and contains: a hard panel 156 (Fig. 17), on which magnetically controlled contacts 157 are connected, connected to the logic device 10 (Fig. 2), a digital indicator 158 (Fig. 17 , 18) control time, light indicators 159 connected to the device 11 (figure 2) control simulators simulator; a protective rigid panel 160 (Fig.17), in which through holes are made opposite the elements mounted on the panel 156, and which is located above the panel 156; on the indicated panel 160 (Fig. 17, 18) an opaque panel 161 is installed, on the surface of which there are printed 162 cryptograms of the functional programs of the simulator and in which through holes are made opposite the light indicators 159 and digital indicators 158, and through holes are cut in the lower part, repeating the shape of the curves 163 of the electrocardiogram, opposite the through holes in the panel 161 (Fig), and on the inner surface of this panel is fixed a body 164 of opaque material, divided into three compartments, in the rear wall of each the compartment has a through hole 165, the diameters of which are slightly larger than the diameter of the illuminating elements 166 (Fig. 16) installed on the panel 144 of the anatomical display and connected to the device 11 (Fig. 2) for controlling simulators of the simulator.

 The simulator is also equipped with training tires 167, 168 (Fig. 19) to immobilize the lower extremity of the dummy during a fracture or dislocation of the femur. The tire 167 is made of hard material and has a length from the armpit of the dummy to the heel of the lower limb, the tire 168 is also made of hard material and has the length of the crotch of the dummy to the heel, permanent magnets 169 are installed in these training buses, which interact with the magnetically controlled contacts 131 ( 14), 132 and 133. The tire surfaces on the side of the magnetically controlled contacts are closed by an elastically deformable strip 170 (for example, a strip of foam rubber). The simulator is also equipped with training tires for immobilization of the upper limb in case of fracture or dislocation of the humerus, these tires (not shown) are made by analogy with tires 167 (Fig. 19), 168 and they also have magnetic elements operatively interacting with magnetically controlled contacts 124 ( Fig. 14) and 125 mounted on the right upper limb of the dummy.

 The simulator is also equipped with a training rubber band 171 (Fig. 20) made of a magnetized rubber strip, which operatively interacts with magnetically controlled contacts 128 (Fig. 14) and 137 mounted on the left upper and left lower extremities of the dummy. The simulator contains an electric training defibrillator 172 (Fig.21), the main elements of which are placed in the housing of the system 4 (Fig.1) control the simulator. The electrical circuit of the training defibrillator 172 (Fig. 21) includes: an energy dose simulator containing resistors 173, 174, 175 and a capacitor 176, using the indicated resistors, the capacitor 176 is connected to a direct current source located in block 15 (Fig. 2) power supply, and with the help of these resistors, the choice of the dose of defibrillator energy is simulated, the threshold device 177 (Fig.21) with a resistor 178.

 To the output of the electric defibrillator 172 connected remote electrodes 3 (Fig.1, 21) training electric defibrillator. The following electrodes are installed in one electrode: energy dose control button 179, “discharge” button 180, energy dose indicator light 181 with resistor 182, power voltage indicator light 183 connected to threshold device 177 using resistor 184 located in defibrillator 172; in the other electrode, a "discharge" button 185 is connected, connected to the capacitor 176. Directly under the covers of the bases of the electrodes 3 are magnetically controlled contacts 186 and 187, connected in series with each other and connected to the logic device 10. These magnetically controlled contacts 186 and 187 are operatively interacting with permanent magnets 90 (Fig. 9) and 91 installed under the front panel 77 (Fig. 8) of the chest of the dummy.

 These remote training electrodes 3 (Fig. 1) are placed in special recesses made in the housing cover of the simulator control system 4 and are connected to the training defibrillator circuit using cords 188.

 A simulator 1 of the simulator is connected to the simulator control system 4 using an electric cable 189.

 The simulator is controlled by a permanent magnet 190, made in the form of a signet ring, worn on the finger of a student or instructor, who quickly interacts with magnetically controlled contacts 157 (Fig. 17) located in the control panel 155 directly under the anatomical display screen 154.

The proposed simulator allows you to teach:
- methods for diagnosing terminal conditions of a person according to the heart, brain, lungs, respiratory tract, stomach, mechanical damage to the skeletal frame, bones, upper and lower extremities based on changes in the model:
a) pulse on the femoral, radial and carotid arteries;
b) the geometric dimensions of the pupils of the eyes;
c) the provisions of the front surface of the chest;
g) the provisions of the front surface of the abdomen;
d) the color of the surface of the dummy in local places of mechanical damage that caused external arterial and venous bleeding;
display changes:
a) the state of video simulators of the heart, brain, lungs, upper respiratory tract, stomach, arterial blood flow, external bleeding, open pneumothorax, closed fractures of the extremities and damage to the cervical spine;
b) curves of ECG complexes, including:
sin-rhythm, fibrillation curve, isoline;
- techniques for restoring airway patency in a manner:
a) throwing the head;
b) triple intake in the respiratory tract (P. Safar);
c) shock during obstruction by a foreign body;
g) compressions during obstruction with a liquid;
- receiving adequate pulmonary ventilation by exhaled air by the method of "mouth to mouth", "mouth to nose", "mouth to adapter";
- reception of artificial ventilation and oxygenation of the lungs using special devices and a nasal mask;
- reception of cardiopulmonary by external cardiac massage;
- receiving a punch into the chest in the region of the heart when stopping cardiac arrest and restoring sinus rhythm;
- receiving electrical defibrillation in case of fatal heart rhythm disturbances;
- the reception of the limitation of a large circle of blood circulation by lifting the legs;
- methods of stopping external arterial and venous bleeding;
- receiving immobilization of closed fractures;
- receiving an overlay of an occlusive dressing with open pneumothorax as a result of penetrating wounds of the chest;
- reception of performing SLMR in case of damage to the cervical spine.

