RU2278287C2 - Two-rotor internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to interrupted combustion gas-turbine plants. According to invention, two rotors are installed in antiphase in housing with two working chambers. Surfaces of working chambers and rotors have form of rotating oval. Rotors are provided with several cavities of form in base like projection with surface of half of truncated cone partially enclosed by semiring arranged at a distance. Semirings, together with projections, form holes for ventilation with section in form of semiring, and channel is made over rotor generatrix to maintain pressure in spaces of cavities of rotor and working chamber when rotor is turned during "working stroke" phase. Rotors are furnished with system of seals consisting of double compression rings fitted on detachable locks installed on end faces of grooves and spring-loaded semirings fitted in slots made over mating lines of oval.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of engine in operation.

Description

The invention relates to engine building, in particular to rotary internal combustion engines.

The prior art F. Wankel rotary engine is known, comprising a fixed housing with a working chamber of a hypocycloid shape, gas exchange windows made in it, a triangular-shaped rotor-piston with radial walls that are the surfaces of the working chambers on which the recesses are made to create the required compression ratio. On the front side of the rotor-piston is installed a synchronizing gear with internal gearing. The crank mechanism of the engine in the form of an integral crankshaft is made in one piece with the gear (EI Ipatov and other “Ship rotary engines”, pp. 46-73).

Known rotary piston internal combustion engine containing a stationary housing with a trihedral working chamber made in it, the sides of which are formed by conjugate circular arcs, an axisymmetric rotor-piston located in the working chamber and mounted on a crankshaft using a slider located in the longitudinal groove of the rotor-piston moreover, the length of the rotor-piston is equal to the constant width of the working chamber. The drive mechanisms of the rotor-piston are equipped with a fixed gear of internal gear installed in the housing and connected with a small gear of external gear installed on the slider of the output shaft. In this case, the slider is spring-loaded and installed in the cheeks of the output shaft with the possibility of rotation of it. In each wall of the casing for supplying the air-fuel mixture and exhaust gas exhaust, gas exchange windows are made in which valves providing gas exchange are installed and an ignition source is placed. The engine sealing system includes radial seals and movable mechanical seals located both in the housing and in the engine rotor (copyright certificate No. 1343062 dated 06.12.71).

Known rotary piston internal combustion engine containing a stationary housing made in it with a three-sided working chamber in the form of a figure of constant width formed with a ratio of the radii of the conjugate arcs that satisfy the condition:

M - overall width along the edges of the sealing elements installed on the ends of the rotor-piston;

R is the large radius of the conjugate arc;

r is the small radius of the conjugate arc;

D is the diameter of the circumference described around the ventilation ducts of the end caps;

- эксцентриситет коленвала.

- crankshaft eccentricity.

An axisymmetric rotor-piston with cylindrical surfaces of the heads is located in the working chamber and is mounted on the output crankshaft using a slider located in the longitudinal groove of the rotor-piston. In addition, the engine contains a drive mechanism equipped with two pairs of rollers mounted on the ends of the rotor-piston coaxially with the cylindrical surfaces of the heads and interacting with the working cylindrical surfaces of the sectors, which are made in one piece with the crankshaft. The engine gas distribution mechanism is made in the form of two gas exchange windows made in the walls of the working chamber body, near one of the peaks located opposite the side with the ignition source (nozzle or spark plug). The engine sealing system includes a rotor-piston seal, consisting of plates located at the tops of the heads of the rotor-piston, and sealing elements located at the ends of the rotor-piston, as well as a stationary working chamber seal formed by the end caps. End caps with holes in the center for the removal of gas and oil leaks are mounted motionless on the ends of the working chamber body. To exit the dead spots at the opposite ends of the crankshaft, a flywheel and an impeller of a fan with masses that are comparable to each other are installed (RF patent No. 2152522 of 11/27/98).

The disadvantages of these engines are the presence of technologically complex forms (hypocycloid, trihedral, tripartite) of working chambers that determine the complex trajectories of the rotors-pistons, the presence of crank mechanisms in the form of crankshafts with triangular or axisymmetric rotor-pistons installed on them, the presence of drive mechanisms gear rotors-pistons, supporting pairs of rollers at the ends of the piston rotors and other mechanisms providing the output of the rotor pistons from the dead points of work of their chambers and their movements, not related to obtaining energy from the pressure of burnt gases. Crank and other mechanisms require high precision manufacturing and high quality work surfaces of parts, which leads to high costs and technological difficulties both in the manufacture of parts and the engine as a whole. The complex trajectories of the rotors-pistons accelerate the wear of parts and the engine as a whole, reduce the life of the engine, the operability and reliability of the engine. The disadvantage is that only one of the three cycles of the duty cycle is the “stroke - expansion”, and even from this third of the duty cycle the engine does not receive the maximum possible energy from the burnt fuel due to the crank mechanism in the engine design, which leads to a pressure drop burnt gases and, accordingly, to reduce torque.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the engine in comparison with piston internal combustion engines, increase reliability, service life, specific mass and dimensional indicators and simplify the design of the engine.

