RU2275421C2 - Method for producing vodka - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: liqueur and vodka industry.

SUBSTANCE: method involves preparing technological water and preparing a mixing solution by mixing water with ethyl alcohol. Before preparing a mixing solution ethyl alcohol is purified from free organic acids by addition of suspensions of alkaline or alkaline-earth metal oxides or hydroxides and stirring. Then ethyl alcohol is cooled and filtered at cooling temperature. The mixing solution is purified with activated carbon in carbon filters that are treated preliminary with potassium permanganate followed by addition of natural and synthetic components to vodka. Vodka is purified by treatment with activated carbon impregnated with silver followed by cooling. Proposed method for producing vodka allows decreasing the content of organic impurities and to improve organoleptic indices of vodka.

EFFECT: improved producing method.

3 tbl, 2 ex

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the food industry and can be used in the alcoholic beverage industry in the production of high-quality vodkas.

BACKGROUND

In the production of high quality vodka, it is necessary to reduce the content of undesirable impurities inherent in rectified alcohols made from food raw materials in order to obtain the final product with high organoleptic characteristics.

It is known that ethanol, which is used to produce vodka, has been produced since prehistoric times by yeast fermentation of sugars, which converts sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide. Root crops such as potatoes and grains (wheat, corn and the like) are the source of sugar. In the fermentation process, not only ethyl alcohol is formed, but also other substances, including fusel oils, glycerin and various organic acids, in particular such as propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovalerianic, valerianic, which give an undesirable aftertaste and smell to the final product, etc. e worsen organoleptic properties.

Currently, in the production of vodka, as a rule, water or a water-alcohol mixture is subjected to purification (sorting).

A known method for the production of vodka, in which before preparing the water-alcohol mixture (sorting), water is desalted, which allows to obtain the finished product with improved organoleptic properties (RF patent No. 2183668).

However, this method does not allow to reduce the content of undesirable impurities in grain alcohol, in particular organic acids.

A known method of processing a mixture of ethyl alcohol and water (sorting) to remove impurities, providing for contacting the mixture with several layers of activated carbon at a temperature of from -45 ° to -22 ° C in the first stage and contacting the mixture with several layers of activated carbon at a temperature of from -22 ° to ± 5 ° C in the second stage (RF patent No. 21007679). This method allows to minimize the content in vodka of unpleasant taste compounds, such as acetals and semi-acetals, but does not allow to reduce the content of organic acids.

A known method of producing vodka, providing for the production of process water, its mixing with rectified grain alcohol "Lux", preliminary and final filtering of sorting and bottling, while the production of process water from natural water is carried out in three stages. Pre-filtering the resulting sorting is carried out on depth filters with a micronage of 20 μm, sorting is cooled down to -4 ° C, held at this temperature for 8 hours and subjected to final filtering on membrane microfilters (RF patent No. 2044045). This method offers water purification and sorting cleaning, while coarse suspended particles are separated from it by filtering the sorting through depth filters, and the composition of the product is stabilized by cooling the sorting. This method also does not allow to eliminate organic impurities, which give an undesirable aftertaste and smell to high-quality vodka.

Thus, the known methods of processing (cleaning) sorting do not allow to eliminate organic impurities, which give an undesirable aftertaste and smell to high-quality vodka.

The objective of the present invention is to remedy these shortcomings in the production of vodka by developing such a method of producing vodka that would ensure a decrease in the content of organic impurities and improve the organoleptic properties of vodka.

The problem is solved in that in the method of producing vodka, including the production of process water by mixing water with alcohol, purification of sorting and bottling, it is new that before preparing the sorting, alcohol is purified from free organic acids by adding a suspension of oxides or hydroxides of alkali or alkaline earth metals and by stirring, the alcohol is cooled, subjected to filtration at a cooling temperature, the sorting is cleaned with activated carbon on carbon filters, which are preliminarily ops solution of potassium permanganate is introduced into vodka ingredients of natural or synthetic origin, and vodka purification is carried out by treatment with activated carbon impregnated with silver, followed by cooling.

In accordance with claim 2, a suspension of oxides or hydroxides of alkali or alkaline earth metals with a concentration of 0.5-1.0 ± 0.1 mg per 1 liter of alcohol is used.

When the concentration of the suspension below the specified limit, there is no appreciable decrease in the content of organic acids in the alcohol, and when the concentration of the suspension above the specified limit, the amount of the suspension increases without increasing the amount of reaction products.

In accordance with claims 1 or 2, CaO is used as an alkaline earth metal oxide.

In accordance with claims 1 to ₂ , Ca (OH) _{2 is} used as the alkaline earth metal hydroxide.

In accordance with any one of claims 1 to 4, mixing is carried out for 22-26 hours.