The following training programs and routines are implemented on the simulator:
- Cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (SLMR).

 - SLMR with complete obstruction of the upper respiratory tract by the root of the tongue and soft tissues.

 - SLMR with complete obstruction of the upper respiratory tract by a foreign body.

 - SLMR with complete airway obstruction with fluid.

 - Open pneumothorax.

 - External bleeding in the temporal region.

 - External bleeding in the forearm.

 - External bleeding in the thigh.

 - Closed fracture or dislocation of bones in the wrist.

 - Closed fracture or dislocation of the femur.

These programs may be supplemented by routines, including:
- Recovery of cardiac activity by a blow to the chest in the heart.

 - Ventricular fibrillation of the heart.

 - Cardiac activity.

 - Breath.

 - Injury to the cervical spine.

Work with the simulator
A special blanket is spread on the floor and a dummy 1 (Fig. 1) of a person is laid on it (the dummy can also be located in a sitting position). A simulator control system 4 is installed nearby. Racks are inserted into the grooves of the system 4 enclosure, on which the anatomical display is suspended. Using cables (not shown) located inside the racks and connectors, the anatomical display 2 is connected to the simulator control system 4, and the dummy 1 is connected to the indicated system using a cable 189. The simulator is ready for operation.

 Protecting students from cross-contamination. The elements of the dummy, with which the mouth, the air being blown in and the hands of the students repeatedly come in contact, are interchangeable rhinotrophic nodes, therefore, thorough antiseptic treatment of these protection devices should be performed after each student. The simulator is equipped with three such devices: two are constantly being processed, and one is installed in the model. An antiseptic processing device (not shown) contains two special trays, one disinfects a solution, and the other contains running water. The disinfectant should: not damage plastic products, be safe for people and quickly kill all pathogens at room temperature for 10-15 minutes. Two devices are immersed simultaneously in the decontamination solution, after 10-15 minutes one device is removed from the decontamination solution and placed in a stream with running water, and then, after a stream of air, it is inserted into block 5 (Fig. 1) of the dummy head. When a student changes, the used device is replaced with the processed one. In addition, as it becomes soiled, it is necessary to carry out a general toilet of dummy, as well as other elements of the simulator, including the electrodes of the training electric defibrillator, wiping them with a soap solution of room temperature, preventing moisture from entering these devices.

 The inclusion of the simulator in the network 220 V, 50 Hz. The simulator is connected to the network using the power cord 16 (figure 1). When connected to the power supply panel, a light indication of the supply voltages appears: 220 V, 24 V, 24 V ± 12 V, at the same time, the control time countdown is set on the digital indicator 158 of display 2.

Selection of programs and routines
To select any program and subroutine, you need to use the magnetic key 190 (Fig. 17) to touch (hereinafter “process”) the corresponding symbol 162 of the remote control 155 (Fig. 1) of the simulator control, and an audible signal lasting 0.5 sec. Initially, the simulator is set to standby mode, for this the symbol "readiness" is processed. The corresponding switching element 157 (Fig. 17) of the remote control 155 (Fig. 17) will work, the signal from which will go to the input of the logical device 10 (Fig. 2). In the logical device 10, the standby mode is set and a signal is generated for the simulator control device 11, as a result, the information of the previous program and the existing interference are removed from the display screen 2 (Fig. 1). A specific program is selected by processing the symbol of this program and additionally by processing the symbols of the subprograms in the case of the introduction of individual characteristic signs of terminal states into the program. The corresponding switching elements 157 (Fig. 13) of the processed symbols will work and in the logic device 10 (Fig. 17), signals will be generated that simulate the “revitalization” mode for a period of fifteen seconds on the simulator. These signals will be input to the device 11 (Fig. 2) for controlling simulators, under the influence of which current pulses with a rhythm of 15 times per minute and 60 times per minute are generated, which are fed to the windings of the electric coil 81 (Fig. 10) of the chest breathing simulator and coils 63 (Fig. 7) of the pulse simulators 61, 121, 122, 134, 138 (Fig. 14), as well as on the illuminating elements 55 of the eyes and the illuminating elements 47 (Fig. 16) of the internal organs video simulators installed in the display. As a result, on dummy 1 (Fig. 1) and display 2, you can visually observe and tactilely determine: spontaneous pulse tremors in the carotid, femoral and radial arteries; spontaneous breathing (raising and lowering the chest); narrow pupils of the eyes; contracting heart, pulsating arterial and cerebral blood flow. In this case, the display 2 will be an image of the free (not clogged) airways regardless of the position of the head of the dummy.