The problem is achieved in that in a two-rotor internal combustion engine containing a stationary body with two working chambers having a recess for installing intake valves (compressed air or compressed air-fuel mixture inlet), ignition sources and an exhaust window, two rotors installed in the workers chambers on the motor shaft in antiphase to each other, according to the invention, the surfaces of the working chambers and rotors have the shape of the surface of a rotating oval (oval - two semicircles connected by straight lines), the rotors have several recesses on the surface with forms in the base in the form of a protrusion with the shape surface of a half truncated cone partially surrounded by a half-ring spaced apart by a small distance, while the half-rings together with the protrusions form ventilation holes with a half-ring section, a channel is made along the rotor generatrix to maintain pressure in the cavities of the notches of the rotor and the working chamber when the rotor is rotated during the “stroke” phase, the rotors have samples with a common angular sector close to 180 °, in order to use p the rotors with the ends of the samples as fans of the working chambers, the rotors have protrusions to which locks are attached with oil scraper rings necessary to remove an excess layer of oil from the working surfaces of the chambers, the rotors have a sealing system consisting of double compression rings worn on removable locks that are mounted on the ends of the samples and the spring-loaded half rings inserted into the grooves made along the lines of the oval, the ends of the half rings ledges led under the first compression rings.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of the engine (the position of the engine elements during the phase of the "inlet");

figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1;

figure 3 is a section bB in figure 1 (the position of the channel);

figure 4 - section bb in figure 1 (the position of the compression rings and a special removable lock);

figure 5 is a section GG in figure 1 (the position of the special holes and half rings);

figure 6 shows the position of the engine elements during the phase "inlet";

Fig.7 shows the position of the engine elements during the phase "stroke";

on Fig shows the position of the engine elements during the phase of the exhaust-ventilation ".

The rotary internal combustion engine comprises a fixed housing 1 with two working chambers 2 made therein with surfaces of the shape of the surface rotating around the short axis of the oval. In each chamber 2, recesses 3 are made for installing an inlet valve 4, which serves for timely inlet into the combustion chamber of a certain volume of compressed air or fuel-air mixture to the required degree of compression and for installing an ignition device 5. In the working chambers 2 on the shaft 7 there are two rotors 6, installed in antiphase to each other to distribute the rotational forces of the rotors and balance the masses. The rotors 6 have surfaces of the shape of an oval rotating around the short axis with recesses 8 in the form of protrusions of the shape of a half truncated cone, partially surrounded by half rings located at a small distance from the protrusions and together with the protrusions making up the hole 10 with sections in the form of half rings. At a short distance from the half rings, the recesses end with ends. The forms of the recesses were selected by calculation in order to create the maximum total torque on the shaft of the engine from the pressure of the burnt gases on the surface of the recesses, channels 9 along the generators of the rotors connecting the cavity of the recesses of the working chambers with the cavities of the recesses of the rotors with a significant angle of rotation of the rotors from the beginning of the “stroke” phase with the purpose of maintaining pressure. Large samples with a total angular sector of more than 180 ° are used to fix rotor seal parts and as fans for working chambers. The exhaust windows 11 are made in the housings. The sealing system includes rotor seals consisting of compression 12 and oil scraper 13 rings, mounted on special removable locks 14, attached to the ends and special protrusions of the rotors. The spring-loaded half rings 15 are inserted into the grooves 16 of the rotors made along the mating lines of the rotating oval. The ends of the half rings with their ledges are tucked under the compression rings first to them. The working chambers have fixed seals of 17 connectors.

The engine operates as follows. The working cycle of each rotor converts into mechanical energy part of the thermal energy released during the combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber, and consists of three phases: inlet, stroke and exhaust - ventilation.

Intake (first phase).

It begins with the passage of the compression rings of the front end of the rotor of the recess of the working chamber with an inlet valve and an ignition source. The inlet valve opens and a certain volume of compressed air or fuel-air mixture is compressed into the combustion chamber. The valve closes when the rotor rotates 25 ° from the beginning of the phase. Inlet is finished.

Working stroke (second phase).

It starts with the injection of a fuel nozzle or with the ignition of a spark by a spark plug, i.e. from the outbreak of fuel or air-fuel mixture and the beginning of the thermodynamic process in a closed constant volume of the combustion chamber. The high temperature of the burnt gases creates a high pressure in the combustion chamber and on the surfaces of the notches of the rotor, creating the maximum total torque on the motor shaft. The rotor, under an almost constant gas pressure, rotates about 140 ° and approaches the first compression rings in the direction of the outlet window. The working move is completed.

Release - ventilation (third phase).

The burnt gases exit through the exhaust window into the atmosphere. The end face and the protrusion of the rotor as fan blades expel exhaust gas from the working chamber. The rotor rotates approximately 195 °. The phase "Release - ventilation" is completed.

The working cycle of the second rotor is 180 ° behind the first cycle.

Claims (1)

A two-rotor internal combustion engine containing a stationary housing with two working chambers having a recess for installing intake valves (compressed air or compressed air-fuel mixture inlet), ignition sources and an exhaust window, two rotors installed in working chambers on the engine shaft in antiphase to each other to a friend, characterized in that the surfaces of the working chambers and rotors have the shape of the surface of a rotating oval (oval - two semicircles connected by straight lines), the rotors on the surface are somewhat higher ok with forms in the base in the form of a protrusion with the shape surface of a half truncated cone, partially surrounded by a half-ring spaced apart at a short distance, while the half-rings together with the protrusions form ventilation holes with a cross-section in the form of a half-ring, a channel is formed along the rotor forming to maintain pressure in the cavities of the recesses the rotor and the working chamber when the rotor is rotated during the “stroke” phase, the rotors have samples with a common angular sector close to 180 °, with the aim of using rotors with the ends of the samples as fans chambers, rotors have protrusions to which locks are fixed with oil scraper rings necessary to remove an excess layer of oil from the working surfaces of the chambers, rotors have a sealing system consisting of double compression rings worn on removable locks that are installed on the ends of the samples and spring-loaded half rings inserted into grooves made along the lines of the oval, the ends of the half rings ledges led under the first compression rings to them.

Images