Mixing alcohol with a suspension of oxides or hydroxides of alkali or alkaline earth metals in it for less than 22 hours is not enough to neutralize organic acids, with an increase in mixing time of more than 26 hours there is no increase in the number of reaction products.

In accordance with any one of claims 1 to 5, the alcohol is cooled to minus 10 ° ± 2 C.

The indicated temperatures are optimal for accelerated crystallization of salts of organic acids. Lowering the temperature below the lower limit will increase the energy cost of cooling the reaction mixture, and raising the temperature above the upper limit will reduce crystal formation.

In accordance with any one of claims 1 to 6, the filters are treated with a 0.05% KMnO ₄ solution with a holding time of 30 ± 2 min.

In accordance with any one of claims 1 to 7, the finished product is cooled to 0 ° - minus 5 ° C.

Cooling the vodka to 0 ° - minus 5 ° C allows you to accelerate the assimilation of the components of the finished vodka containing various ingredients, including plant origin, for example, rye grain infusion, sesame infusion, rosehip infusion, etc., which improves the tasting characteristics of the finished vodka.

In accordance with any one of claims 1 to 8, the pore size of the filter for purifying alcohol is 1-2 microns.

This implementation of the method allows to reduce the content of organic acids in alcohol due to the formation of salts during the interaction of organic acids with oxides or hydroxides of alkali or alkaline earth metals, moreover, to reduce the solubility of the formed salts, the alcohol is cooled and the cooled alcohol is subjected to ice filtration to remove the precipitate, as a result, it is noticeably reduced amount of organic acids in the final product.

For example, in the interaction of organic acids with CaO or Ca (OH) ₂ , the corresponding calcium salts are formed, which, unlike the sodium and potassium salts, are slightly soluble in ethanol. In addition, from a number of alkaline and alkaline earth metals, calcium is the most harmless to the human body. When the solution is cooled, the solubility of the calcium salts of organic acids decreases and most of them can be filtered along with an excess of CaO or Ca (OH) 2. The interaction of organic acids with oxides or hydroxides of alkali or alkaline earth metals proceeds more efficiently with vigorous stirring.

The treatment of carbon filters with KMnO ₄ solution increases the efficiency of sorting cleaning due to the high oxidizing ability of KMnO ₄ solutions. The concentration of the KMnO ₄ solution is 0.05% and the processing time of 30 min was determined experimentally for the type of filter used, while the minimum possible concentration of oxidizing agent and the time sufficient for complete oxidation of the organic compounds adsorbed on the carbon filter were adopted.

The inventive method is as follows.

First, alcohol is purified from free organic acids. The following are examples of the practical implementation of the purification of alcohol from free organic acids.

Example 1

For the preparation of 10 cells of sorting, 450 cells of rectified ethyl alcohol "Lux" are measured by measuring units of 1 cell.

Alcohol is transferred to a container for processing.

To clean alcohol from free organic acids, 3.2 g of calcium oxide are used. Prepare an alcohol suspension of calcium oxide 1/10 (4 L), which is introduced into a container with alcohol with constant vigorous stirring. Stirring the alcohol with the added suspension is continued for 24 hours, after which the alcohol is cooled to minus 10 ° C using an Alfa Laval heat exchanger-cooler and transferred to the filtration.

Filtration of alcohol is carried out on cartridge filters with pore sizes of 1 μm to remove the formed calcium salts.

Physico-chemical and organoleptic indicators of alcohol before and after cleaning are shown in the table.

Indicators Rectified ethyl alcohol "Lux" Alcohol "Lux" after purification from organic acids according to the claimed method Organoleptic indicators:
Color, transparency
Smell, taste Colorless, transparent
Characteristic for alcohol of the grade "Lux" without odor, taste Colorless, transparent
Characteristic for alcohol of the grade "Lux" without odor, taste Tasting score 9.25 9,4 Fortress,% vol. 96.5 96.5 Oxidation test 23 27 Mass concentration of acetaldehyde, mg / DM ³ in terms of bezv. alcohol Less than 0.5 Less than 0.5 Mass concentration of fusel oil, mg / dm ³ in terms of bezv. alcohol 2,3 2.0 Mass concentration of esters (ethyl acetate, methyl acetate), mg / DM ³ in terms of bezv. alcohol Less than 0.5 Less than 0.5 The volume fraction of methyl alcohol,%, ³ in terms of bezv. alcohol 0.006 0.006 Mass concentration of free acids (without CO ₂ ), mg / dm ³ in terms of bezv. alcohol 8.2 6.5

Example 2

Purification of Extra alcohol from free organic acids.

For the purification of 4, 50 cells of alcohol, 4.5 g of calcium oxide was used.