 In the specified mode of "revitalization" the simulator is within fifteen seconds. This time is enough for the student to be able to diagnose the state of the "living" organism on the dummy and display.

 After fifteen seconds, the logical device 10 (Fig. 2) will generate signals that will be input to the device 11 control simulators and put it in the mode of simulating pathological signs characteristic of the selected program and subprogram.

 The signals from the device 11 (Fig. 2) for controlling the simulators will be sent to the simulators installed in model 2. The buzzer will sound at the same time, the program will start counting the program time and the ghosts of the terminal state typical for the selected program and subprogram will appear on the simulator. From this moment, all actions of the student are limited by the control time of the program. The student diagnoses the dummy 1 (Fig. 1), observes the picture of the internal organs on the screen of the display 2 and proceeds to conduct appropriate emergency techniques.

 Consider the work of the specific proposed nodes and functional systems of the simulator in the programs where they are involved.

 For example, in the mode of cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (SLMR), work on the simulator is as follows.

 The student processes the characters "Readiness" and "SLMR". After a fifteen-second “revitalization”, a buzzer sounds and the program starts to count down. With the start of the reference time (equal to 90 seconds), the simulator "clinical death" is simulated. On model 1 (Fig. 1), a spontaneous pulse (pulse tremors on the carotid, femoral and radial arteries), spontaneous breathing (excursions of the anterior wall of the chest stop), the pupils of the eyes expand. At the same time, the display of screen 2 shows a relaxed heart (diastole), sleeping lungs and upper respiratory tract, blocked by a sunken root of the tongue. Observing on the display screen and on the dummy palpating these signs, the students diagnose clinical death and immediately begin resuscitation. It occupies a position on the side of the dummy 1 and, putting one hand on the forehead of block 5 of the dummy head, and the other under the neck block 6, throws back its head. The head tilt sensor 36 will work (since the magnetically controlled contact 43 (Fig. 4) will shift to the area of the permanent magnet 42).

 The signal of the magnetically controlled contact 43 will be received at the input of the logic device 10 (Fig. 2), in which a signal is generated that enters the simulator simulator control device 10. Under the influence of this signal, the corresponding illuminating elements 147 (Fig. 16) mounted on the rear rigid panel 144 of the anatomical display will turn on, and the upper respiratory tract will be released on the screen 154 and the image of the sunken root of the tongue will disappear. At the same time, a current of the corresponding polarity will appear in the circuit of the electric coil 39 (Figs. 3, 4) of the lower jaw extension simulator, a pulse of an electromagnetic field of the same polarity with a permanent magnet 29 will appear in the core 41, as a result, the permanent magnet will repulse from the core 41 and it together with the bracket 28 and the lower jaw 27 will move forward. The end part of the bracket 28 will abut against the metal plate 38 and with the help of a permanent magnet 29 will be fixed in this position. As a result, the lip of the lower jaw extends forward relative to the upper lip 33 and the opening 35 of the mouth slightly opens. The student takes a deep breath and, tightly pressing his lips to the lips of the dummy 1 (Fig. 1), blows air with force, preventing leakage of injected air through the nose, pinching hole 32 with his fingers. Injected air fills the nasal cavity under positive pressure, enters the tube 18 ( 4) and through a calibrated hole of the sleeve 23 into the tube 19. Under pressure of the air, the metal hollow cylinder 21, overcoming the resistance of the spring 22, moves and interrupts the infrared beam between the infrared elements 25 and 26, thus triggering the date IR of artificial respiration, the signal from the infrared element 26 is fed to the input of the logic device 10 (Fig. 2), in which a signal is generated that enters the control device of the simulators 11. The device 11 of the control simulators will turn on the power supply circuit of the coil 81 (Fig. 10) of the simulator 74 ( Fig. 8) of the respiratory movements of the chest of the dummy and the corresponding illuminating elements installed in the video simulator of the lungs, and also will start the device for counting the control time.

 As a result, the student will see the rise of the front rigid panel 77 adequate to the ventilation excursion on dummy 1 (Fig. 1), and on the screen of the anatomical display 2 the image of normally expanding lungs and the countdown of the program control time on the digital indicator 158.

 Then the student unfastens the buckle of the waist belt, moves the insert 111 (Fig. 13) of the buckle model 108 to the right to the stop. The sensor will work, the signal from which will go to the logical device 10 (Fig. 2), where the signals of "prohibition" of damage to internal organs are recorded, and in the device 11 for controlling the simulators, the power supply circuit of the indicator 112 (Fig. 13) installed in the model 108 (Fig. .1) belt buckles.

After injection of air into the model’s mouth, the student compresses the sternum, while the front rigid panel 77 (Fig. 8) and the middle rigid panel 70 in the chest area, overcoming the resistance of the elastically deformed elements 73, are displaced vertically downward and the external cardiac massage sensor will work, constant the magnet 83 will approach the magnetically controlled pin 84 and the number of signals equal to the number of pressures will go to the logic device 10 (figure 2). As a result, an image of an adequately contracting heart will appear on the screen of the anatomical display 2. As a result of these actions, from the dummy 1, a series of adequate ventilation and massage pulses are received into the simulator control and control system 4, which are processed in the logical device 10 (Fig. 2), while:
- control of the number of ventilation,
- control of the number of compressions,
- rhythm control of compressions and ventilation,
- control of the number of cycles, ventilation / compression (in the ratio of 2:10 and 1: 5).

 In the case of at least 4 cycles in the 2/10 mode or 10 cycles in the 1/5 mode during the control time of the program, the logical device 10 will generate signals simulating the simulator’s revival, which are fed to the input of the simulator control device 11, and after the control time expires the corresponding simulators of "revitalization" on the dummy 1 (figure 1) and display 2.

 Automatic revitalization of dummy 1 and adequate video imitation of the functioning internal organs of a person on display 2 are a criterion for the effectiveness of the actions of students during the control time of all programs without exception. One of the typical errors during artificial ventilation is the incomplete tilting of the head of the dummy, in this case the head tilt sensor will not work, and the signal from the artificial respiration sensor to the logic device, by analogy with the above, will supply power to the corresponding highlighting element 147 (Fig. 16 ) video simulator of the stomach and turn on the power of the simulator 78 (Fig. 5) of the movements of the anterior abdominal wall (voltage is applied to the coil 101 (Fig. 8)). As a result, an image of a swollen stomach will appear on the display screen 2 (Fig. 1), and on the model “swollen belly”, the student must promptly perform the method of removing air from the stomach, otherwise he will not be able to carry out artificial ventilation techniques.

 To remove air from the stomach, the student must turn the dummy 1 (Fig. 1) on its side, the sensor 114 will work (Fig. 8), the permanent magnet 118 (Fig. 12) will shift to one of the magnetically controlled contacts 119 or 120 (depending on which side the dummy is turned on), then the student, while holding the dummy on the side, presses on the front panel 103 (Fig. 8), the abdomen compression sensor works, the permanent magnet 106 approaches the magnetically controlled contact 107. The signals from these magnetically controlled contacts will go to the logic device 10 (FIG. 2). As a result, the image of the stomach filled with air will disappear from the display screen and the signal path from the artificial respiration sensor will be unlocked, and the student will be able to continue resuscitation measures.

 The design features of the rhinoceros mask of the dummy allow you to fully work out the triple method of releasing the upper respiratory tract.

 The simulator works in the regime of the SLMR program with complete obstruction of the upper respiratory tract by the root of the tongue and soft tissues. After a fifteen-second “revitalization”, the simulator is set to simulate clinical death and, in addition, the device 11 (Fig. 2) for controlling the simulators applies voltage to the electric coil 24 (Fig. 4) of the airway obstruction simulator. Under the influence of the electromagnetic field of the coil, the metal hollow cylinder 21 will shift and close the calibrated hole of the sleeve 19 with its end part.

 As a result, the entrance to the tube 19 will be blocked and the student will not be able to blow air without eliminating the cause of the blockage. For what one throwing back the head of a dummy, as in the previous program, will not be enough. It is necessary to additionally perform the reception of the extension of the lower jaw forward. The student throws back the dummy’s head, while the dummy’s mouth remains closed (since the coil of the mouth opening simulator remains de-energized), and the image of the upper respiratory tract blocked by the root of the tongue is stored on the display screen. If the student tries to open his mouth and blow air into it or, with his mouth closed, blow air through the nasal openings, then the air will not pass, and therefore, the artificial respiration sensor will not work, and the student will not see the chest wall rise on the dummy, and on the display screen the lungs will remain in a collapsed state. The student is convinced that to free the airways one throwing back the head is not enough and performs the technique of pushing the lower jaw forward. Why fingers of both hands captures the ascending branch of the lower jaw of block 5 (Fig. 1) of the dummy’s head near the auricles, where pressure sensors are installed, and presses with force.

 The design of the pressure sensors is shown in (Fig.6). When a force is applied in an appropriate place, the button 56 is flushed inward and closes the spring contacts 57, 58, the signal from which will go to the logic device 10 (Fig. 2), where a signal is generated for the device 11 control simulators.

 The device 11 control the simulators under the influence of the specified signal, by analogy with the above, will turn on the simulator of opening the mouth and turn off the electric coil of the simulator of obstruction of the airways. As a result, the lower jaw will move forward, the dummy's mouth will open slightly and the airways will be freed. The student can also perform the technique of extending the lower jaw in a unified way "finger for teeth". To do this, introduces the index finger between the cheek and teeth and, pressing on the lower jaw 27 (Fig. 3, 4), which, sliding along the convex hemisphere 34 of the nasal cavity mask 17, completely opens the opening 35 of the mouth. In this case, the pins 31 of the lower jaw will move from the upper points of the guide grooves 37 to the lower points, the permanent magnet 29 mounted on the bracket 28 of the lower jaw 27, in this case, will approach the magnetically controlled contact 43 of the mouth opening sensor and to the logical device 10 (Fig. 2) a signal will be received registering the reception of opening the mouth and releasing the upper respiratory tract.