Physico-chemical and organoleptic indicators of alcohol "Extra" before and after cleaning are shown in the table.

Indicators Rectified ethyl alcohol "Extra" Alcohol "Extra" after purification from organic acids Organoleptic indicators:
Color, transparency
Smell, taste Colorless, transparent
Characteristic for “Extra” grade alcohol without odor, taste Colorless, transparent
Characteristic for “Extra” grade alcohol without odor, taste Tasting score 8.9 9.12 Fortress,% vol. 96.4 96.4 Oxidation test 21 27 Mass concentration of acetaldehyde, mg / DM ³ in terms of bezv. alcohol Less than 0.5 Less than 0.5 Mass concentration of fusel oil, mg / dm ³ in terms of bezv. alcohol 2.6 2,4 Mass concentration of esters (ethyl acetate, methyl acetate), mg / DM ³ in terms of bezv. alcohol Less than 0.5 Less than 0.5 The volume fraction of methyl alcohol,%, ³ in terms of bezv. alcohol 0.007 0.007 Mass concentration of free acids (without CO ₂ ), mg / dm ³ in terms of bezv. alcohol 8.4 3.2

For the production of vodka choose ethyl alcohol rectified "Lux", made from 100% grain. Water used in production is subjected to desalination to a predetermined level using a known reverse osmosis method. The calculated amount of CaO is introduced into the volume of alcohol in the form of an 1/10 alcohol suspension with vigorous stirring, which is carried out for 24 hours. Organic acids, interacting with CaO, form calcium salts. After mixing, the alcohol is cooled to minus 10 ° C and the cooled alcohol is subjected to ice filtration through cartridge filters with a pore size of 1 μm to remove the formed calcium salts. Alcohol after filtration and prepared water are fed to the mixer to obtain sorting with a strength of 40.2%. Before filing the sorting for cleaning, the carbon plates are installed in the filter press, the filter is filled with a 0.05% KMnO ₄ solution and kept for 30 ± 2 min. Then the solution is drained and sorted. The efficiency of sorting processing is determined by the difference in the Lang oxidation index between vodka and sorting, the difference in tasting ratings and is controlled spectrophotometrically so that the cleaning effect is at least 10%. When using a solution of KMnO ₄ , the cleaning efficiency of sorting increases on average by 3-5% due to the high oxidizing ability of KMnO ₄ . Then, ingredients according to the formulation, for example, sugar, fructose, lactose, honey, ascorbic, lactic and succinic acids and the like are introduced into the obtained product. After the introduction of the ingredients, vodka is re-treated with activated carbon impregnated with silver. Ready vodka is subjected to cooling to a temperature of 0 ° - (- 5 °) C to improve the tasting characteristics of vodka.

The proposed method allows to obtain vodka with improved organoleptic properties.

The table shows the comparative indicators of vodka prepared in accordance with the production process regulations and the proposed method

Indicators Sorting from alcohol "LUX" Vodka prepared according to PTR 10-19725-02 Vodka prepared by the proposed method 1. Tasting assessment 9.5 9.75 9.97 2. The content of organic acids, mg / DM ³ b / c. 8 8 7 3. Transparency,% 90 94 97 4. Lang oxidation, min. 12 min 14 min 40 sec 17 min difference in oxidizability between vodka and sorting (according to Lang), min. - 2 min 40 sec 5 minutes 5. The degree of purification,% - 11-14 16-19

Claims (9)

1. A method of producing vodka, including obtaining process water, preparing sorting by mixing water with alcohol, cleaning sorting and bottling, characterized in that before preparing the sorting, the alcohol is purified from free organic acids by adding a suspension of oxides or hydroxides of alkali or alkaline earth metals to the alcohol and mixing , alcohol is cooled, it is filtered at a cooling temperature, sorting is cleaned with activated carbon on carbon filters, which are pre-treated They melt with a solution of potassium permanganate, introduce ingredients of natural and synthetic origin into vodka, and the vodka is purified by treatment with activated carbon impregnated with silver, followed by cooling. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a suspension of oxides or hydroxides of alkali or alkaline earth metals with a concentration of (0.5-1.0 ± 0.1) mg per 1 liter of alcohol is used. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that CaO is used as an alkaline earth metal oxide. 4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that Ca (OH) _{2 is} used as the alkaline earth metal hydroxide. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mixing is carried out for 22-26 hours 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the alcohol is cooled to minus 10 ° ± 2 ° C, 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the filters are treated with a 0.05% KMnO ₄ solution with a shutter speed of (30 ± 2) min. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the finished product is cooled to 0 - minus 5 ° C. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the alcohol is filtered through filters with pore sizes of 1-2 microns.