 Thus, the proposed design of the rhinoceros mask allows you to fully practice the methods of releasing the respiratory tract and to develop signals that control the implementation of these techniques, entering the system 4 (figure 1) control the simulator.

 In the simulator program, when learning the methods of traumatological assistance and removing a foreign body from the respiratory tract, the dummy must be in a sitting or standing position, in the indicated positions of dummy 1 (Fig. 1), the sensor 115 (Fig. 8) of the dummy position is activated vertically and by analogy with the above signals are sent to the logical device 10 (figure 2).

 For example, in the SLMR program with a full obstruction of the upper respiratory tract by a foreign body, to free the upper respiratory tract from a foreign body, you need to put 1 (Fig. 1) to put or land and make several strokes in the interscapular region, the sensor 115 (Fig. 8) of the position of the dummy will work vertically, the shock sensor 99 will strike the interscapular region (upon impact, the permanent magnet 88 (Fig. 11) will shift to the side opposite to the shock, the magnetically controlled contact 89 will work). As a result of the arrival of signals to the logical device 10 (Fig. 2), which will generate the signals entering the device 13 for controlling video simulators, the image of a foreign body in the upper respiratory tract will disappear on the anatomical display screen, and the imitator coil of an obstruction of the upper respiratory tract will be de-energized on the model the student will be able to continue resuscitation.

 The simulator works in the regime of the SLMR program with complete obstruction of the upper respiratory tract and trauma to the cervical spine. The choice of the program is carried out by processing the symbol of the program and additionally the symbol "trauma of the cervical spine". After a fifteen-second “revival”, the simulator is set to simulate clinical death, and the device 11 (Fig. 2) for controlling the simulators will additionally turn on the corresponding elements 145 (Fig. 16) of the cervical spine video simulator mounted on the rear hard panel 144. As a result, the image is in the background intact cervical spine, performed on circuit 149, the image of injured cervical vertebrae will be displayed. The student, observing on the display screen 2 (Fig. 1) a picture of the injured cervical spine, should, during intensive care, make every effort to keep the head, neck and torso of model 1 at the same level, while tipping the head of the model should be moderate and no more than once during the control time of the program, and also the sensor of turning the dummy head to the side should not work. If these requirements are not met, a signal from the head rotation sensor and two or more signals from the head bow sensor will be received in the logic device 10 (Fig. 2), and a signal will be generated in the logic device 10, as a result of which the “revival” circuit will be blocked, the reference count will stop time of the program and the highlighting elements of the video simulator of the cervical spine will receive a pulsating voltage. The student will see a blinking image of the damaged cervical spine and the characteristic signs of clinical death on dummy 1 (figure 1) and the display screen 2.

 The simulator works in the mode of the SLMR program for ventricular fibrillation. The choice of the program is carried out by additional processing of the symbol "fibrillation". After a 15-second “revival”, the simulator imitates signs of clinical death, as well as signs of a fibrillating heart. In the logical device 10 (Fig.21), pulses will be generated for the device 11 control simulators. The simulator control device 11 will apply alternating current pulses with a rhythm of 480 times per minute to the corresponding illuminating elements 145 (Fig. 16) of the heart video simulator installed on the hard panel 144, turn on the power of the training electric defibrillator circuit and prepare the power circuit of the illuminating elements 166 installed in compartment 165 of the ECG curve video simulator. As a result, the student sees on the display screen 2 (Fig. 1) a fibrillating heart and a fibrillation curve and proceeds to conduct electrical defibrillation techniques. To do this, it is necessary to press the button 179 (Fig. 21) to control the dose of energy on the electrodes 3 (Fig. 1), while the capacitor 176 starts charging through the corresponding resistors. After 5-8 seconds, the capacitor 176 will be charged to the threshold of the comparator 177. The signal at the output of the comparator 177 will turn on the LED 183 "Defibrillator ready" and give a signal "logical zero" to the input of the logical device 10. Then the student picks up the electrodes 3 (Fig. 1 ) and imposes them on the surface of the chest, one below the right clavicle, the other in the region of the apex of the heart. The electrodes must be pressed tightly, while under the influence of magnetic fields of permanent magnets 90 and 91, the magnetically controlled contacts of the defibrillation sensors 186 and 187 will work. Since the magnetically controlled contacts of these defibrillation sensors are connected in series, they should work both, this is possible only when both electrodes are pressed tightly at the same time. The force applied to the electrodes when pressed, is determined by the thickness of the elastically deformed layer attached to the surfaces of the electrodes 3.

 The signal from the defibrillation sensors will go to the input of the logic device 10, from the output of the logic device 10, the signal will go to the input of the simulator control device 11, which will turn on the corresponding element. As a result, the student diagnoses cardiac fibrillation not only by the fibrillating heart on the screen of the anatomical display 2 (Fig. 1), but also by the fibrillation curve. In this case, it is necessary to immediately carry out defibrillation, for this, when the electrodes are pressed, you must press the buttons 180 (Fig.21) and 185 control "discharge". The energy dose capacitor 176 is discharged to zero, the output of the comparator 177 will switch to the state of "logical unit". This signal will be fed to the input of the logic device 10 and further to the simulator control device 11, which will reduce the rhythm of the current pulses supplied to the heart video simulator from 480 times per minute to 70 times per minute and switch the power to the illuminating element 166 installed in another compartment 165 As a result, the student on the display screen 2 (Fig. 1) will see a normally contracting heart and an image of the curve of the sinusoidal heart rhythm.

 In the program mode, external bleeding and closed fractures, the simulator works by analogy with these programs. For example, we select the program “external bleeding in the temporal region”, process the symbol of this program with a magnetic key, after a 15-second demonstration of the “live” state, the simulator will be set to external temporal bleeding.

 From the device 11 (Fig. 2) control the simulators will receive pulsating current pulses to the corresponding illuminating element 141 (Fig.15) installed in the video simulator 46 (Fig.14) of external temporal bleeding on the dummy, and to the corresponding illuminating element 145 (Fig.16 ) on panel 144, related to the video simulator installed in the anatomical display. As a result, the student will see a bleeding spot on the temple of the dummy and a pulsating blood spot on the anatomical display screen.

 The control time of the program related to external bleeding is 30 seconds. During this time, the student must have time to correctly perform techniques to eliminate bleeding. In our case (temporal external bleeding), the student must first finger-press the temporal artery, for which you need to press the sensor 48 with your fingers (Fig. 4), installed in front of the tragus of the ear in block 5 of the head model. A signal from the specified sensor will arrive at the logical device 10 (Fig. 2), the logical device will generate a signal that enters the simulator simulator control device 11, as a result, the pulsed current pulses to the illuminating elements installed in the specified imitators of the dummy and anatomical display will stop flowing, and will not see pulsating blood stains on the temple of the dummy and on the display screen. At the termination of finger pressure, the demonstration of external bleeding will resume again. To finally stop temporal hemorrhage, it is necessary to additionally apply a pressure dressing on bleeding spots on the temple of the dummy, and the pressure sensor 47 (figure 4) will work, the signal from which will go to logic device 10 (figure 10), the demonstration of external temporal bleeding will also stop on the screen of the anatomical display, and the simulator will work in the mode of a "living" organism; in case of incorrect actions: the limit of the control time has been exhausted, the place of pressing has been incorrectly selected, insufficient effort - after 30 seconds the simulator will go into the "clinical death" mode, and the image of the dried-up blood spot will remain on the display of the dummy and in the temple of the head image. Other external bleeding programs work similarly with the only difference that after pressing the bleeding artery above the bleeding site, a training harness is applied (Fig. 20), for example, if the tourniquet is applied to the shoulder area, the magnetically controlled contact 128 will work (Fig. 14), as a result, the circuit will be blocked simulator 126 external bleeding in the forearm.

 The program "open pneumothorax" (penetrating wound of the chest) includes simulators 92 (Fig.9) of external bleeding in the region of the right lung on the dummy, as well as a video simulator of external bleeding on the anatomical display in the region of the right lung. After a 15-second demonstration of a "living organism", the student sees on the dummy and display a pulsating blood stain, as well as a collapsed right lung and a left lung filled with air. The student should immediately apply the training pressure occlusal dressing, using an elastic bandage, a rubberized gasket with foam rubber is applied to the “wound”, permanent magnets (not shown) are placed inside the gasket. A simulator of external bleeding with pneumothorax is made similarly (Fig. 15), it has a magnetically controlled contact 142 as a sensor, which operatively interacts with a permanent magnet placed in an occlusive dressing.

 When the bandage is tightly applied, permanent magnets placed in the gasket act on the specified magnetically controlled contact, the signal from which blocks the power supply circuit of the indicated imitators and restores the "breathing" circuit of the right lung, and as a result of the correct actions, the student records the disappearance of pulsating blood spots on the dummy and display and the appearance of signs of a "living organism".

 In case of improper actions after the control time has passed, the simulator shows signs of "clinical death" and there remains a "blood" spot on the dummy and a blood spot on the lung on the display screen.

 In the case of practicing immobilization methods for closed fractures, characteristic bone fractures are shown on the anatomical display screen, and if training tires are correctly applied, the video simulation of the fractures stops and the student is convinced of the effectiveness of their actions, the training time for applying fractures to fractures is not limited by the control time.

 Any of these training programs can be supplemented by the sub-program "punch into the chest in the heart." After a 15-second demonstration of the living state, the simulator enters the mode of the selected program and, additionally, from the device 11 (Fig. 2) the simulators will receive current pulses with a rhythm 400 times per minute to the heart video simulator, as a result, along with signs characteristic of the selected main program, the student on the display screen 2 (figure 1) will see the image of the heart in the mode of "ventricular tachycardia". The student should immediately (the control time limit is 20 seconds) make 2-3 sharp punches from a distance of 20-30 cm into the chest in the region of the heart, the sensor 85 (Fig. 8) of the shock in the region of the heart (permanent magnet 88 (Fig. 11) under the action of a blow, it will be pumped out towards the magnetically controlled contact 89, the signal from which will go to the logic device 10 (Fig. 2), the logic device will change the mode of current pulses arriving at the illuminating elements 145 (f g.16), set in the heart videoimitatore). As a result, the heart on the anatomical display 2 (Fig. 1) will go into sinus rhythm mode and the student will be able to continue working on the simulator in the selected program mode.

 Thus, the design features of the proposed simulator allow us to implement new training programs in it in full the requirements of modern emergency first aid, and bring the training process as close as possible to real conditions, while freeing the resuscitator from a significant amount of routine work, minimizing the number of operations related to the training of the simulator and its maintenance during the educational process.

Claims (18)

 1. A simulator for teaching emergency trauma and resuscitation techniques, containing a human dummy, including a head unit with eye imitators, a movable lower jaw and a device for protecting students from cross infection, an airway obstruction simulator, artificial respiration sensor, mouth opening sensor and sensors pressure, neck block with tilt and head rotation sensors, pulse simulators, pivotally connected to the head block, torso block with an external heart massage sensor, sensor violation of the frame integrity of the chest, simulators of the respiratory movements of the chest and abdomen, and a belt buckle model pivotally connected to the neck block, upper limb simulators, movable in the elbow joints, articulated to the body block and containing pulse simulators, pressure sensors and magnetically controlled contacts, lower limbs, movable in the knee joints, articulated with the body block and containing pulse simulators, pressure sensors and magnetically controlled contacts, anatomically the first display with video simulators of the internal organs of the person, the simulator control system connected to the dummy and the anatomical display, the simulator control panel connected to the simulator control system, and the external electrodes connected to the training electric defibrillator circuit, which is connected to the simulator control system, characterized in that the student’s protection device against cross-infection is a two-part nasal cavity mask connected by a detachable tube to the back of the head the other part of the head block, on which the hollow tube, including the detachable tube, is rigidly fixed, the artificial respiration sensor and the airway obstruction simulator are placed in the hollow tube, one part of the nasal mask is an imitator of a movable lower jaw, the outer side of which is an imitator of the lower lip and chin and the inner side is made in the form of a concave hemisphere, in the central part of which a bracket is installed, the lower part of the hemisphere has an axis, the ends of which protrude symmetrically on both sides the chin simulator of the lower jaw with the possibility of the formation of guide pins, the other part of the nasolabial mask is a simulator of the nose and upper lip, under which there is a convex hemisphere, the curvature of which corresponds to the curvature of the concave hemisphere of the simulator of the lower jaw and which has a hole for simulating a mouth with teeth communicated with a detachable tube and nasal cavity, with the formation of the nasal cavity, in addition, the convex hemisphere contains a through rectangular hole located below the hole the mouth, the width of which corresponds to the width of the bracket mounted on the concave hemisphere of the lower jaw, while the indicated convex hemisphere is recessed inside the nasolabial mask and on its surface along the border of the chin and convex hemisphere with the formation of protrusions in which guide grooves are made, the depth and width of which corresponds to the length and the diameter of the protruding pins guiding the axis of the chin of the lower jaw, the lower jaw is placed on the rhinoceros mask, its concave hemisphere is associated with the convex hemisphere of the rhinoceros ki with the possibility of sliding along it, while the pins of the axis of the lower jaw are placed in the guide grooves, and the bracket of the concave hemisphere of the lower jaw is installed in the through hole of the convex hemisphere of the nasolabial mask, and the limiter of the degree of extension of the simulator of the lower jaw relative to the simulator of the upper lip is made in the form of a fixing cross-shaped metal a plate mounted on the walls of a through rectangular hole and passing inside the specified bracket.  2. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the artificial respiration sensor comprises a metal hollow cylinder and a spring mounted inside a detachable tube, which is made of a transparent material and two infrared elements mounted one opposite the other at the level of the specified spring in the through hole made in the walls of the hollow tube of the occipital part of the head block and connected to the simulator control system.  3. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the simulator of obstruction of the respiratory tract contains a sleeve with a calibrated hole mounted inside the specified detachable tube above the metal hollow cylinder, and an electric coil mounted at the level of the metal hollow cylinder at the free end of the hollow tube of the occipital part of the block head and connected to the control system of the simulator.  4. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that a simulator of the extension of the lower jaw is introduced into it, including an electric coil mounted on the panel of the front of the head unit, and a permanent magnet mounted on the end of the bracket of the movable lower jaw, the permanent magnet has a common axis of symmetry with the electric coil and is configured to interact with the core of the electric coil, a fixing cross-shaped metal plate and an electric coil connected to the tren control system Jerome.  5. The simulator according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that it implements a system for simulating the extension of the lower jaw, which includes pressure sensors installed on the ascending branches of the lower jaw of the dummy near the auricles, a sensor for tilting the head of the dummy, a mouth opening sensor and a simulator extension of the lower jaw, while these sensors are connected to the input of the simulator control system, and the electric coil of the lower jaw extension simulator is connected to its output.  6. The simulator according to claims 1, 4, 5, characterized in that the mouth opening sensor includes a magnetically-controlled contact mounted on the panel of the front of the head unit, connected to the simulator control system, configured to operatively interact with a permanent magnet mounted on the end of the bracket of the movable lower jaw.  7. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the body block contains a common rigid panel pivotally connected to the middle rigid panels of the chest block and the abdomen block, while the free ends of these panels are conjugated, and elastic elements are installed under the middle rigid panel of the abdominal block to simulate the elasticity of the chest and abdomen.  8. The simulator on PP. 1 and 7, characterized in that the respiratory simulator contains a rigid panel to simulate the front surface of the chest, freely placed on a square base mounted on the middle rigid panel of the chest block, in which a through hole is made, a guide is freely placed in the upper part of the specified hole a tube rigidly connected to the inside of the panel to simulate the front surface of the chest, and in the lower part of the specified hole under the guide tube is installed with possible The constant magnet moves under which the coil is rigidly fixed, connected to the simulator control device with the possibility of operative interaction with the permanent magnet.  9. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the pulse simulator comprises a housing in which a coil with a metal core is mounted, over which an elastically deformed gasket, a permanent magnet and a rod mounted to move with a through hole made in the housing are located one above the other dummy in places of pulse simulation, while the permanent magnet is made with the possibility of operational interaction with the stem base and with the electromagnetic field of the coil connected to the control system of the simulator.  10. The simulator according to claims 1 and 7, characterized in that it has a dummy vertical position sensor installed, comprising a housing mounted on a common rigid panel in the torso unit in which the horseshoe-shaped groove is made, a permanent magnet is located in the groove with the possibility of movement, and In the walls of the housing at the ends of the groove there are symmetrically magnetically controlled contacts with the possibility of operational interaction with a permanent magnet and connected to the logic device of the simulator control system.  11. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the belt buckle model is equipped with a light indicator mounted in the buckle housing and connected to the simulator control system.  12. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure sensors comprise a rod installed in a figured through hole made in the body of the dummy with the possibility of movement in it, while the rod is fixed in the figured hole by means of spring contacts mounted on the inside of the case, imitation, directly under the base of the rod and connected to the simulator control system.  13. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the simulator control system is installed in a separate housing and contains a logic device and a simulator control device, while one input of the logical device is connected to the dummy, the other to the simulator control panel, and the output to the input simulator control devices for the simulator, the inputs of which are connected to the display video simulators, to the dummy and to the training electric defibrillator circuit, the simulator power supply is located in the simulator control system housing, the slots are made, Otori mounted rack with hanging on them anatomical display.  14. The simulator according to claims 1 and 13, characterized in that the simulator control panel comprises a rigid panel on which magnetically controlled contacts are placed, a digital indicator and light indicators connected to the simulator control system, and a panel with cryptograms of functional programs printed on it, installed one above the other, above each magnetically controlled contact and a light indicator there is an image of the corresponding cryptogram, while these magnetically controlled contacts are configured to interacting ones with a magnetic switch designed as a ring, on which is mounted a permanent magnet electrodynamic sound head and videoimitator ECG.  15. The simulator according to claims 1, 13, 14, characterized in that the anatomical display contains a video simulator of the damaged cervical spine, including backlight elements mounted on the back of the hard panel and connected to the simulator control device, a compartment made in another hard relief a panel mounted above the rear rigid panel, in which through holes are made having common axes of symmetry with backlight elements, a human contour placed above the rigid relief panel, which is made of opaque material in which the contours of the injured vertebrae are made in the cervical region: a human contour made of translucent material located above the human contour of opaque material, on which an image of an intact cervical spine is located, located above the specified human contours, an additional human contour from translucent material with a translucent panel installed above it, which is the display screen, the rear rigid panel of the anatomical display, getting said trainer control console and illuminating elements videoimitatora ECG, connected to the control system of the simulator, and in rigid relief panel opposite the panel has a through opening whose dimensions match the dimensions of the panel.  16. The simulator according to claims 1 and 13, characterized in that the training electric defibrillator circuit is located in the simulator control system housing and contains an energy dose simulator connected to the simulator power supply, an electrocardiographic curve video simulator and remote electrodes connected to the energy dose simulator and placed in special recesses made in the housing cover of the simulator control system.  17. The simulator according to claims 13 and 16, characterized in that the video simulator of the electrocardiographic curves comprises a housing divided into compartments, each of which contains illuminating elements connected to the simulator simulator control device, and a panel of opaque material is installed on the front side of the housing, in which through holes are made opposite each compartment, corresponding in shape to the curves of the electrocardiogram, wherein said panel is closely pressed against the inside of the anatomical display screen.  18. The simulator according to paragraphs 13 and 16, characterized in that the remote electrodes contain a housing with a handle, magnetically controlled contacts are installed on the bottom of the housing, connected to an energy dose simulator with the possibility of operational interaction with permanent magnets installed in a human model, and in the handle each electrode mounted controls the dose of energy and discharge, connected to the circuit of the electric defibrillator.

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